Teaching Grammar in Context CAT

8/17/2019 Teaching Grammar in Context CAT

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Teaching Grammar In Teaching Grammar In

ContextContext Jan Joines Jan Joines

Literacy CoachLiteracy Coach

Forts Pond Elementary SchoolForts Pond Elementary School

[email protected] [email protected]



!estions to Thin" #$o!t!estions to Thin" #$o!t

% &o yo! 'eel !n(re(ared to teach&o yo! 'eel !n(re(ared to teach

grammar)grammar)

% &o yo! $elie*e yo! need a grammar&o yo! $elie*e yo! need a grammar$oo" in order to hel( yo! teach$oo" in order to hel( yo! teach

grammar)grammar)

% &o yo! thin" &aily +ral Lang!age is&o yo! thin" &aily +ral Lang!age isan e,ecti*e techni-!e to teachan e,ecti*e techni-!e to teach

grammar)grammar)



esearchesearch

/ /#ccording to#ccording to In a Reading State of MindIn a Reading State of Mind00researchers recently ha*e identied a ne2researchers recently ha*e identied a ne2ty(e o' ne!ron0 thety(e o' ne!ron0 the mirror neuron.mirror neuron. These Thesecells are acti*ated 32hen 2e do something.cells are acti*ated 32hen 2e do something. They seem to mirror the $eha*iors They seem to mirror the $eha*iorsregardless o' 2hether or not 2e4re the oneregardless o' 2hether or not 2e4re the onemo*ing54 The concl!sion the a!thors reach6mo*ing54 The concl!sion the a!thors reach6

3+!r $rain is hard2ired to mimic and3+!r $rain is hard2ired to mimic andimitate.47imitate.47

Reading Today Reading Today October/November 2008October/November 2008



Je, #nderson says8 Je, #nderson says8

/ /So i' yo!4re still jones9ing 'or dailySo i' yo!4re still jones9ing 'or daily

trans(arencies 2ith errors to edit :&+L;0trans(arencies 2ith errors to edit :&+L;0

consider that there may $e another 2ay toconsider that there may $e another 2ay to

teach editing6 a (rocess that starts 2ithteach editing6 a (rocess that starts 2ith

(o2er'!l sentences0 sentences that teach0(o2er'!l sentences0 sentences that teach0

sentences that marinate o!r st!dents insentences that marinate o!r st!dents in

(ositi*e models o' 2hat 2riting can $e0 not(ositi*e models o' 2hat 2riting can $e0 not

2hat it sho!ldn4t $e.72hat it sho!ldn4t $e.7

Everyday Editing: Inviting Student to !eve"o# S$i"" and %raftEveryday Editing: Inviting Student to !eve"o# S$i"" and %raft

in &riter' &or$(o# ) *e+ ,nderon -200in &riter' &or$(o# ) *e+ ,nderon -200



&o yo! thin" yo! need a&o yo! thin" yo! need a

grammar $oo")grammar $oo") T<I=> #G#I= 5 T<I=> #G#I= 5

/ /+ne essential and telling di,erence+ne essential and telling di,erence

$et2een learning 'rom a style man!al and$et2een learning 'rom a style man!al andlearning 'rom literat!re is that any ho29tolearning 'rom literat!re is that any ho29to$oo" 2ill0 almost $y denition0 tell yo! ho2$oo" 2ill0 almost $y denition0 tell yo! ho2not to 2rite8a (edagogy that in*ol*esnot to 2rite8a (edagogy that in*ol*es2arnings a$o!t 2hat might $e $ro"en and2arnings a$o!t 2hat might $e $ro"en and

directions on ho2 to x it?as o((osed todirections on ho2 to x it?as o((osed tolearning 'rom literat!re0 2hich teaches $ylearning 'rom literat!re0 2hich teaches $y(ositi*e model.7(ositi*e model.7

Reading i$e a &riter ) 1rancine roe3 -2004Reading i$e a &riter ) 1rancine roe3 -2004



Grammar oo"s *s. GrammarGrammar oo"s *s. Grammar

in Contextin Context

/ /# recent st!dy :Fearn and Farnan# recent st!dy :Fearn and Farnan

ABB; 'o!nd that teaching st!dentsABB; 'o!nd that teaching st!dents

to 'oc!s on '!nction and (racticalto 'oc!s on '!nction and (racticala((lication o' grammar 2ithin thea((lication o' grammar 2ithin the

context o' 2riting :*ers!s teachingcontext o' 2riting :*ers!s teaching

grammar as an inde(endent acti*ity;grammar as an inde(endent acti*ity;(rod!ced strong and (ositi*e e,ects(rod!ced strong and (ositi*e e,ects

on st!dents4 2riting.on st!dents4 2riting.



Grammar oo" *s. Grammar inGrammar oo" *s. Grammar in

ContextContext

+*erall0 the ndings on grammar+*erall0 the ndings on grammar

instr!ction s!ggest that0 altho!ghinstr!ction s!ggest that0 altho!gh

teaching grammar is im(ortant0teaching grammar is im(ortant0alternati*e (roced!res8are morealternati*e (roced!res8are more

e,ecti*e than traditional a((roachese,ecti*e than traditional a((roaches

'or im(ro*ing the -!ality o' st!dents4'or im(ro*ing the -!ality o' st!dents42riting.72riting.7

&riting Ne5t ) 6ra(am and erin -200&riting Ne5t ) 6ra(am and erin -200



Ti(s to emem$er Ti(s to emem$er

% The idea is to $egin 2ith the end in The idea is to $egin 2ith the end in

mind. :Co*ey ABBD;mind. :Co*ey ABBD;

% >no2ing 2hat s!ccess'!l 2riting>no2ing 2hat s!ccess'!l 2ritingloo"s li"e :S(andel ABBD; hel(sloo"s li"e :S(andel ABBD; hel(s

st!dents (rod!ce more e,ecti*est!dents (rod!ce more e,ecti*e

sentences.sentences. Everyday Editing: Inviting Student to !eve"o# S$i"" and %raftEveryday Editing: Inviting Student to !eve"o# S$i"" and %raft

in &riter' &ro$(o# ) *e+ ,nderon -200in &riter' &ro$(o# ) *e+ ,nderon -200



Je, #nderson learned8 Je, #nderson learned8

/ /hen st!dents enco!ntered morehen st!dents enco!ntered more

and more $ea!ti'!l text0 this joy0 thisand more $ea!ti'!l text0 this joy0 this

$ea!ty ended !( in their 2riting.$ea!ty ended !( in their 2riting.#nd I "ne2. y st!dents 2ere 2riting#nd I "ne2. y st!dents 2ere 2riting

!nder the in!ence?o' literat!re0 o'!nder the in!ence?o' literat!re0 o'

(o2er'!l0 e,ecti*e $ea!ti'!l 2riting.7(o2er'!l0 e,ecti*e $ea!ti'!l 2riting.7 Everyday Editing: Inviting Student to !eve"o# S$i"" andEveryday Editing: Inviting Student to !eve"o# S$i"" and

%raft in &riter' &or$(o# ) *e+ ,nderon -200%raft in &riter' &or$(o# ) *e+ ,nderon -200



<o2 does an a!thor learn<o2 does an a!thor learn

grammar)grammar)

/ /I 2ish I co!ld say that I learned to editI 2ish I co!ld say that I learned to edit'rom the many 2ell9exec!ted lessons I'rom the many 2ell9exec!ted lessons I

recei*ed in grammar and high school8Irecei*ed in grammar and high school8Ididn4t really thin" a$o!t editing anddidn4t really thin" a$o!t editing and2hat it meant !ntil I $ecame a 2riter.2hat it meant !ntil I $ecame a 2riter.=o2 I4m constantly reading (!$lished=o2 I4m constantly reading (!$lished

$oo"s 2ith a critical eye8For me0 all$oo"s 2ith a critical eye8For me0 alllearning re*ol*es aro!nd a!thentic !se.7learning re*ol*es aro!nd a!thentic !se.7 77o"a Sc(aefer3 aut(or of more t(an to (undred c(i"dren'77o"a Sc(aefer3 aut(or of more t(an to (undred c(i"dren'

boo$boo$



Practical Ste(s to TeachPractical Ste(s to Teach

Grammar in ContextGrammar in Context

% e'ore $eginning a lesson0 as"e'ore $eginning a lesson0 as"

yo!rsel' 2hat (rior "no2ledge do myyo!rsel' 2hat (rior "no2ledge do my

st!dents need to ha*e)st!dents need to ha*e) EH#PLE6 I' yo! are teachingEH#PLE6 I' yo! are teaching

s!$ject9*er$ agreement0 yo!rs!$ject9*er$ agreement0 yo!r

st!dents m!st "no2 2hat a s!$jectst!dents m!st "no2 2hat a s!$jectand *er$ are $e'ore $eginning theand *er$ are $e'ore $eginning the

lesson.lesson.



orning essageorning essage

% Com(ose a morning message thatCom(ose a morning message that

contains many exam(les o' 2hat yo!contains many exam(les o' 2hat yo!

2ant the st!dents to learn.2ant the st!dents to learn. EH#PLE6 Prono!n9re'erentEH#PLE6 Prono!n9re'erent

Se*eral o' yo!r sentences 2o!ldSe*eral o' yo!r sentences 2o!ld

incl!de no!ns that 2o!ld $e 2rittenincl!de no!ns that 2o!ld $e 2rittenas a (rono!n later in the sentence.as a (rono!n later in the sentence.



orning essageorning essage

#s" yo!r st!dents6#s" yo!r st!dents6

% hat do yo! notice)hat do yo! notice)

% hat else)hat else)

% <o2 does it so!nd 2hen 2e read it)<o2 does it so!nd 2hen 2e read it)

% hat 2o!ld change i' 2e remo*edhat 2o!ld change i' 2e remo*ed

this or that)this or that)

% hich do yo! (re'er) hy)hich do yo! (re'er) hy)



!le Chart!le Chart

% rite on a chart 2hat yo!r st!dentsrite on a chart 2hat yo!r st!dents

learned together a$o!t thelearned together a$o!t the

sentences.sentences.

% Place the chart !( in the room 'orPlace the chart !( in the room 'or

st!dent re'erence.st!dent re'erence.



Literat!reLiterat!re

% Loo" 'or exam(les o' the ty(e o' grammarLoo" 'or exam(les o' the ty(e o' grammaryo! are teaching in a (ict!re $oo" oryo! are teaching in a (ict!re $oo" orcha(ter $oo" that 2o!ld interest yo!rcha(ter $oo" that 2o!ld interest yo!r

st!dents.st!dents.% rite the sentences that demonstrate 2hatrite the sentences that demonstrate 2hat

yo! 2ant to teach in a S#T $oard lessonyo! 2ant to teach in a S#T $oard lessonor on a chart.or on a chart.

% #s" the st!dents 2hat they notice a$o!t the#s" the st!dents 2hat they notice a$o!t thesentences.sentences.

% &isc!ss the grammar in the sentences.&isc!ss the grammar in the sentences.



Inde(endent PracticeInde(endent Practice

% #s" the st!dents to loo" 'or the grammar#s" the st!dents to loo" 'or the grammar

yo! are teaching in their g!ided andyo! are teaching in their g!ided and

inde(endent reading.inde(endent reading.% The st!dents may ll o!t the 'ollo2ing The st!dents may ll o!t the 'ollo2ing

'orm.'orm.

I 'o!nd the sentence6 I 'o!nd the sentence6

I 'o!nd this in :$oo" title;I 'o!nd this in :$oo" title;

on (age .on (age .



#*oid Con'!sions#*oid Con'!sions

% Pro*ide exam(les o' sentences thatPro*ide exam(les o' sentences thatmay ca!se a con'!sion 'or the st!dents.may ca!se a con'!sion 'or the st!dents.

EH#PLE6 s!$ject9*er$ agreementEH#PLE6 s!$ject9*er$ agreement # herd o' ele(hants 2as $athing in the# herd o' ele(hants 2as $athing in the

2ater.2ater.

:ost st!dents thin" ele(hants is the:ost st!dents thin" ele(hants is thes!$ject and 2o!ld $e (l!ral. <o2e*er0s!$ject and 2o!ld $e (l!ral. <o2e*er0herd is the s!$ject0 and it is sing!lar.;herd is the s!$ject0 and it is sing!lar.;



riting Practiceriting Practice

% #s" yo!r st!dents to !se the#s" yo!r st!dents to !se the

grammar they learned in theirgrammar they learned in their

2riting.2riting.% #!thor4s Chair #'ter 2riting0#!thor4s Chair #'ter 2riting0

st!dents share the sentences theyst!dents share the sentences they

2rote.2rote.



P#SS9li"e !estionsP#SS9li"e !estions

% #'ter the st!dents ha*e seen many#'ter the st!dents ha*e seen many

sentences 2ritten grammaticallysentences 2ritten grammatically

correct0 yo! may assess the st!dentscorrect0 yo! may assess the st!dents!sing P#SS9li"e -!estions.!sing P#SS9li"e -!estions.

EH#PLE6 <o2 2o!ld yo! edit thisEH#PLE6 <o2 2o!ld yo! edit this

sentence correctly)sentence correctly)



In Concl!sionIn Concl!sion

/ /In*ite st!dents to notice0 to read li"e 2riters0In*ite st!dents to notice0 to read li"e 2riters0to come into the 2orld o' editing?a 'riendlyto come into the 2orld o' editing?a 'riendly(lace rather than a (!nishing (lace0 a(lace rather than a (!nishing (lace0 a

creational 'acility rather than a correctionalcreational 'acility rather than a correctionalone. hen 2e de*elo( a (lace 2here conce(tsone. hen 2e de*elo( a (lace 2here conce(tscan $e de*elo(ed and (atterns can $e learned0can $e de*elo(ed and (atterns can $e learned0"ids 'eel sa'e0 ta"e ris"s0 and 'eel 2elcome in"ids 'eel sa'e0 ta"e ris"s0 and 'eel 2elcome in

e*ery stage o' the 2riting (rocess.7e*ery stage o' the 2riting (rocess.7 Everyday Editing: Inviting Student to !eve"o# S$i"" and %raft in &riter'Everyday Editing: Inviting Student to !eve"o# S$i"" and %raft in &riter'

&or$(o# ) *e+ ,nderon -200&or$(o# ) *e+ ,nderon -200



i$liogra(hyi$liogra(hy

% #nderson0 Je,. ABBK.#nderson0 Je,. ABBK. Everyday Editing: InvitingEveryday Editing: InvitingStudent to !eve"o# S$i"" and %raft in &riter'Student to !eve"o# S$i"" and %raft in &riter'&or$(o#.&or$(o#. aine6 Stenho!se P!$lishers.aine6 Stenho!se P!$lishers.

% #nderson0 Je,. ABB.#nderson0 Je,. ABB. Mec(anica""y Inc"ined: 9ui"dingMec(anica""y Inc"ined: 9ui"ding6rammar3 uage3 and Sty"e into &riter' &or$(o#.6rammar3 uage3 and Sty"e into &riter' &or$(o#.aine6 Stenho!se P!$lishers.aine6 Stenho!se P!$lishers.

% <oyt0 L. Therria!lt0 T. ABBM.<oyt0 L. Therria!lt0 T. ABBM. Matering t(eMatering t(eMec(anic: Ready7to7e eon for Mode"ed3 6uided3Mec(anic: Ready7to7e eon for Mode"ed3 6uided3and Inde#endent Editing.and Inde#endent Editing. =e2 Nor"6 Scholastic=e2 Nor"6 Scholastic

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Teaching Grammar in Context CAT