Technical Information Selection of materials

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Technical Information

Selection of materials

1 Available materials:

2 PVC-U

7 PVC-C

11 ABS

15 Polypropylene

23 Polyethylene

29 PVDF

33 Selection guidelines

34 Chemical resistance

39 Pressure limitations

45 Pressure and temperature

46 Plastics for compressed air or gases


Selection of materials Available materials1.

2. PVC-U: Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride

General properties of PVC-U

There are six thermoplastic materials in common use for pressure piping systems:

- PVC-U (Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride) - PVC-C (Post-chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) - ABS (Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene) - PP (Polypropylene) - PE (Polyethylene) - PVDF(Polyvinylidene Fluoride)

In addition, developments in raw material formulation has provided new variations of some of these materials with specifically enhanced properties, such as flame retardency or electrical conductivity. The following pages provide more detailed information on each material and on the range of products that are available.

Unplasticised Polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) is one of the oldest and most widely used plastics for piping systems worldwide. It is a highly versatile material that is used for both pressure and drainage piping systems for above and below ground applications. It is an amorphous thermoplastic material with good tensile, flexural and mechanicalstrength, low moisture absorption, good flammability characteristics, and exceptional dimensional stability. PVC-U has excellent chemical resistance across its operating temperature range of 0°C to 60°C, with a broad band of operating pressures. In addition, because of its long term strength characteristics, high stiffness and costeffectiveness, PVC-U systems typically account for a large proportion of thermoplastic piping installations. Consequently, PVC-U systems feature the widest range of pipe sizes, fitting configurations, valves choices andancillary items compared to all other thermoplastic piping materials. PVC-U piping systems are joined by solvent cement welding, whilst transition joints can be made using flanges,threaded connections, mechanical fittings, and compression fittings. PVC-U piping systems are available from IPS in both inch and metric dimensions, according to BS, ASTM and ISO standards. Systems are available in inch sizes up to 24', and metric sizes up to 630mm. Pipes, fittings and valvesare available in grey, white and clear PVC-U.

PVC-U exhibits thermal stability in the temperature range 0°C to 60°C, however at low temperatures the impact strength of PVC-U decreases. It is therefore not recommended for use at very low temperatures unless there is no likelihood of the piping materials being disturbed or subjected to impact damage. PVC-U is free from toxic metals thus ensuring that it is physiologicallyharmless for drinking water and foodstuffs applications. Some important advantages of PVC-U are: - Extensive choice of component parts - Wide range of applications - Good chemical and corrosion resistance - Safe for potable water applications - Low friction loss - Self extinguishing - High mechanical strength - Simplified installation techniques using solvent cement welding - Approved for potable water applications


Selection of materials PVC-U: Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride

Materials

Chemical resistance

Weathering resistance

Electrical characteristics

Physiological characteristics

PVC-U piping systems are produced without plasticizers and fillers, however for injection moulding purposes lubricants are added to assist in the production of complex parts, and to combat the effects of UV light, stabilisersare added. PVC-U is produced by the polymerisation of vinylchloride, a gaseous monomer. Technical products manufactured from PVC-U can have a monomer content of 0.1ppm, which is considerably less than the specified limits. Owing to the high chlorine content of PVC-U, it does not support combustion after removal of a flame, and thus PVC-U fallsinto the class V-0 according to UL94.

PVC-U displays excellent chemical resistance to a wide variety of commonly encountered industrial chemicals, such as acids, bases and salt solutions. Resistance to sodium hypochlorite solutions is also very good. PVC-U is not resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, solvents, esters and ketones. The chemical resistance of PVC-U should be checked with our technical department for applications involving varnish, oils or fats, and PVC-U is not recommended for use with compressed air or gases. For guidance on the suitability of PVC-U for yourapplication, consult the chemical resistance tables or our technical department.

With the use of additives such as ultraviolet absorbers, PVC-U systems display excellent weathering resistance to the long-term effects of sunlight, wind and rain. Over time, grey PVC-U will lose some of its colour because of exposure to UV light, and it will have slightly reduced impact strength. In extreme cases, the use of insulation or an application of a UV absorbent coating such as AGRU Coat, or the use of a water or latex based paint will help to minimise the effects of solar radiation. Solvent based paints should not be used on PVC-U piping. For outdoor installations, or where the aesthetic appearance of the piping system is important, a fully matched system ofUV stabilised white PVC pipes and fittings is also available.

PVC-U is non-conductive, therefore systems will remain free from electrolytic corrosion. Precautions should be taken to avoid static discharge should any part of a PVC-U piping system pass through an area where explosive gasesmay be present.

PVC-U piping systems from IPS are free from lead, cadmium or other poisonous heavy metals. They are suitable foruse in contact with cold potable water, and are WRAS listed for this application.

Properties of PVC-U (Average values)PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakImpact StrengthModulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus)Coefficient of Linear Expansion Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Operating Temperature Vicat Softening Point Water Absorption Surface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour 3000

Vlaue1.3855> 30No crack30000.08600> 76< 4Approx. 100.140v-07011 Dark Grey

Unitg / cm³N / mm²%kJ / m² (23°C)N / mm / m²mm / m °C°C°C°C(VST / B 50)mg / cm³Ωw ⁄ m · KULRAL


Selection of materials PVC-U: Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride

Pressure ratings for PVC-U pipe, fittings and valves

Pressure ratings for PVC-U pipe, fittings and valves (25 years of operation with design factor of 2.5 for metric and 2.1 for imperial incorporated)

P - Permissible Pressure in barT - Temperature in °C

For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the pressure ratings for PVC-U pipes, fittings and valves.The pressure rating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department before installation.

Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for PVC-U piping materials areshown in the following diagram:

ProductPVC-U Pipes Class C PVC-U Pipes Class D PVC-U Pipes Class E PVC-U Pipes Sch 40 PVC-U Pipes Sch 80 PVC-U Pipes PN10 PVC-U Pipes PN16 PVC-U Standard Inch Fittings PVC-U Industrial Inch Fittings PVC-U Standard Metric Fittings PVC-U Industrial Metric Fittings PVC-U Ball Valves PVC-U Diaphragm ValvesPVC-U Butterfly Valves

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

* Pressure rating dependant on diameter

Size2" - 24"1 ¼"- 18"3/8" - 16"1/8" - 16"1/8" - 18"25mm - 500mm12mm - 400mm3/8" - 24"1/8 " - 24"20mm - 400mm12mm - 500mm3/8" - 16mm - 6" / 160mm1/8" - 20mm - 8" - 200mm1½" / 50mm - 12" / 315mm

Pressure Rating at 20°C 9.0 bar12.0 bar15.0 bar55.5 bar - 9.0 bar 84.5 bar - 15.2 bar10.0 bar16.0 bar15.0 bar - 6.0 bar15.0 bar - 10.0 bar10.0 bar - 6.0 bar16.0 bar - 6.0 bar16.0 bar - 10.0 bar10.0 bar - 5.0 bar10.0 bar

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

PN16

PN16

PN10

PN10

CLASS E

CLASS ECLASS DCLASS C

T

P

CLASS D

CLASS C


Selection of materials PVC-U pipe availability: inch sizes

ASTM D 2241 ASTM D 1785 BS EN 1452 / BS 3505

ClassColour

1/8”

1/4”

3/8”

1/2”

3/4”

1”

1”1/4”

1”1/2”

2”

21/2”

3”

3”1/2”

4”

5”

6”

8”

10”

12”

14”

16”

18”

20”

24”

O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)

21.31.6

21.70.2

10.31.7

55.50.1

13.72.2

53.80.1

17.12.3

42.80.2

21.32.8

41.40.2

26.72.9

33.10.3

10.32.4

84.50.1

13.73.0

77.90.2

17.13.2

63.50.2

17.11.9

15.00.1

21.32.1

15.00.2

26.72.5

15.00.2

33.42.7

15.00.3

42.23.2

15.00.5

48.33.7

15.00.7

60.34.5

15.01.0

75.0* 5.6

16.01.8

88.96.5

15.02.2

21.34.0

12.00.3

26.74.2

12.00.7

33.44.8

12.00.5

42.25.2

12.00.7

48.35.5

12.00.9

60.36.0

12.01.4

88.94.2

12.00.4

114.38.3

15.03.6

140.0*10.115.05.5

168.212.215.07.9

219.114.115.012.1

273.017.515.018.8

323.920.815.026.5

355.622.815.031.9

406.426.015.041.2

42.22.7

12.00.4

48.33.0

12.00.5

60.33.7

12.00.8

88.95.3

12.01.8

114.36.8

12.03.0

140.0*8.3

12.04.5

168.39.9

12.06.5

219.111.612.010.0

273.014.312.015.5

323.917.012.021.8

355.618.612.026.3

406.421.112.034.2

457.223.812.043.3

60.33.09.00.7

75.0*3.6

10.01.2

88.94.19.01.4

114.35.29.02.3

140.0*6.39.03.5

168.37.59.05.0

219.18.89.07.7

273.010.99.0

11.9

323.92.99.0

16.8355.614.19.0

20.1406.416.29.0

26.4457.218.29.0

33.3508.020.29.0

41.2

609.624.19.0

59.3

* DIN 8061/2

609.615.76.0

38.6

88.93.16.01.2

114.33.66.01.8

140.0*4.06.02.5

168.34.86.03.4

219.15.66.05.3

273.07.06.08.2

323.98.26.0

11.5355.6

9.06.0

13.4406.410.26.0

17.9457.211.96.0

21.8508.013.26.0

26.9

21.33.7

58.60.3

26.73.9

47.60.4

33.43.4

31.00.5

42.23.6

25.50.6

48.33.7

22.80.8

60.33.9

19.31.0

73.05.2

20.71.6

88.95.5

17.92.1

101.65.7

16.62.5

114.36.0

15.23.0

141.36.6

13.14.1

168.37.1

12.45.3

219.18.2

11.07.9

273.09.39.7

11.2323.910.39.0

14.8355.611.19.0

17.6406.412.79.0

23.0

33.44.5

43.50.6

42.24.9

35.90.8

48.35.1

32.41.0

60.35.5

27.61.4

73.07.0

29.02.1

88.97.6

25.52.8

101.68.1

24.13.5

114.38.6

22.14.2

141.39.5

20.05.8

168.311.019.37.9

21.34.3

70.00.3

26.74.3

53.30.4

33.45.1

49.50.7

42.25.5

41.00.9

48.35.7

37.01.1

60.36.4

32.51.6

73.07.6

32.12.3

88.98.9

30.63.3

114.311.129.75.3

168.314.325.610.1

219.112.716.612.0

273.015.115.917.8

323.917.515.924.5

355.619.115.229.6

406.412.715.237.9

457.223.815.247.5

26.71.5

13.80.2

33.41.5

11.00.3

42.21.6

11.00.3

48.31.9

11.00.4

48.32.3

13.80.5

60.32.9

13.80.8

60.32.3

11.00.6

73.02.8

11.00.9

88.93.4

11.01.4

101.63.9

11.01.8

101.64.8

13.82.2

114.35.4

13.82.7

114.34.4

11.02.2

141.35.4

11.03.4

141.36.7

13.84.2

168.36.5

11.04.8

168.38.0

13.85.9

355.613.711.021.5

406.415.611.028.1

457.217.611.035.6

508.019.511.044.0

609.623.411.063.4

457.211.26.9

23.5

508.012.46.9

28.2609.614.96.9

40.76

219.110.413.810.0

273.013.013.815.5

219.18.4

11.08.2

273.010.511.012.7

323.912.511.017.8

88.94.2

13.81.7

73.03.5

13.81.1

42.22.0

13.80.4

33.41.6

13.80.3

O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)

O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)

SDR 41 SDR 26 SDR 21 SDR 13.5White White White White Wh&Grey Grey Grey Grey Grey Grey Grey Grey

Sch 40 Sch 80 Sch 120 Class B Class C Class D Class E Class 7


Selection of materials PVC-U pipe availability: mm sizes

EN 1452 DIN 8016 / 2

Type

12mm

16mm

20mm

25mm

32mm

40mm

50mm

63mm

75mm

90mm

110mm

125mm

140mm

160mm

180mm

200mm

225mm

250mm

280mm

315mm

400mm

500mm

630mm


50.01.56.06.5

63.01.96.00.6

75.02.26.00.8

90.02.76.01.2

110.22.76.01.4

125.03.16.01.8

140.03.56.02.3

160.04.06.03.0

180.04.46.03.0

200.04.96.04.6

225.05.56.05.8

250.06.26.07.4

280.06.96.09.1

315.07.76.0

11.5400.0

9.86.0

18.6500.012.36.0

29.4630.015.46.0

41.0

40.01.57.50.3

50.01.67.50.5

63.02.07.50.6

75.02.37.50.8

90.02.87.51.2

110.03.27.51.7

125.03.77.52.2

140.04.17.52.7

160.04.77.54.5

180.05.37.54.5

200.05.97.55.6

225.06.67.57.0

250.07.37.58.7

280.08.27.5

10.9315.0

9.27.5

13.7400.011.77.5

22.2500.014.67.5

34.9630.018.47.5

49.0

32.01.6

10.00.3

40.01.9

10.00.4

50.02.4

10.00.6

63.03.0

10.30.9

75.03.6

10.01.3

90.04.3

10.01.8

10.04.2

10.02.1

125.04.8

10.02.8

140.05.4

10.03.5

160.06.2

10.04.6

180.06.9

10.05.7

200.07.7

10.07.1

225.08.6

10.08.9

250.09.6

10.011.0

280.010.710.013.8

315.012.110.017.5

400.015.310.027.7

500.019.110.041.3

630.024.110.064.2

25.01.5

12.50.2

32.01.9

12.50.3

40.02.4

12.50.5

50.03.0

12.50.7

63.03.8

12.51.1

75.04.5

12.51.6

90.05.1

12.52.3

110.05.3

12.52.7

125.06.0

12.53.4

140.06.7

12.54.3

160.07.7

12.55.7

180.08.6

12.57.1

200.09.6

12.58.8

225.010.812.511.1

250.011.912.513.6

280.013.412.517.3

315.015.012.521.7

400.019.112.534.5

500.023.912.551.7

630.030.012.579.9

40.01.86.00.4

50.01.86.00.4

63.01.96.00.6

75.02.26.00.8

90.02.76.01.1

110.03.26.01.6

125.03.76.02.1

140.04.16.02.7

160.04.76.03.4

180.05.36.04.4

200.05.96.05.4

225.06.66.05.4

250.07.36.08.3

280.08.26.0

10.2315.0

9.26.0

13.2400.011.76.0

19.6500.014.66.0

31.6630.018.46.0

49.0

25.01.5

10.00.2

32.01.8

10.00.3

40.01.9

10.00.4

50.02.4

10.00.6

63.03.0

10.00.6

75.03.6

10.01.2

90.04.3

10.01.8

110.05.3

10.02.6

125.06.0

10.03.3

140.06.7

10.04.2

160.07.7

10.05.5

180.08.6

10.06.9

200.09.6

10.08.5

225.010.810.010.8

250.011.910.013.2

280.013.410.016.6

315.015.010.020.9

400.019.110.031.7

500.023.910.051.7

12.01.0

16.00.1

16.01.2

16.00.1

20.01.5

16.00.1

25.01.9

16.00.2

32.02.4

16.00.3

40.03.0

16.00.5

50.03.7

16.00.8

63.04.7

16.01.3

75.05.6

16.01.8

90.06.7

16.02.6

110.08.2

16.03.9

125.09.3

16.05.0

140.010.416.06.3

160.011.916.08.2

180.013.416.010.4

200.014.916.013.2

225.016.716.016.1

250.018.016.020.6

280.020.816.025.8

315.023.416.032.6

400.029.716.049.3

12.01.4

20.00.1

16.01.8

20.00.1

20.02.3

20.00.2

25.02.8

20.00.3

32.03.6

20.00.5

40.04.5

20.00.8

50.05.6

20.01.2

63.07.0

20.01.8

75.08.4

20.02.6

90.010.020.03.7

110.012.320.05.6

20.01.5

16.00.1

25.01.9

16.00.2

32.02.4

16.00.3

40.03.0

16.00.5

50.03.7

16.00.8

63.04.7

16.01.3

75.05.6

16.0

1.9

90.06.7

16.02.7

110.06.6

16.03.2

125.07.4

16.04.1

140.0.3

16.05.2

160.09.5

16.06.7

180.010.716.08.5

200.011.916.010.5

225.013.416.013.4

250.014.816.016.2

280.016.616.020.6

315.018.716.026.1

400.023.716.039.3

500.029.716.064.3

12.01.5

20.00.1

16.01.5

20.00.1

20.01.9

20.00.2

25.02.3

20.00.2

32.02.9

20.00.4

40.03.7

20.00

50.04.6

20.01.0

63.05.8

20.01.7

75.06.8

20.02.3

90.08.2

20.0

3.2

110.08.1

20.04.0

125.09.0

20.05.1

140.010.320.06.4

160.011.820.08.4

180.013.320.310.6

200.014.720.013.0

225.016.620.016.6

250.018.420.020.1

280.020.620.025.6

315.023.220.032.3

400.029.420.048.8

500.036.820.079.6

75.01.84.00.6

90.01.84.00.8

110.02.04.01.2

125.02.54.01.5

140.02.84.01.8

160.03.04.0

2.4

180.03.64.03.0

200.04.04.03.7

225.04.54.04.7

250.04.94.05.7

315.06.24.09.0


O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)

PN 6 PN 7.5 PN 10 PN 12.5 PN 16 PN 20 PN 4 PN 6 PN 10 PN 16 PN 20


Selection of materials PVC-C: Post-Chlorinated Polyvinly Chloride 7.

General Properties of PVC-C

Post-chlorinated Polyvinylchloride (PVC-C is a highly versatile material that has been used for both pressure and drainage piping systems for above and below ground applications for more than forty years. It is an amorphous thermoplastic material with good tensile, flexural and mechanical strength, low moisture absorption, goodflammability characteristics, exceptional dimensional stability and good tenacity.

PVC-C also has excellent chemical resistance across its operating temperature range of 0°C to 90°C, with a broad band of operating pressures. In addition, because of its long-term strength characteristics, high stiffness and costeffectiveness, PVC-C systems are suitable for a wide diversity of thermoplastic piping installations.

PVC-C systems feature a broad range of pipe sizes, fitting configurations, valve choices and ancillary itemscompared to other thermoplastic piping materials. PVC-C piping systems are joined by solvent cement welding, whilst transition joints can be made using flanges,threaded connections, mechanical fittings, and compression fittings. Hidro Plast supplies a comprehensive range of PVC-C piping systems in inch dimensions according to ASTM standards.

PVC-C exhibits thermal stability in the temperature range 5°C to 100°C, however at low temperatures the impact strength of PVC-C decreases. It is therefore not recommended for use at very low temperatures unless there is no likelihood of the piping materials being disturbed or subjected to impact damage. PVC-C is free from toxic metalsthus ensuring that it is physiologically harmless for drinking water and foodstuffs applications.

Some important advantages of PVC-C are: - Low Specific weight 1.5 g/cm³ - Wide range of applications - Good chemical and corrosion resistance - Safe for potable water applications - Low friction loss - Self extinguishing - High mechanical strength - Low coefficient of thermal expansion - Rigid and requires less support


Selection of materials PVC-C: Post-Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Materials

Chemical resistance




PVC-C piping systems are produced without plasticizers and fillers, however for injection moulding purposes lubricants are added to assist in the production of complex parts, and to combat the effects of UV light, stabilisersare added. PVC-C is created when PVC homopolymer undergoes a chlorinating reaction resulting in additional chlorine atoms on the base atom. Owing to the high chlorine content of PVC-C, it does not support combustion after removal of a flame, and thus PVC-C falls into the class V-0 according to UL94. This material meets FMRC 4910 clean rooms materials flammability test protocol.

PVC-C displays excellent chemical resistance to a variety of commonly encountered industrial chemicals, such as acids, bases and salt solutions. Resistance to sodium hypochlorite solutions is also very good. PVC-C is not resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, solvents, esters and ketones. The chemical resistance of PVC-C should be checked with our technical department for applications involving varnish, oils or fats, and PVC-C is not recommended for use with compressed air or gases. For information on the suitability of PVC-C for yourapplication, consult the chemical resistance tables or our technical department.

With the use of additives such as ultraviolet absorbers, PVC-C systems display excellent weathering resistance to the long-term effects of sunlight, wind and rain. Over time, grey PVC-C will lose some of its colour because of exposure to UV light and it will have slightly reduced impact strength. In extreme cases, the use of insulation or an application of UV absorbent coating such as AGRU Coat or the use of a water based paint will help to minimise theeffects of solar radiation.

PVC-C is non-conductive therefore systems will remain free from electrolytic corrosion. Precautions should be taken to avoid static discharge should any part of a PVC-C piping system pass through an area where explosive gasesmay be present.

PVC-C piping systems from IPS are free from lead, cadmium or other poisonous heavy metals. They are suitable for use in contact with cold potable water, and are WRAS listed for this application.

Properties of PVC-C (Average values)PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakImpact StrengthModulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus)Coefficient of Linear Expansion Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Operating Temperature Vicat Softening Point Water Absorption Surface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour

Vlaue1.5555308025000.07900> 1050.03Approx. 1013

0.066v-0Light Grey

Unitg / cm³N / mm²%J / m (23°C)N / mm²mm / m °C°C°C°C(VST / B 50)%Ωw ⁄ m · KUL


Selection of materials PVC-C: Post-Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Pressure ratings for PVC-C pipe, fittings and valves

Application limits of pipes and fittings made of PVC-C (25 years of operation with design factor of 2.1 incorporated)


For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the pressure ratings for PVC-C pipes, fittings and valves. The pressure rating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department before installation. The test requirements of ASTM standards for PVC-C pipes and fittings require minimum burst pressure ratings to be achieved. Consequently, in comparison to other materials, the pressure rating of PVC-C pipes and fittings can appear to be unusually high. Care should be taken to ensure that PVC-C systems are engineered in such a way thatthe pressure rating of the lowest rated component in the system is not exceeded.

Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for PVC-C piping materials areshown in the following diagram:

ProductPVC-C Sch 40 pipePVC-C Sch 80 pipePVC-C Fabricated FittingsPVC-C Moulded FittingsPVC-C Moulded Fittings PVC-C Ball ValvesPVC-C Ball Valves PVC-C Butterfly Valves PVC-C Diaphragm Valves

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Size1 ¼"- 12"1 ¼"- 16"4” - 16"1 ¼"- 8"10" - 12"½” - 2”2½” - 6”1½ - 12”1½ - 8”

Pressure Rating at 20°C 53 bar - 9 bar78 bar - 15 bar10 bar16 bar10 bar16 bar10 bar10 bar16 bar - 5 bar

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

PN16

PN16

PN10

PN10

T

P


Selection of materials PVC-C pipe availability: inch sizes

ASTM F441

ClassColour

1/4”

3/8”

1/2”

3/4”

1”

1”1/4”

1”1/2”

2”

21/2”

3”

3”1/2”

4”

5”

6”

8”

10”

12”

14”

16”

18”

20”

24”



O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)

Vent Pipe *Grey Grey Grey

Sch 40 Sch 80

168.34.7-

3.8219.14.7-

5.0273.04.7-

6.2

323.94.7-

7.4355.64.7-

8.2406.44.7-

9.4457.24.7-

11.3508.05.6-

13.6609.66.4-

18.7

13.72.253.80.117.12.342.80.221.32.841.40.326.72.933.10.433.43.431.00.542.23.625.50.748.33.722.80.960.33.919.31.173.05.220.71.888.95.517.92.3

101.65.716.62.8

114.36.015.23.3

168.37.112.45.9

219.18.211.08.9

273.09.39.712.6323.910.39.014.8355.611.19.016.7406.412.79.0

27.1

457.214.39.034.2

13.73.077.90.217.13.263.50.221.33.758.60.326.73.947.60.533.44.543.50.742.24.935.90.948.35.132.41.160.35.527.61.673.07.029.02.488.97.625.53.2

101.68.124.14.1

114.38.622.14.6

168.311.019.38.8

219.112.716.613.5273.015.115.920.0323.917.515.927.5355.619.115.233.1406.421.415.242.6457.223.815.255.8

* Harvel Plastics PVC-C vent pipe is manufactured fromraw material with a cell classification of 23437 as defined in ASTM 01784. This material meets the FMRC 4910 CleanRoom Materials Flammability Test protocol.


Selection of materials ABS: Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene 11.

General Properties of ABS

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) has been manufactured as a pressure piping system for more than 30 years, and it is a widely used versatile material that can also be found in car parts, household goods, DIY tools as well asthermoplastic piping. ABS is a copolymer of Styrene and Acrylonitrile grafted to Polybutadiene. The chemical resistance of Acrylonitrile, added to the impact strength of Butadiene, combined with the processing properties of Styrene, produce andhomogenous material with chemical resistance, ductility and tensile strength. The Butadiene content of ABS provides exceptional resistance to impact damage at temperatures as low as -40°C and up to 70°C. ABS offers good abrasion resistance to aggressive slurries, and its smooth bore allows high flowvelocities whilst inhibiting the formation of scale. ABS piping systems are joined by solvent cement welding, whilst transition joints can be made using flanges,threaded connections, mechanical fittings, and compression fittings. ABS piping systems are available from IPS in both inch and metric dimensions, according to BS and ISO standards. Systems are available in inch sizes from 3/8" to 12" and metric sizes from 16mm to 315mm. ABS products are midgrey in colour in accordance with BS5252.

With the benefit of low temperature handling characteristics down to -40°C, ABS is used extensively for applications in conditioning and chilled water piping systems. Another key benefit is the high impact strength of the material, making ABS ideal for piping systems in exposed situations where potential damage may occur. ABS does not contain metallic stabilizers making it physiologically harmless andtherefore suitable for use with food and water applications.

Some of the important advantages of ABS are: - Low specific weight 1.04g/cm³ - Wide range of applications - Good chemical and corrosion resistance - Safe for potable water applications - High impact strength at low temperatures - Good abrasion resistance


Selection of materials ABS: Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene Materials

Chemical resistance




ABS piping systems are produced without any harmful additives, making it a material that is ideally suited for food and water applications, including soft drinks, medical preparations and potable water. ABS is especially suitable for a wide range of applications at low temperatures, while in addition the low thermal conductivity of the material (0.2W/m°C) makes this piping material ideally suited to temperature sensitive applications, such as refrigerationand chilled water systems.

ABS displays good chem bases. ABS is not resist chlorinated and aromatic cal resistance to a wide range of chemicals including salt solutions, and most dilute acids and ant to concentrated mineral acids, organic acids and solvents such as esters, ketones and hydrocarbons. For detailed guidance on the chemical resistance of ABS,consult the chemical resistance tables or our technical department.

Over time, ABS will suffer some loss of properties when exposed to UV light. The surface of the material will lose shine and experience some colour change. In extreme cases, the use of insulation or an application of a UV absorbent coating such as AGRU Coat, or the use of a water based paint will help to minimise the effects of solarradiation.

ABS is non-conductive therefore systems will remain free from electrolytic corrosion. Precautions should be taken to avoid static discharge should any part of a ABS piping system pass through an area where explosive gases maybe present.

ABS piping systems from IPS are free from lead, cadmium or other poisonous heavy metals. They are suitable foruse in contact with cold potable water, and are WRAS listed for this application.

Properties of PVC-C (Average values)PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakImpact StrengthModulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus)Coefficient of Linear Expansion Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Operating Temperature Vicat Softening Point Water Absorption Surface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour

Vlaue1.03> 737> 104421000.170-4090> 1Approx. 1013

0.170HB7001 Light Grey

Unitg / cm³N / mm²%kJ m² (23°C)N/mm²mm/m °C°C°C°C(VST / B 50)%Ωw ⁄ m · KULRAL


Selection of materials ABS: Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene Pressure ratings for ABS pipe, fittings and valves

Application limits of pipes and fittings made of ABS(25 years of operation with design factor of 2.1 incorporated)


For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the pressure ratings for ABS pipes, fittings and valves. Thepressure rating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department before installation.

Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for ABS piping material areshown in the following diagram:

ProductABS Class B PipeABS Class C PipeABS Class D PipeABS Class E PipeABS Class B FittingsABS Class C FittingsABS Class D FittingsABS Class E FittingsABS Metric Pipe & FittingsABS Metric Pipe & FittingsABS Ball ValvesABS Ball ValvesABS Valves (other types)

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Size10"- 12"3/8"- 8"3/8"- 6"3/8"- 4"10” - 12"2½",5" and 8"6"3/8" - 4"16mm-250mm315mm3/8 / 16mm-2" / 63mm2½" / 75mm-4" / 110mm3/8 / 16mm-12" / 315mm

Pressure Rating at 20°C 6 bar9 bar12 bar15 bar6 bar9 bar12 bar15 bar10 bar8 bar16 bar10 bar10 bar or 6 bar

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

Class E

Class D

Class C

Class B

PN10

Class E

Class D

Class CClass B

PN10

T

P


Selection of materials ABS pipe availability: inch sizes

Inch Sizes Bs 5391 Metric Sizes ISO 161

ClassColour

3/8”

1/2”

3/4”

1”

11/4”

1”1/2”

2”

21/2”

3”

4”

5”

6”

8”

10”

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

125

140

160

200

225

250

31512”


O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)

O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)

O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)

ClassColourO.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)

O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)




2509.76

10.2031512.2

614.20


273.012.1

610.2323.913.1

614.17

PN10Grey161.410

0.07201.510

0.10251.810

0.15322.010

0.22402.510

0.34503.210

0.52634.010

0.8375.04.710

1.15905.710

1.671106.910

2.471257.910

0.181408.810

1.0216010.010

5.2720012.510

8.1422514.110

10.3525015.710

12.6531519.710

20.08

PN6Grey

BGrey

CGrey

DGrey

EGrey

TGrey

33.62.09

0.2242.22.59

0.3448.32.89

0.4560.33.69

0.7075.25.09

1.3588.95.29

1.48114.36.79

2.48

17.11.715

0.0921.42.015

0.1426.72.515

0.2133.43.115

0.5248.34.515

0.6860.35.615

1.06

88.98.315

2.28114.310.615

3.76

17.13.512

0.1621.43.612

0.2226.73.612

0.2933.44.312

0.4442.25.312

0.8760.37.212

1.31

219.112.7

99.53

140.29.29

4.65168.39.99

5.47

168.37.112.45.3


Selection of materials PP: Polypropylene 15.

General properties of polypropylene (standard types)

Polypropylene (PP) is a partially-crystalline thermoplastic from the polyolefin group of materials, and it is characterized by its low density when compared to other thermoplastics. A unique combination of properties including mechanical strength, chemical resistance and thermal stability all combine to make polypropylene one ofthe most popular piping systems materials. In accordance with DIN 8078, there are three different types of polypropylene that are referenced for use as pipingmaterials:

Type 1: PP-H (Homopolymer) Type 2: PP-B (Block -copolymer) Type 3: PP-R (Random copolymer) The pipes, sheets and semi-finished products supplied by IPS are manufactured from nucleoid PP-H 100 (Beta 13-PP), whilst fittings are produced from PP-R (polypropylene random copolymer).

In comparison to other thermoplastics such as PVC-U, polypropylene exhibits thermal stability up to 100°C (short-term 120°C for drainage systems). Polypropylene also shows good impact strength in comparison to PVC-U,with impact strength improving along with increasing temperature.

Polypropylene is physiologically non-toxic (in accordance with ONORM B5014, Part 1, FDA, BGA, and KTWguidelines) making it ideally suited for a piping material in contact with potable water.

Because of its non-polar nature, polypropylene generally exhibits a good resistance against a variety of chemicals, such as salts, acids, and alkalis. Good chemical resistance is also achieved against contact with solvents, such as alcohols, esters and ketenes’. Consequently, solvent cement welding of polypropylene pipes andfittings is not possible. In contrast, polypropyler of welding techniques FC High quality, reliable join heating element socket element butt fusion wail (IR) butt welding, and el techniques. Additionally, be joined using flanges, mechanicalcouplings. Le is ideally suited to a variety) r pressure piping applications. It can be achieved using fusion jointing, heating ding, non-contact Infra-Red ectrofusion welding polypropylene systems can threaded connections and Polypropylene piping systems are available from IPS in metric dimensions according to DIN 8077/8078 and DIN16962.

Some important advantages of polypropylene are: - Low specific weight of 0.91g/cm' - High long term creep resistance - Excellent chemical resistance - High resistance to thermal ageing - Outstanding welding characteristics - Excellent abrasion resistance - Smooth internal surfaces


Selection of materials PP: Polypropylene MaterialsA process that involves copolymerizing with ethylene creates the special properties of PP-B and PP-R. This leads to higher impact strength in comparison to PP-H and improved processing characteristics (for example less dangerof shrinkage cavitations occurring during the injection molding process). The demands of industry have also created the need for special versions of polypropylene piping systems to be produced. For example, electro-conductive polypropylene has been developed to dissipate the static charges canresult from the flow of fluids or dust in a piping system. With the supplement of additives, modification of the general properties of polypropylene takes place, however because of these alterations, changes to the mechanical and chemical resistance properties occur when compared to the original material. When considering a special grade of polypropylene, it is therefore necessary toclarify the suitability of the intended application with our technical department. Some of the special polypropylene piping systems is as follows:

PP Pure PP-R (High purity grade Polypropylene random copolymer) Selected and fully traceable raw materials are manufactured under strictly controlled conditions. This material is ideal for less critical ultra-pure waterapplications.

Polypure PP-R: Natural (Polypropylene random copolymer, natural coloured) As natural PP-R contains no colour

PP-R: Black (Polypropylene random copolymer, black coloured) This material provides the UV resistance that is not available with standard PP grey.

PPs (Polypropylene homo-Polymer, flame-retardant)Due to its higher stiffness, is ideally suited for ventilation pipes. The flame-retardant properties enhance the materialof this application. Note that this material may not be used outdoors, as it is not UV stabilized.

PPs-el (Polypropylener random copolymer flame-retardant, electro-conductive) This material combines the benefits of flame retardant properties and electro-conductivity. It can be used forreasons in the transport of combustible material

Properties of Polypropylene (standard types - average values)

PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakNotched Impact Strength at 23°CNotched Impact Strength at -30°CModulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus)Coefficient of liner ExpansionMaximum Operating TemperatureMinimum Operating Temperature Crystalline Melting TemperatureMelt Flow IndexSurface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour

PP-HVlaue0.9130>30050513000.1690-10160-1650.50>1013

0.22HB7023 Beige Grey

PP-RVlaue0.9125>3002529000.1690-10150-1540.50>1013

0.24HB7023 Beige Grey

Unitg / cm³MPa%kJ/ m²kJ/ m²MPa mm/m °C°C°C°Cg/10minΩw ⁄ m · KULRAL


Selection of materials PP: Polypropylene Chemical resistanceThe chemical resistance of polypropylene is considered excellent, due to its non-polar nature. It is resistant to dilute (aqueous) solutions of salts, acids and alkalis and to a large number of organic solvents. Polypropylene is resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, however above certain concentration levels diffusion can occur. This does not damage the material itself but it can cause secondary damage to surrounding steel constructions. In this type of application, double containment piping systems have been found ideally suited. For further information on the suitability of polypropylene for your application, consult the chemical resistance tables orour technical department. Note: PP-R and Copper: Direct contact between PP-R and copper, especially at higher temperatures, can lead todeterioration of the physical properties of PP-R. Heat ageing is faster due to the accelerated thermal oxidization.

Weathering resistance Piping systems in beige grey polypropylene are not UV stabilised, and therefore they should be suitably protected against degradation when used outdoors - especially where there are high UV levels. Protection against direct solar radiation can be achieved by the application of a UV absorbent coating such as AGRU Coat, or by adding a layer of insulation. It is also possible to compensate for the surface damage that may arise by increasing the wall thickness of the piping system. In such cases, the additional wall thickness should be not less than 2mm. As polypropylene does not contain light stable colour pigments, it may experience a change of colour (fading)because of long-term weathering.

Physiological characteristics Polypropylene piping systems from IPS are physiologically non-toxic (in accordance with ONORM B5014, Part 1,DA, BGA, and KTW guidelines) making them ideally suited as a piping material in contact with potable water.

Characteristics of PP-Pure material PP-Pure piping is manufactured from a high purity grade of random copolymer polpropylene (PP-R in beige grey colour. The manufacturing process is carried out under controlled conditions, and the finished product is rinsed with de-ionised water before protective packaging. PP-Pure is especially suitable for applications in the chemical and inthe semiconductor industry for ultra-pure water systems, where it may be substituted for PVDF in less critical areas. The performance characteristics of PP-Pure are broadly similar to those of standard grades of polypropylene, therefore it is possible to reference the application and installation guidelines contained in this document. However to achieve the highest levels of performance it is recommended that welding be carried out using the Infra-Red (IR) non-contact butt fusion welding method. This method consistently produces the smallest weld profile and the welddetails are computer recorded, enabling complete traceability from raw material to installed system.

Characteristics of Polypure material Polypure is manufactured from a standard grade of random copolymer polpropylene (PP-R without heat stabilizers and therefore it is natural in colour. Polypure is therefore suitable for applications handling high purity liquids. Polypure may be joined using any of the standard polypropylene fusion welding methods. However for best resultsit is recommended to use Infra-Red (IR) non-contact butt fusion welding method. The performance of Polypure against chemicals is broadly similar to standard grades of polypropylene. However it is recommended that it is installed for use at temperatures only up to 50°C. At higher temperatures a discolorationof the material appears although this has no effect on the mechanical, thermal and/or electrical properties.


Selection of materials PP: Polypropylene Pressure ratings for polypropylene pipe, fittings and valves For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the available pressure ratings for polypropylene pipes and fittings. Valves are available in a variety of types, including ball, diaphragm and butterfly. The pressure rating is dependant upon the size and type and is typically within the range 6 bar (87 psi) to 10 bar (145 psi). The pressurerating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department before installation.

ProductPP-H Pipes S - 20 / SDR41PP-H Pipes S - 16 / SDR33PP-H Pipes S - 12.5 / SDR26PP-H Pipes S - 8.3 / SDR17.6PP-H Pipes S - 5 / SDR11PP-H Pipes S - 3.2 / SDR7.4PP-R Pipes S - 5 / SDR11PP-R Socket Fusion FittingsPP-R Butt Fusion Fittings S - 16 / SDR33PP-R Butt Fusion Fittings S - 8.3 / SDR17.6PP-R Butt Fusion Fittings S - 5 / SDR11PP-H Electro-Fusion FittingsPP-R Ball ValvesPP-R Ball ValvesPP-R Ball Diaphragm ValvesPP-R Ball Butterfly ValvesPP-R Ball Butterfly Valves

Size63mm - 1400mm50mm - 1200mm40mm - 1000mm20mm - 710mm16mm - 500mm12mm - 160mm20mm - 315mm20mm - 110mm110mm - 500mm50mm - 500mm20mm - 500mm20mm - 225mm16mm - 75mm90mm - 110mm20mm - 110mm90mm - 140mm160mm - 225mm

Pressure Rating at 20°C 1.5 bar3.2 bar4.0 bar6.0 bar10.0 bar16.0 bar10.0 bar10.0 bar3.2 bar6.0 bar10.0 bar10.0 bar10.0 bar6.0 bar10.0 bar10.0 bar6.0 bar


Selection of materials PP: Polypropylene Pressure ratings for polypropylene pipe, fittings and valves Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for PP piping material are shownin the following diagram:

Application limits of pipes and fittings made of PP-H (25 years of operation with design factor of 2.0 incorporated)


16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

PN16 / S-3.2 / SDR 7.4

PN16 / S-3.2 / SDR 7.4

PN10 / S-5 / SDR 11

PN10 / S-5 / SDR 11

PN6 / S-8 / SDR 17

PN6 / S-8 / SDR 17

T

P


Selection of materials PP-H Polypropylene pipe avalability

Metric Sizes DIN 8077 / 8078

Size

10

12

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

125

140

160

180

200

225

250

280

315

355

400

450

500

560

630

710

800

900

1000

1200

1400

SeriesSDRWorking Pressure

O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)

O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)



O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)


O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)











4006.07.204506.08.125008.0

11.9056010.016.6063010.018.8071012.025.3080012.028.6090015.040.10100015.044.60120018.064.10140021.083.20

4009.8

11.6045011.015.6050012.318.1056013.722.6063015.428.5071017.436.3080019.646.1090022.058.10100024.572.00120029.4

103.00140034.3

141.00

40012.314.4045013.818.2050015.322.3056017.228.1063019.335.5071021.845.2080024.557.2090027.672.50100030.689.20120036.7

128.00

1403.51.481604.01.911804.42.362004.92.932255.53.702506.24.592806.95.733157.77.193558.79.14

1404.31.781604.92.321805.52.942006.23.652256.94.572507.75.672808.67.093159.78.9735510.911.30

6318.00.35751.90.44902.20.601102.70.901253.11.17

632.00.38752.30.52902.80.761103.41.111253.91.45

40015.317.7045017.222.4050019.127.6056021.434.6063024.143.9071027.255.8080030.670.8090034.489.40100038.2

110.00

1405.42.211606.22.891806.93.632007.74.502258.65.652509.66.9928010.78.7231512.111.1035513.614.00

632.50.47752.90.65903.50.941104.2

1.361254.81.76

401.80.22502.00.30

40022.725.70450

25.5032.5050028.340.1056031.750.3063035.763.7071040.280.70

1408.03.201609.14.1518010.25.2220011.46.4722512.88.1925014.210.1028015.912.6031517.916.0035520.120.20

633.60.66754.30.93905.11.321106.31.981257.12.54

201.80.10251.81.13321.90.18402.30.27502.90.42

40036.339.5045040.950.1050045.461.70

14012.74.8716014.66.3818016.46.0520018.29.9222520.512.6025022.715.5028025.419.4031528.624.6035532.231.10

635.81.01756.81.40908.22.0211010.03.0112511.43.89

202.50.14252.70.19322.90.26

161.80.08

403.70.41504.60.64

14019.26.9316021.99.0418024.611.4020027.414.1022530.817.90

638.61.4175

10.32.0090

12.32.8611015.14.2912517.15.52

202.80.15253.50.23324.40.37

162.20.09

121.80.06

101.80.05

405.50.58506.90.90

501.80.27

Ventilation S-20SDR41PN2.5

S-16SDR33PN3.2

S-12.5SDR26

PN4

S-8.3SDR17.6

PN6

S-5SDR11PN10

S-3.2SDR7.4PN16


Selection of materials Polypropylene pipe avalability - special grades

Metric Sizes DIN 8077 / 8078 PP-R Copolymer PP Pure Polypure

Size

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

125

140

160

180

200

225

250

280

315










20018.29.9222520.512.6025022.715.5028025.419.4031528.624.60

11010.03.0112511.43.8914012.74.8716014.66.3818016.48.04

403.70.41504.60.64635.81.01

322.90.26

252.70.19

S-5SDR 11PN10

202.50.15

756.81.40908.22.02

20018.29.9222520.512.6025022.715.5028025.419.4031528.624.60

11010.03.0112511.43.8914012.74.8716014.66.3818016.48.04

403.70.41504.60.64635.81.01

322.90.26

252.70.19

S-5SDR 11PN10

202.50.15

756.81.40908.22.02

11010.03.09

403.70.41504.60.64635.81.01

322.90.26

252.70.19

S-5SDR 11PN10

202.50.15

908.22.02


Selection of materials Polypropylene pipe avalability - special gradesMetric Sizes DIN 8077 / 8078 PPs: Flame Retardent PPs: Flame Retardent Electrically Conductive

Size

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

125

140

160

180

200

225

250

280

315

355

400

450








O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)

2003.01.712253.52.472503.52.752804.03.483155.05.54

202.50.14252.70.19322.92.27403.70.42504.60.65635.81.03756.81.44908.22.0811010.03.09

14012.74.9916014.66.55

751.90.45902.20.621102.70.921253.11.20

1604.01.97

2004.93.00

2506.54.72

1403.61.321603.01.531803.01.17

6.32.00.39

902.80.781103.41.14

1604.90.38

2006.23.752256.94.692507.75.82

3555.05.544006.07.394506.08.33

2003.02.282253.02.622503.53.50

3155.05.80

504.60.79635.81.20756.82.5011010

3.31

1603.01.821803.00.05

1605.52.90

2006.94.50

1609.15.1

20011.48.00

902.80.39

2257.75.86

1103.01.24

1103.41.40

1106.32.40

11010

3.31

322.90.32

3555.06.604006.07.40

4009.8

11.8845011.014.99

3159.79.2135510.911.60


S-16SDR33PN3.2

S-5SDR11PN10


S-8.3SDR17.6

PN6

S-5SDR11PN10


Selection of materials PE: Polyethylene 23.

General properties of polypropylene (standard types)

Polyethylene (PE) is a partially-crystalline thermoplastic from the polyolefin in group of materials, and it is characterized by its low density when compared to other thermoplastics. A unique combination of properties including mechanical strength, chemical resistance and thermal stability all combine to make polyethylene one ofthe most popular piping systems materials. Polyethylene is non-polar and exhibits a good resistance against a variety of chemicals, however strong oxidising acids attack the material. Good chemical resistance is achieved against contact with solvents, such as alcohols, esters and ketones. Consequently, solvent cement welding of PE pipes and fittings is not possible. When compared to other thermoplastics, PE shows excellent diffusion resistance, and because of this property, polyethylene hasbeen successfully applied for the safe transportation of gases for many years. The black colored PE supplied by IPS is stabilized against the effects of UV radiation, and it may therefore safely beused outdoors. The stabilization also counteracts heat fatigue, increasing the operating life.

Polyethylene is ideally suited to a variety of welding techniques for pressure piping applications. High quality, reliable joints can be achieved using heating element socket fusion jointing, heating element butt fusion welding and electro fusion welding techniques. Additionally, PE systems can be joined using flanges, threaded connectionsand mechanical couplings.

Polyethylene is no longer described by its density (LDPE, MOPE or HDPE), but by its resistance class according to ISO 9080 (PE 63, PE 80 or PE 100). Polyethylene piping systems are available from IPS in metric dimensionsaccording to DIN 8077/8078 and DIN 16962.

In comparison to other thermoplastics, polyethylene exhibits thermal stability up to 60°C (short-term 70° for drainage systems). Polyethylene shows excellent impact strength, with impact strength rising with increasing temperature.

Some important advantages of polypropylene are: - Low specific weight of 0.95g/cm³- Favourable transportation methods (can be coiles) - High long term creep resistance- Very good chemical resistance- Weathering resistance- Radiation resistance - Outstanding weldability - Excellent abrasion resistance- Smooth internal surfaces- Resistant to freezing


Selection of materials PP: Polyethylene MaterialsThe polyethylene pipes and fittings supplied by IPS are manufactured from PE8O or from third generation PE100 material. This latest generation PE100 material (also known as MRS 10) has a higher density and improved mechanical properties. Because of these enhanced properties, PE100 material can achieve a corresponding pressure rating using a reduced wall thickness when compared to previous generations of polyethylene piping. Some of the improved properties, such as increased stiffness and hardness, also make it ideally suitable for compressed air applications. In addition, PE100 material exhibits excellent resistance to creep pressure and rapidcrack propagation. Special grades of polyethylene can be made with the supplement of additives, modifying the general properties of the material, however, because of these modifications, changes to the mechanical and chemical resistance properties can occur when compared to the original material. When considering a special grade of polyethylene, itis therefore necessary to clarify the suitability of the intended application with our technical department.

Polyethylene pipes and fittings are also available in the following special grades: PE8O-el: (Polyethylene, electro-conductive) This material develops the electrical conductivity of PE8O. It can be used for safety reasons in the transport of combustible material, especially for the conveying of dust. A connection to earth is possible. PE100 FM Approved This material hac hoen tested under FM161O and is approved for underground fire serviceapplications.

Properties of Polypropylene (average values)

PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakNotched Impact Strength at 23°CNotched Impact Strength at -30°CModulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus)Coefficient of liner ExpansionMaximum Operating TemperatureMinimum Operating Temperature Crystalline Melting TemperatureMelt Flow IndexSurface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour

PE80Vlaue0.9420>600124.59500.1860-40128-1310.40 - 0.50>1013

0.43HBBlack

PE100Vlaue0.9525>60016611000.1860-40127-1300.30 - 0.55>1013

0.40HBBlack

Unitg / cm³MPa%kJ/ m²kJ/ m²MPa mm/m °C°C°C°Cg/10minΩw ⁄ m · KUL


Selection of materials PP: Polyethylene Chemical resistance The chemical resistance of polyethylene is considered excellent, due to its non-polar nature. It is resistant to dilute (aqueous) solutions of salts, acids and alkalis and to a large number of organic solvents. Against concentrated hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid polyethylene is resistant, however above certain concentration levels diffusion can occur which do not damage the material but causes secondary damage to surrounding steel constructions. In this type of application, double containment piping systems have been found ideally suited. For further details of the suitability of polyethylene for your application, please consult our chemical resistance tables orour technical department.

Weathering resistance Piping systems in black polyethylene are UV stabilized, and therefore they do not need to be protected against degradation. To help control the heating effects of UV radiation, the pipe surface may be protected by theapplication of a UV absorbent coating such as AGRU Coat, or by adding a layer of insulation.

Radioactivity resistance Polyethylene pipes and fittings are well established for drainage systems applications handling radioactive waste water from laboratories as well as for cooling water piping systems for the nuclear power industry. PE remainsunaffected by regular exposure to a radiation dose of up to 104 Gray.

Physiological characteristics Polyethylene piping systems from IPS are physiologically non-toxic (in accordance with ONORM B5014, Part 1,FDA, BGA, and KTW guidelines) making them ideally suited as a piping material in contact with potable water.


Selection of materials PE: Polyethylene

Pressure ratings for polypropylene pipe, fittings and valves For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the available pressure ratings for polyethylene pipes, fittings and valves the pressure rating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department beforeinstallation.

Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for PE piping is shown in thefollowing diagram:

Application limits of pipes and fittings made of PE80 and PE100 (25 years of operation with design factor of 1.6 incorporated)


16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

T

P

PE 100 S-5 / SDR11

PE 80 S-5 / SDR11PE 100 S-5 / SDR17

PE 80 S-8 / SDR17PE 100 S-5 / SDR11

PE 80 S-5 / SDR11PE 100 S-5 / SDR17

PE 80 S-8 / SDR17

ProductPP80 Pipes S - 20 / SDR41PP80 Pipes S - 16 / SDR33PP80 Pipes S - 12.5 / SDR26PP80 Pipes S - 8.3 / SDR17.6PP80 Pipes S - 5 / SDR11PP100 Pipes S - 3.2 / SDR17.6PP100 Pipes S - 5 / SDR11PP80 Socket Fusion FittingsPP80 Butt Fusion Fittings S - 8.3 / SDR17.6PP80 Butt Fusion Fittings S - 5 / SDR11PP100 Butt Fusion Fittings S - 16 / SDR33PP100 Butt Fusion Fittings S - 8.3 / SDR17.6PP100 Butt Fusion Fittings S - 5 / SDR11PP100 Electro-Fusion FittingsPP100 Ball Valves

Size (O.D.)63mm - 1400mm50mm - 1400mm40mm - 630mm20mm - 800mm16mm - 630mm40mm - 800mm20mm - 630mm20mm - 110mm63mm - 315mm20mm - 315mm110mm - 500mm50mm - 500mm20mm - 500mm20mm - 400mm32mm - 180mm

Pressure Rating at 20°C 2.5 bar3.2 bar4.0 bar6.0 bar10.0 bar10.0 bar16.0 bar10.0 bar6.0 bar10.0 bar5.0 bar10.0 bar16.0 bar1.0 bar10.0 bar

* Note that FM approved PE100 systems are rated for continuous use at 12 bar.


Selection of materials PE80 Polyethylene pipe availability

Metric Sizes DIN 8074

Size

10

12

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

125

140

160

180

200

225

250

280

315

355

400

450

500

560

630

710

800

900

1000

1200

1400




















S-16SDR33PN3.2

S-12.5SDR26

PN4

S-8.3SDR17.6

PN6

S-5SDR11PN10

S-3.2SDR7.4PN16

S-16SDR33PN3.2

S-8.3SDR17.6

PN6

S-5SDR11PN10

4008.09.934508.0

11.205008.0

12.5056010.017.4063010.019.6071012.026.4080012.029.8090015.041.80100015.046.60120018.067.00140020.086.80

4009.8

12.1045011.015.2050012.318.9056013.723.6063015.429.8071017.437.9080019.648.1090022.060.70100024.575.20120029.4

108.00140034.3

147.00

40012.315.0045013.819.0050015.323.3056017.229.4063019.337.0071021.847.2080024.559.7090027.675.60100030.693.10120036.7

134.00140042.9

183.00

40015.318.5045017.223.4050019.128.9056021.436.2063024.144.8071027.258.3080030.673.9090034.493.30100038.2

115.00120045.9

166.00

40022.726.9045025.534.0050028.341.8056031.752.5063035.766.5071040.284.0080045.3

107.00

40036.341.2045040.952.3050045.464.5056050.880.8063057.2

102.00

14019.27.2416021.99.4418024.611.9020027.414.7022530.818.6025034.223.0028038.328.8031543.136.5035548.846.3040054.758.80

638.61.4775

10.32.0990

12.32.9911015.14.4812517.15.76

1604.92.531805.53.192006.23.972256.94.992507.76.17

3159.79.76

40012.315.60

1103.41.211253.91.58

1609.14.5118010.25.6820011.47.0422512.88.9125014.211.00

31517.917.40

25022.716.80

31528.626.70

905.11.441106.32.151257.02.77

16014.66.9518016.48.7520018.210.8022520.513.70

908.22.2011010.03.2812511.44.23

322.90.28403.70.45504.60.69635.81.10756.81.53

202.80.15253.50.24324.40.38

162.20.09

121.80.06

101.80.05

405.50.60506.90.94

14012.75.0816014.66.6718016.48.4020018.210.4022520.513.10

1408.03.341609.14.3318010.25.5420011.46.7622512.88.55

25022.716.2028025.420.2031528.625.6035532.235.50

25014.210.5028015.913.2031517.916.7035520.121.10

635.81.05756.81.47908.22.1111010.03.1412511.44.06

633.60.69754.30.97905.11.381106.32.071257.12.65

202.50.14252.70.19322.90.27

161.80.08

403.70.43504.60.67

201.80.11251.81.14321.90.19402.30.28504.90.44

1405.42.301606.23.021806.93.792007.74.692258.65.892509.67.3028010.79.1031512.111.5035513.614.60

632.50.49752.90.68903.50.981104.21.421254.81.84

401.80.23502.00.31

1404.31.861604.92.421805.53.072006.23.812256.94.772507.75.922808.67.403159.79.3735510.911.80

632.00.40752.30.54902.80.791103.41.161253.91.51

1403.51.541604.02.001804.42.462004.93.052255.53.862506.24.792806.95.983157.77.513558.79.55

631.80.36751.90.46902.20.631102.70.941253.11.22

501.80.29


Selection of materials PE100 Polyethylene pipe availability

Metric Sizes DIN 8074 PE100 PE100 FM Approved

Size

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

125

140

160

180

200

225

250

280

315

355

400

450

500

560

630

710

800















20011.197.0522513.48.9325014.810.9028016.613.7031518.717.40

35521.122.1040023.728.0045026.735.4050029.743.8056033.254.8063037.469.40

71042.188.1080047.4

112.00

1106.62.151257.42.761408.34.451609.54.5218010.75.69

402.40.29503.00.46633.80.72

S-5SDR 17PN10

754.51.01905.41.46

20018.210.4022520.513.1025022.716.2028025.420.2031528.625.60

35532.232.5040036.341.2045040.952.3050045.464.5056050.880.8063057.2

102.00

11010.03.1412511.44.0614012.75.0816014.66.6718016.48.40

403.70.43504.60.67635.81.05756.81.47908.22.11

20018.210.4022520.513.1025022.716.2028025.420.2031528.625.60

35532.232.5040036.341.20

11010.03.1412511.44.0614012.75.0816014.66.6718016.48.40

635.81.05756.81.47908.22.11

252.30.17322.90.27

S-5SDR 11PN16

202.00.12

S-5SDR 11PN12


Selection of materials PVDF: Polyvintlidene Fluoride29.

General properties of PVC-U

High purity grades of PVDF

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a thermoplastic that is distinguished from other fluorinated polymers by its ease of processing, good welding characteristics, and good heat formability. PVDF also has high mechanical strength, excellent chemical resistance, and high operating temperature capabilities. It has the widest range of applicationsof any of the thermoplastics used for rigid piping systems. The excellent chemical resistance of PVDF means that it is extensively used in the chemical industry as a piping system for aggressive liquids, and in the field of tank construction and lining. PVDF is a homopolymer without additives such as stabilizers and processing agents. It also displays excellent flame retardant properties. Consequently, PVDF is listed with many worldwide agencies as suitable for use with foodstuffs, dairy products, hot and cold water in the semi-conductor and pharmaceutical industries, and for other applications in the food anddrug sector. Physiologically non-toxic, the smooth surface finish of PVDF does not encourage the growth of microorganisms. When coupled with its low friction coefficient, these natural anti fouling characteristics make PVDF ideally suited toapplications involving ultra-pure liquids.

PVDF also has good resistance to UV and gamma radiation, including ageing resistance. However, in the case of direct radiation from UV lamps with a wavelength of 184 nanometer, it is recommended to use a stainless steeldiaphragm valve or a 90° bend at the connection points to reflect the UV light.

PVDF does not support combustion after removal of a flame, and thus it falls into the class V-0 according to UL94This material meets FMRC 4910 clean rooms materials flammability test protocol. PVDF has excellent welding characteristics, and can be joined by either heating element socket fusion welding, heating element butt fusion welding, non-contact Infra-Red (IR) welding or electro fusion welding techniques. Additionally, PVDF systems can be joined using flanges, threaded connections and mechanical couplings. PVDF piping systems are available from IPS in metric dimensions according to DIN 8077/8078 and DIN 16962.

In comparison to other thermoplastics such as polypropylene, PVDF exhibits thermal stability up to 120°C, (short term 140°C for drainage systems). PVDF also has good impact strength, which rises further as the temperature increases.

Some important advantages of polypropylene are: - Low specific weight of 0.91g/cm³ - High long term creep resistance - Excellent chemical resistance - High resistance to thermal ageing - Outstanding welding characteristics - Excellent abrasion resistance- Smooth internal surfaces

PVDF UHP is an extremely pure grade of polyvinylidene fluoride containing no UV or heat stabilizers, lubricants or flame-retardent additives. Consequently it is particularly suitable for ultra-pure water piping installations and for thetransportation of clear chemical liquids in the semiconductor or pharmaceutical industries.


Selection of materials PVDF: Polyvinylidene Fluoride

MaterialsProperties of Polypropylene (average values) PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakNotched Impact Strength at 23°CModulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus)Coefficient of liner ExpansionMaximum Operating TemperatureMinimum Operating Temperature Crystalline Melting TemperatureSurface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour

Vlaue1.76>50801120000.12140-40174>1012

0.13V-0Natural

Unit

g / cm³

MPa%

kJ/ m²MPa mm/m °C°C°C°CΩ

w ⁄ m · KUL

PVDF has an outstanding resistance to inorganic and organic acids, oxidizing media, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and halogenated solvents. PVDF is resistant to halogens, in particular bromine (but not fluorine) and to weak bases. It is degraded by fuming sulphuric acid, some strong basic amines, concentrated andhot alkalis as well as alkaline metals.

PVDF swells in high-polar solvents such as acetone and ethyl acetate. It is also slightly soluble in aphoristic solvents, for example dimethyl form amide and dimethyl sulphide. For further information on the suitability of PVDF for your application, consult the chemical resistance tables or our technical department.

Chemical resistance

Piping systems in PVDF are resistant to UV, and therefore they do not need to be protected against degradation when used outdoors.


PVDF is physiologically non-toxic, and meets the European Directive 90/128/EEC relating to plastic materials in contact with foodstuffs. It is particularly suitable for high purity applications handling hot and cold water in the semi-conductor and pharmaceutical industries, and for applications in the food and drug sector.


PVDF UHP piping is manufactured from an ultra high purity grade resin in natural colour. The manufacturing process is carried out under controlled clean room conditions, and the finished product is rinsed with de-ionized water before protective packaging. PVDF UHP pipes and fittings meet the high demands of the semiconductor industry - for example they are able to maintain the specific resistance of de-ionized and ultra pure water above 18 MΩ.cm (0.055µS) The performance characteristics of PVDF UHP are broadly similar to those of standard grades of PVDF, therefore it is possible to reference the application and installation guidelines contained in this document. However to achieve the highest levels of performance it is recommended that welding be carried out using the Infra-Red (IR) non-contact butt fusion welding method. This method consistently produces the smallest weld profile and the weld details are computer recorded, enabling complete traceability from raw material to installed system.

Characteristics of PVDF UHP (Ultra High Purity Grade)


Selection of materials PVDF: Polyvinylidene Fluoride

Pressure ratings for PVDF pipe, fittings and valves For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the available pressure ratings for polyethylene pipes, fittings and valves. The pressure rating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department before installation.

Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for PVDF piping is shown in the following diagram:

ProductPVDF Pipe S - 16 / SDR33PVDF Pipe S - 10 / SDR21PVDF Socket Fusion Fittings* Adaptor Fittings 10.0 barPVDF Butt Fusion Fittings S-16 / SDR33PVDF Butt Fusion Fittings S-10 / SDR21PVDF Electro-Fusion FittingsPVDF Ball ValvesPVDF Ball ValvesPVDF Diaphragm ValvesPVDF Butterfly ValvesPVDF Butterfly Valves

Size (O.D.)63mm - 400mm20mm - 280mm20mm - 110mm

90mm - 315mm20mm - 280mm20mm - 63mm20mm - 75mm90mm - 110mm20mm - 110mm90mm - 140mm160mm - 225mm

Pressure Rating at 20°C 10.016.0 bar20.0 bar*

10.0 bar16.0 bar16.0 bar16.0 bar10.0 bar

10.0 bar10.0 bar6.0 bar

Application limits of pipes and fittings made of PVDF (25 years of operation with design factor of 1.6 incorporated)


16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

PE 16

PE 10

PE 10

PE 16

T

P


Selection of materials PVDF pipe availability

Metric Size ISO 161 Standard Grade UHP Ultra High Purity Grade

Size























632.5-

0.93

1103.0-

1.94

1403.0-

2.49

1603.0-

2.86

2003.0-

3.58

2503.0-

4.48

3154.0-

7.47

3554.0-

9.34

4005.0-

11.81

632.510

0.93

752.510

1.11

902.810

1.48

1103.410

2.20

1253.910

2.84

1256.016

4.24

1404.310

3.52

1604.910

4.54

1805.510

5.74

2256.910

8.95

2808.610

13.86

2006.210

7.19

2507.710

11.09

633016

1.09

753.616

1.55

904.316

2.22

1105.316

3.32

1406.716

5.31

402.416

0.55

161.516

0.14

201.916

0.21

251.916

0.27

322.416

0.55

503.016

0.85

1607.716

6.96

1808.616

8.74

22510.816

13.67

28013.416

21.11

2009.616

10.74

2006.210

7.19

25011.09

1616.73

1256.016

4.24

633016

1.09

753.616

1.55

904.316

2.22

1105.316

3.32

1406.716

5.31

402.416

0.55

201.916

0.21

251.916

0.27

322.416

0.55

503.016

0.85

1607.716

6.96

1808.616

8.74

22510.816

13.67

28013.416

21.11

2009.616

10.74

25011.09

1616.73

1253.910

2.84

902.810

1.48

1103.410

2.20

1404.310

3.52

1604.910

4.54

1805.510

5.74

2256.910

8.95

2808.610

13.86

2507.710

11.09

3159.710

17.55

3159.710

17.55

* Listed by FM Global as meeting theFMRC 4910 Clen Room MaterialsFlammability Test protocol

35510.910

22.00

40012.310

28.03

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

125

140

160

180

200

225

250

280

315

355

400

Ventilation * S-16SDR 33PN 10

S-10SDR33PN 16

S-16SDR 33PN 10

S-10SDR21PN 16


Selection of materials Selection Guidelines33.Overview Each of the plastic materials used for piping systems has a unique set of properties that make a particular material suitable for some applications and in some cases not for others. In many applications, there will be a choice of materials suitable for a particular process installation, and when this occurs there are many other factors that may be considered, including material cost and ease of installation.

When choosing the correct material for a particular application, the designer must consider a number of key factors. Optimum life expectancy can only be achieved through the selection of the most cost effective thermoplastic piping material. In this respect, three principal factors must be considered to determine the best choice of material to be used:

1. What is the fluid to be handled? 2. What is the operating (and design) pressure? 3. What is the operating (and design) temperature? Inevitably, there will also be other factors that influence material selection. Some of these considerations will include:

- What pipe size is required? - What is the life expectancy of the system? - Will the pipe run above or below ground? - What are the environmental conditions? - Will the pipe be exposed to UV light? - Is there a risk of impact damage? - Will the fluid carry suspended solids?

To assist the designer in selecting the correct type of thermoplastic piping for the intended application, the following pages provide a guide to the principal selection criteria. Detailed assistance is readily available from our technical department upon request.


Selection of materials Chemical resistance 34.Chemical resistance of the piping material

Chemical resistance of solvent cement welded joints

Chemical resistance of fusion welded joints

Chemical resistance of valves

Chemical resistance of the piping material Plastics are widely used not only for water, but also to handle aggressive chemicals. Consequently the determination of the fluid to be carried is therefore one of the prime concerns in the selection process. Other factors, such as the installation environment, also need to be considered. However, the usual starting point for most applications is to determine which material provides the best chemical resistance performance. The chemical resistance of thermoplastic piping against a broad range of commonly used chemicals can be found in the chemical resistance tables, however we would recommend that in case of doubt that you contact our technical department for clarification. The data shown is based on immersion tests and is given as a guide only as no guarantees can be given in respect of the information shown. Where there is any concern over the suitability of a material, it is recommended to test using the specific working conditions in a pilot installation. In all cases the suitability of the piping materials, jointing methods and sealing materials (elastomeric for '0' rings, and flange gaskets). must be verified before the commencement of an installation. When referring to the chemical resistance tables, the classifications Resistant, Conditionally Resistant and Not Recommended are shown using the symbols +, 0 and - respectively. Whilst the terms Resistant and Not Recommended are self explanatory, the term Conditionally Resistant indicates that the medium can attack or cause swelling in the material. The service life is usually shortened and may be restricted by pressure and/or temperature. Note that the data in the tables is based on information from the raw material suppliers, gained using direct contact between the chemical and the un-processed raw material. The resistance of any of the finished products against these media has not been verified. There is no given or intended legally binding assurance of material properties or of suitability for a specific purpose. Materials must be tested under actual service conditions to determine the suitability for a specific application

The chemical resistance of the joints in a solvent welded piping system are thesame as the material itself. However, PVC-U or PVC-C solvent welded joints in systems handling the following chemicals can be degraded and require the use of Weld On 724 solvent cement to ensure chemical compatibility: Hydrochloric Acid 25%+ concentrationNitric Acid 20%+ concentration Sulphuric Acid 70%+ concentration Hydrofluoric Acid in any concentration

joints Thermoplastic piping systems in polypropylene, polyethylene, ECTFE or PVDF are made with fusion-welded joints using either socket fusion, electro fusion and IR or butt fusion welding techniques. Correctly made fusion joints will have the same chemical resistance as the pipe itself, however in situations where the piping material may be susceptible to stress cracking from the media, the joint itself may be subject to increased risk.

Chemical resistance of valves In most cases, valves are manufactured from the same parent material as the pipe-fittings and it can therefore be regarded that their chemical resistance matches that of the piping material. However, valves will usually incorporate elastomeric materials that will be exposed to the media during normal operation. Care should be taken to check the chemical resistance of the elastomeric seals against the chemical to be used in the chemical resistance tables.


Selection of materials Chemical resistance

Media A - CO

= No Data - = Not Recommended 0 = Conditionally Resistant + = Resistant

Material°C

Concentration

PVC-U20 40 60

PVC-C20 40 60 80 95

ABS20 40 60 80

PE20 40 60

PP20 60 80 100

PVDF20 60 80 100 120

EPDM20 40 60 80

FPM20 60 80 100 120

ACETALDEHTDE

ACETIC ACID

ACETIC ACID ANHYDRIDEACETONEACRYLONITRILEADIPIC ACIDALCOHOLIC SPIRITSALLTL ALCOHOLALUMUNIUM CHLORIDEALUMUNIUM SULPHATEAMMONIAAMMONIUM ACETATEAMMONIUM HYDROGENFLUORIDEAMMONIUM AOMPOUNDS:SEE SODIUMAMYL ACETATEAMYL ALCOHOLANILINEANILINE HYDROCHLORIDEANTIMONY TRICHLORIDEAQUA REGIAARSENIC ACID

BARIUM HYDROXIDEBARIUM SALTSBEEF TALLOW EWULSION,SULPHONATEDBEERBENZALDEHYDEBENZENEBENZENE

BENZONIC ACIDBENZYL ALCOHOLBLEACHING LYE

BORAXBORIC ACIDBRINE, SEA WATERBROMINE, LIQUIDBULADIENEBUTANEBUTANEDIOLBUTANOLBUTYLE ACETATEBUTLY PHENOL, P-TERTIARYBUTYLENE GLYCOLBUTYLENE LIQUIDBUTYRIC ACID

CALCIUM BISULPHATECALCIUM CHLORIDECALCIUM HYDROXIDECALCIUM HYPOCHLORITECALCIUM NITRATECARBON DIOXIDE(CARBON ACID)CARBON DISULPHIDECARBON TETRACHLORIDECAUSIT SODA SOLUTION(sodium hydroxide)CHLORAL HYDRATECHLORIC ACIDCHLORINE

CHLORINE WATERCHLOROACETIC ACID, MONOCHLOROENZENECHLOROETHANOLCHLOROFORMCHLOROSULPHONIC ACIDCHROME ALUM(CHROMIUMPOTASSIUM SULPHATE)CHROME ACIDCIDERCITRIC ACIDCOPPER SALT

cold saturated, aqueoussaturated, aqueous, all

aqueous, saturatedcold saturated, aqueous

50% aqueous

technically pure moisttechnically puretechnically pure

up to 40% aqueousup to 50% aqueous

technically pure10% aqueous

moist, 97% gaseousanhydrous, tech pure

liquid, technically puresaturated

50% aqueoustechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure

cold saturated, aqueousall, aqueous

10% aqueous10% aqueous

aqueous, saturatedaqueous, all

usual commercialusual commercial

aqueous, saturatedtechnically purefree of lead and

aromatic compoundsaqueous, all

technically pure12.5% active chlorine

aqueousaqueous, allaqueous, all

technically puretechnically puretechnically pure

aqueous, 10%technically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure

Technically40% aqueous solution

technically pure, glacial10% aqueous


saturated, aqueousapp, 40% ethyl alcohol

96%saturated

cold saturated, aqueousgaseous, tech pure

aqueous, all

50%, aqueous

ctechnically puretechnically pure

aqueous, Saturated90% aqueous

80% aqueous

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0

The data in the tables is based on information from the raw material suppliers, gained using direct contact between the chemical and the un-processed raw material. The resistance of any of the finished products against these media has not been verified. There is no given or intended legally binding assurance of material properties or of suitability for a specific purpose. Materials must be tested under actual service conditions to determine the suitability for a specific application.



Media CO - MA


Material°C

Concentration

PVC-U20 40 60

PVC-C20 40 60 80 95

ABS20 40 60 80

PE20 40 60

PP20 60 80 100

PVDF20 60 80 100 120

EPDM20 40 60 80

FPM20 60 80 100 120

CORN OIL CRESOL CROTONIC ALDEHYDE CYCLOHEXANE CYCLOHEXANOL CYCLOHEXANONE

technically pure cold saturated, aqueous

technically pure technically pure technically pure technically pure

DETERGENTS (WASHING POWDERS) DEXTRINE (Starch Gum) DIBUTYL ETHER DIBUTYL PHTHLATE DIBUTYL SEBACATE DICHLOROACETIC ACID DICHLOROACETIC ACID METHTL ESHER DICHLOROBENZENE DICHLOROETHYLENE DIESEL OIL DIETHYLAMINE DI-ISOBUTYL KETONE DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE DIMETHYLAMINE

usual washing lathers usual commercial


technically pure technically pure technically pure


ETHYL ACETATE ETHYL ALCOHOL ETHYL ALCOHOL + ACETIC ACID ETHYL BENZENE ETHYL CHLORIDE ETHYL ETHER ETHYLENE CHLORIDE ETHYLENE DIAMINE ETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYLENE OXIDE

technically pure technically pure, 96%

fermentation mixture


technically pure technically pure

technically pure, liquid FATTY ACIDS .C6 FATTY ALCOHOL SULPHONATES FERRIC CHLORIDE FERRIC NITRATE FERROUS SULPHATE FLUOSILICIC ACID FORMALDEHYDE FORMAMIDE FORMIC ACID FRUIT JUICES FUEL OIL FURFURYL ALCOHOL

technically pure

aqueous saturated saturated

32%, aqueous 40%, aqueous


technically pure

GELATINE GLUCOSE GLYCERINE GLYCOCOLL GLYCOLIC ACID

all, aqueous all, aqueous

technically pure 10%, aqueous 37%, aqueous

HEPTANE HEXANE HYDRAZINE HYDRATE HYDROBROMIC ACID HYDROCHLORIC ACID


aqueous 50%, aqueous

up to 10%, aqueous up to 36%, aqueous

technically pure up to 10%, aqueous

40%, aqueous 70%, aqueous

technically pure tech. pure, gaseous

3%, aqueous 30%, aqueous 90%, aqueous

technically pure

HYDROCYANIC ACID HYDROFLUORIC ACID

HYDROGEN HYDROGEN CHLORIDE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE

IODINE SOLUTION IRON SALTS ISO-OCTANE ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ISOPROPYL ETHER

6.5% iodine in ethanolall, aqueous


LACTIC ACID LANOLIN LEAD ACETATE LINSEED OIL LUBRICATING OILS

10%, aqueous technically pure

aqueous, saturated technically pure

all, aqueouscold saturated, aqueous

MAGNESIUM SALTS MALEIC ACID

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+

+

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+

+

+

+

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+

+

0+

+

-

-

+

0

+

+

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0

+

+

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-

+

+

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+

+

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+

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++

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+

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+

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+

+

+

+

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+++0

+

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0

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+

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0

+

+

0+

-

+

+

0+-+

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+

+

+

+

+

+

0

+

+ +

+

+

+

0

+

+

++

+

+

+

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++

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++++

+

+

+

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+

+

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+

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---0-----0

0 0

0

0



Media ME - SO


Material°C

Concentration

PVC-U20 40 60

PVC-C20 40 60 80 95

ABS20 40 60 80

PE20 40 60

PP20 60 80 100

PVDF20 60 80 100 120

EPDM20 40 60 80

FPM20 60 80 100 120

MERCURY MERCURY SALTS METHANE (natural gas) METHANOL METHYL ACETATE METHYL AMINE METHYL BROMIDE METHYL CHLORIDE METHYLENE CHLORIDE METHYL ETHYL KETONE MILK MOLASSES MONOCHLOROACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER MONOCHLOROACETIC ACID METHYL ESTER MORPHOLIN

purecold, saturated, aqueous

technically pureall

technically pure32%, aqueous

technically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure

technically pure

technically puretechnically pure

technically pure

cold saturated, aqueous5%, aqueous up to

40%, aqueous65%, aqueous

technically puretechnically pure

diluted, moist, anhydrous

NAPHTHALENE NICKEL SALTS NITRIC ACID

NITROBENZENE NITROLUENE (o-, m-, p-) NITROUS GASES

OLEIC ACID OLIVE OIL OXALIC ACID OXYGEN OZONE

technically pure

cold saturated, aqueoustechnically pure

cold saturated, aqueous

PALMITIC ACID PALM OIL, PALM NUT OIL PARAFFIN EMULSIONS PARAFFIN OIL PERCHLORIC ACID

PERCHLOROETHYLENE (tetrachloroethylene) PETROLEUM PETROLEUM ETHER PETROLEUM JELLY PHENOL PHENYLHYDRAZINE PHENYLHYDRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE PHOSGENE PHOSPHORIC ACID PHOSPHOROUS PENTOXIDE PHOTOGRAPHIC DEVELOPER PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSION PHOTOGRAPHIC FIXER PHTHALIC ACID PICRIC ACID POTASH(potassium carbonate) POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS: see SODIUM PROPANE PROPANOL, n- and iso-PROPIONIC ACID PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYLENE OXIDE PYRIDINE



technically pure, liquidtechnically pure

50%, aqueoustechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure

cold saturated,aqueousall, aqueousall, aqueous

cold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueous

10%, aqueousall, aqueousall, aqueousall, aqueous

cold saturated, aqueousall, aqueousall, aqueous

technically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure

up to 90%, aqueoustechnically pure

aqueous gaseous,

technically pure85%, aqueous

technically pureusual commercial

usual commercial

saturated, aqueous1%, aqueous

technically pure

usual comm., aqueous

10%, aqueous70%, aqueous

SILICONE OIL SILVER SALTS SOAP SOLUTION SODIUM ACETATE SODIUM BENZOATE SODIUM BICARBONATE SODIUM BISULPHATE SODIUM BISULPHITE SODIUM BROMATE SODIUM BROMIDE SODIUM CARBONATE (soda) SODIUM CHLORATE SODIUM CHLORIDE

++++-0----++0

0

-

++

--------+-

-

-

+++-------++-

-

-

++++++000+++

+

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++++++--0+++

+

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+++++0+++-++

+

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++-+0+-0-+++

+

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+++0-+0-0-++

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Media SO - Z


Material°C

Concentration

PVC-U20 40 60

PVC-C20 40 60 80 95

ABS20 40 60 80

PE20 40 60

PP20 60 80 100

PVDF20 60 80 100 120

EPDM20 40 60 80

FPM20 60 80 100 120

SODIUM CHLORITE SODIUM CHROMATE SODIUM DISULPHATE SODIUM DITHIONITE (hyposulphite) SODIUM FLUORIDE SODIUM HYDROXIDE see CAUSTIC SODA SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SODIUM IODIDE SODIUM NITRATE SODIUM NITRITE SODIUM OXALATE SODIUM PERSULPHATE SODIUM PHOSPHATE SODIUM SILICATE SODIUM SULPHATE SODIUM SULPHIDE SODIUM SULPHITE SODIUM THIOSULPHATE SPIRITS (brandy) STANNOUS CHLORIDE STARCH SOLUTION STEARIC ACID SUCCINIC ACID SUGAR SYRUP SULPHUR SULPHUR DIOXIDE SULPHUR TRIOXIDE SULPHURIC ACID

SULPHUROUS ACID

diluted, aqueous10%, aqueous

all, aqueous

up to 10%, aqueouscold saturated, aqueous

aqueous (12.5% active)all, aqueous

cold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueous

all, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueous

usual commercialcold saturated, aqueous

all, aqueoustechnically pure

all, aqueoususual commercial

technically pureall, moist

technically pure, liquid

up to 30%, aqueousup to 50%, aqueousup to 80%, aqueousup to 90%, aqueousup to 96%, aqueoussaturated, aqueous

TALLOW TANNIC ACID TARTARIC ACID TETRACHLOROETHANE TETRAETHYL LEAD TETRAHYDROFURANE THIONYL CHLORIDE TOLUENE TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE TRICHLOROETHYLENE TRICHLOROACETIC ACID TRICHLOROETHANE (met hylchlorof orm) 1,1,2-TRICHLOR0- 1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (Freon 113) TRICESYL PHOSPHATE TRIETHANOLAMINE TRIETHYLAMINE TRIO CTYL PHOSPHATE TURPENTINE OIL

technically pureall, aqueousall, aqueous

technically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure

50%, aqueous

technically pure

technically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure

UREA URINE

VEGETABLE OILS AND FATS VINEGAR VINYL ACETATE VINYL CHLORIDE

WASTE GASES, alkaline WASTE GASES containing: - CARBON OXIDES - HYDROCHLORIC ACID - HYDROGEN FLUORIDE - NITROUS GASES - SULPHUR DIOXIDE - SULPHUR TRIOXIDE - SULPHURIC ACID WATER, condensed WATER, distilled, de-ionised WATER, drinking WAX ALCOHOL WETTING AGENTS WINES, red and white WINE VINEGAR

allall

tracestracestracestraces

all

technically pureup to 5%, aqueoususual commercialusual commercial

YEAST

XYLENE

ZINC SALTS

all, aqueous

technically pure

all, aqueous

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Selection of materials Pressure limitations and safety factors 39.Pressure curves Hoop or circumferential stress is the single largest stress present in any piping system under pressure. It is therefore the governing factor in determining the pressure that a pipe section can withstand. The hoop stress in any pipe is calculated by the outcome of an equation that includes internal pressure, pipe diameter and wall thickness. For most manufacturers, the long-term performance of the piping system has been established through the calculation of the hydrostatic pressure curve for each material. These pressure temperature curves show the correlation between the hoop (or circumferential) stresses of the material, measured in megapascals (Mpa), versus the time to fail in hours (h). The result of this calculation shows how the pressure rating of the piping material will perform over time, in conjunction with increasing temperatures. Pressure curves for all of our piping materials are available upon request. We can also assist you in helping to calculate the design life of your chosen piping material at elevated temperatures. Please contact us for more information or further assistance.

Safety factors The published pressure ratings for thermoplastic piping systems take into account the circumferential stress of the individual materials over their expected lifetime. In addition, the published data also includes provision for material specific safety factors. These safety factors are published below, and are based upon a minimum 50 year design life with water at 20°C.

Pressure ratings for fittings and valves Whilst there is usually clear definition of the maximum working pressure for pipes, some care needs to be taken with the choice of fittings and valves. In most cases, thermoplastic pipe fittings carry the same pressure rating as the pipe itself. However, some mechanical pipe fittings and valves may be rated lower than the pipe. Some examples include flanges and threaded fittings:

Always consider the item with the lowest pressure rating in any system.

Flange B54504 (EN1092) PN6:Flange B54504 (EN1092) PN10:Flange ASA 150 (PR EN 1759): BSP threaded fittings (IS0787):

6 bars maximum 10 bars maximum 10 bars maximum 10 or 12 bars maximum

MaterialPVC-UPVC-C

ABSPP-HPP-RPE80

PE100PVDF

ECTFE

Minimum Safety Factor2.02.02.12.12.11.6

1.252.02.0


Selection of materials Terminology used to define pressure ratings for thermoplastic piping systems

Nominal Pressure (PN) The most common method of defining pressure ratings for thermoplastic piping systems is to group together pipes, fittings and valves according to a single nominal pressure rating. This method can simplify the selection process, and its use is internationally widespread. The PN rating is the maximum permitted operational pressure in bars calculated at 20°C, for example PN6 indicates a maximum working pressure of 6 bars.

The 'Class' system of pressure ratings

The 'Schedule' system of pressure ratings

PVC-U Pipes according to BS 3505/3506 (BS EN1452), PVC-U fittings according to BS 4346, ABS pipes according to BS 5391, and ABS fittings according to BS 5392 all use the 'class' system of pressure rating their components. Regardless of size, pipes and fittings are rated for use at a maximum working pressure according to the 'class'. Care must be taken to ensure that the integrity of the system is not compromised through the incorrect match of pipes and fittings from different pressure 'classes'. The pressure ratings of PVC-U and ABS pipes and fittings according to the pressure 'class' system is as follows:-

PVC-U and ABS pipes with a heavy wall 'Class T' (sometimes referred to as 'Class 7') rating are also produced as threading quality piping materials, or for use in installations requiring special support, temperature or pressure handling capabilities. Note that threading plastic pipes reduces the maximum operating pressure of the system by 50%.

PVC-U and PVC-C thermoplastic piping systems manufactured in accordance with ASTM requirements use a 'schedule' system of pressure ratings. Pipes are produced in three different 'schedules', 40, 80 & 120. Under this system the pressure rating of the pipe changes according to the pipe nominal bore size. Unlike pipe, there is presently no industry standard that specifies a working pressure for fittings. Moulded pipe fittings are manufactured to meet the minimum burst pressure requirements to that of schedule 40 and schedule 80 pipe. In common with the pipe, the pressure rating of the fittings decreases as the nominal pipe sizes increases. By way of example, the range of pressure ratings for 'schedule' pipes is as follows:-

Schedule 40, 80 and 120 pipes are manufactured to ASTM D1784 for materials and ASTM F 441 for pipe dimensions. PVC-U schedule 40 fittings are manufactured according to ASTM D2466, whilst PVC-U Schedule 80 fittings are manufactured according to ASTM D2467. PVC-C Schedule 80 fittings are manufactured according to ASTM F439.

Schedule 40 (PVC & PVC-C)Schedule 80 (PVC & PVC-C) Schedule 120 (PVC)

56 Bar (1/8") - 8.2 Bar (24")85 Bar (1/8") - 14.5 Bar (24") 70 Bar (1/2") - 25.5 Bar (6")

Class BClass CClass DClass E

6 Bar9 Bar12 Bar15 Bar


Selection of materials Terminology used to define pressure ratings for thermoplastic piping systems

Standard Dimensional Ratio (SDR)

'S' Series: ISO 4065

Comparison of SDR value with nominal pressure rating for common materials

Standard Dimensional Ratio (SDR) is used to define thermoplastic pipes in a variety of materials including polypropylene, polyethylene, and PVC-U. Taken from ISO 4065, SDR is described as being 'the ratio of the nominal outside diameter of a pipe to its nominal wall thickness'. To calculate the SDR according to ISO 4065 the following equation can be used:

However, although pipes in different materials might share the same SDR number, there may be distinct differences in both outside diameter and wall thickness. Unlike the `PN' or `S' Series' methods they will not share the same nominal pressure rating. This is because the hoop stress differs from one material to another. When selecting thermoplastic piping systems, it is recommended that in addition to the material type, the pipe dimensions, wall thickness, pipe series and SDR numbers are all referenced.

ISO 4065 specifies the relationship between the nominal wall thickness and the nominal outside diameter of thermoplastic pipe. Defined under this method, pipes of the same material with the same series or `S' number have the same pressure rating. According to ISO 4065, `S' is a dimensionless number that can be calculated from the following equation: S = SDR - 1 2

Example: SDR 11 Polypropylene

S = SDR - 1 2

S = 11 - 1 2

S = 5

SDR = d ewhere:SDR = Vlaue to be calculatede = Thickness of the pipe wall (mm)d = Pipe outside diameter (mm)

d

e

SDR = d/e

SDR514133262221

17,617

13,6119

7,46

PE 802.53.2456

6.37.68

1012.5162025

Nominal Pressure Rating (PN) by Material

PE 1003.245

6.37.68

9.710

12.5162025-

PP-

2.53.24--6--

10-

16-

PVDF--

10--

16-------

PVC-U4-6--

10--

16-

25--

PVC-C-----

10--

16-

25--


Selection of materials Calculating the allowable pressure and pipe wall

The vessel formula

Plastic pipes for vacuum or external pressure

The vessel formula is used to calculate the minimum pipe wall thickness for a thermoplastic pipe subject to a given internal pressure:

This formula can be used to calculate the pipe wall thickness for a variety of thermoplastic materials, however in smaller dimensions the actual production sizes of pipes may have increased wall thickness because of manufacturing constraints.

When subjected to vacuum or to an external fluid pressure, plastic pipes are subjected to stresses that can lead to the collapse of the pipe.

As a general guide, the following formula can be used to determine the collapse pressure dependent an the pipe size and operating temperature:

The modulus of elasticity can be obtained from the E modulus diagrams. Note that account must be taken of the operating temperature and service life. Pipe dimensions may be found in each material section.

Using the result from this calculation, the maximum allowable negative pressure can now be calculated using the following formula:

Pc = 20 x E x (e/D) 0.84

wherePc = Collapse Pressure (bar) E = Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) e = Wall Thickness (mm) D = Nominal Pipe Size - usually taken as the outside diameter (mm) 0.84 - Constant

Pe = Pc cwherePc = Collapse Pressure (bar) from calculation above Pe = Maximum Allowable Negative Pressure (bar) C = Safety Factory (usually 2) If Pe is greater than 1, the pipe is suitable for full vacuum under the calculated conditions.

e = p · d 20 · σ + p where:e = Thickness of the pipe wall (mm) d = Pipe outside diameter (mm) p = Permissible operating pressure at 20°C (bar) o = Permissible hoop (circumferential) stress with safety factor (N/mm2)20 = Constan



Example: Can a 200 mm O.D. DIN 8061/2 PVC-U PN10 pipe withstand a vacuum at 20°C and 50°C?

E-modulus diagrams

PVC-C PVC-U

Pipe size (D): 200 mmWall thickness (e): 9.6mmModulus of elasticity (E): 1420 N/mm at 20°C (from diagram) 580 N/mm at 50°C (from diagram)

At 20°C: Collapse pressure Pc = 20 x 1420 x (9.6/200)³ = 3.74 bar 0.84

Maximum negative pressure Pe = 3.74 = 1.87 bar 2 Answer: Pe = 1.87 > 1 so the pipe will support full vacuum at 20°C. At 50°C: Collapse pressure Pc = 20 x 580 x (9.6/200)³ = 1.60 bar 0.84 Maximum negative pressure Pe = 1.60 = 0.80 bar 2 Answer: Pe = 0.80 < 1 so the pipe will not support full vacuum at 50°C

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

20020 30 40 50 60

Temperature °C Temperature °C

Mod

ulud

of E

last

icity

N/m

m²

Mod

ulud

of E

last

icity

N/m

m²

20 30 40 50 60 70 80



E-modulus diagrams

ABS PP-H

PE 80* PVDF

650

600

550

500

450

400

350

300

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2600

2100

1600

1100

600

100

300

280

260

240

220

200

18020 30 40 50 60


Mod

ulud

of E

last

icity

N/m

m²

Mod

ulud

of E

last

icity

N/m

m²


Mod

ulud

of E

last

icity

N/m

m²

Mod

ulud

of E

last

icity

N/m

m²

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

* PE100: There are no e-modulus diagrams available yet for PE100, however as a guide it is recommended to raise the values of PE80 by 10%.


Selection of materials Adjusting the allowable pressure for increasing temperature 45.

Temperature correction (de-rating) factors

Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength of the pipe. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The temperature correction (de-rating) factors for each material is shown in the following table:-

MaterialPVC-UPVC-CABS

PolyproplenePolyethylene

PVDF

20°C1.001.001.001.001.001.00

Working Temperature

40°C0.580.810.720.820.530.82

60°C0.220.500.450.50

-0.66

80°C-

0.26-

0.25-

0.51

100°C---

0.05-

0.39

120°C-----

0.29

140°C-----

0.19


Selection of materials Plastic pipes for compressed air or gases 46.Although plastics can be used to transport compressed air, the selection of the correct material for this application is particularly important. The compressibility of air and/or other gases results in tremendous amounts of stored energy, even at low pressures. PVC-U and PVC-C have a brittle mode of failure, and should a fracture occur in a pipe handling compressed air or gas, the immediate release of the stored energy can cause extreme danger. Under these conditions, the velocity created by the rapidly escaping air and the resulting failure mode can throw shards of material in all directions. For this reason PVC-U or PVC-C must never be used for this application.Certain compressor oils are known to cause stress cracking of ABS and Polypropylene, and for this reason they are also not recommended for this application.

Polyethylene (PE) has good resistance to compressor oils, and has high ductility and impact strength. This material may be used for compressed air or gases (subject to the chemical suitability of the gas with the material).

AGRUAIR PE compressed air piping installed at a chemical plant

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Technical Information Selection of materials