Technical Unit

Environmental Characterization,

Prevention and Remediation

ENEA Casaccia

09/10/2013

Two Laboratories

Prevention of Natural Risks and

Mitigation of their Effects (PREV) Environmental Biogeochemistry (GEOC)

Technical Unit Environmental Characterization,

Prevention and Remediation (UTPRA)

UTPRA-GEOC Laboratory:

Environmental Biogeochemistry

GEOCHEMISTRY

Development of analytical methods and models (environmental

distribution and fate of micropollutants)

Monitoring programmes and characterization of contaminated

sites (natural geochemical background levels)

SENSORS/BIOSENSORS

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Bioremediation: harnessing the natural bioremediation potentials

Cultural Heritage: possible contribution of environmental

microbiology to diagnostic, restoration and conservation

Bioenergy: microbiological optimization of prcesses for biomass

valorization (coupling anaerobic digestion with fuel cells)

Siti contaminati come fonte di

nuova Biodiversità Microbica

per applicazioni in diversi campi

LA MINIERA DISMESSA DI INGURTOSU

I microorganismi sono in grado di sfruttare quasi ogni nicchia energetica

ossido-riduttiva del pianeta e stanno sistematicamente includendo nel loro

repertorio anche le nicchie artificiali create dai contaminanti ambientali

(nuovi composti di sintesi o alterazione delle concentrazioni “naturali” di elementi ) Sotto questo aspetto la biodiversità delle aree contaminate ha uguale

significato delle aree protette e degli ambienti naturali estremi (Convention

on Biological Diversity 2002, Montreal).

La biodiversità microbica autoctona di queste aree rappresenta una

potenziale soluzione per il risanamento delle aree stesse.

UTPRA-GEOC

Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology

Isolation of native microbial communities

•Heavy metals resistant (Pb, Cr,Cd, Zn, Mn, Co, Cu) •PHAs, diesel oil and raw oil Degraders •Biosurfactants producers

Bagnoli (Napoli): Disused metallurgic site

ENEA-OSS

Iranian crude-oil 2%(w/v)in sea water

1. Sprocati et al. (2006) in: Wiley-VCH:488-493 2. Alisi et al.(2009) Science of the Total Envir., 407 (8), 3024-3032.

Field trial at the Mining site of Igurtosu (Italy)

Funding: -Project TIDe , Italian Ministry for Research (2003-2006) - EU-FP7 UMBRELLA Project 226870 (2009-2013)- - Progetto Sviluppo di MEtodologie per la progettazione di interventi di bioRImedio (SMERI 2013-2015) POR Sardegna FESR 2007/2013

UTPRA-GEOC Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology BIOREMEDIATION

Ingurtosu mine-Sardinia. FIELD TRIAL Testing the “tool-box” (endemic plants coupled with correspondent native bacteria) for heavy metals stabilisation in mining sites across Europe

TEST-SITE CHARACTERISATION

CULTURABLE

FRACTION

UNCULTURABLE

FRACTION

GEO-CHEMISTRY

Heavy metals

content and mobility

MICROBIOLOGY BOTANIC

Autochtonous

species

Consortia for Tool- box •Heavy metals resistance and mobilisation /immobilization •N2-fixing •PO4-mobilisation •Siderophore-production •Phytohormons production

CLONE-LIBRARY

•Eubacteria

•Archaea

METABOLIC

PROFILING

Community-

level

POT experiment

UTPRA-GEOC Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology BIOENERGY

L’uso dei rifiuti per produrre energia, qualunque sia la catena energetica messa in atto, contribuisce sicuramente alla diminuzione della necessità di produzione di energia convenzionale, poiché il “combustibile” utilizzato è la biomassa che viene considerata neutra rispetto alla CO2. Nel caso specifico, impianti integrati DA - MCFC, si possono elencare ulteriori punti a favore: • la catena “DA - MCFC– trattamento digestato” è più efficiente della catena “digestore anaerobico – motore a combustione interna – trattamento digestato”, e produce più elettricità a parità di materia entrante : minore CO2 per kW prodotto, maggiore CO2 evitata, più tonnellate di petrolio equivalente evitate • le celle a combustibile non producono Sox, NOx, particolato (polveri sottili) • migliore qualità del calore e quindi una maggiore possibilità di utilizzo di tale calore sia in cicli dove c’è una forte domanda di calore (o anche di frigorie) sia per usi più convenzionali quali riscaldamento (affrescamento e produzione acqua calda (unità cogenerative e trigenerative) • la modularità di tali impianti e il fatto che l’efficienza è quasi indipendente dalla taglia rendono possibile un’applicazione capillare di tale pratica moltiplicando così gli effetti benefici di cui ai punti precedenti

BIOMASS VALORIZATION COUPLING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION WITH FUEL CELLS Funding: Project VEROBIO- MIPAAF (2010-2013) Project CERSE -MISE (2009-2012)

10

Materiale cartaceo trattato con colla (a) : dopo pulitura con un ceppo batterico di Ochrobactrum sp,la colla viene rimossa e diventano visibili le fibre di cellulosa (b)

UTPRA-GEOC

Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Cultural Heritage

CNTR 4 ore

CNTR

TBF11E

Solubilizza

carbonati e

solfati in

aerobiosi

UI3E

Degrada materiale

proteico

TBF11E

Solubilizza

carbonati e solfati

in aerobiosi

La procedura è oggetto della domanda italiana di brevetto depositata da ENEA n.RM2013A000519 http://www.enea.it/it/enea_informa/news/processo-biotecnologico-per-

la-rimozione-di-depositi-da-materiali-storico-artistici

1.5 –How much “Cultural Heritage” inside Horizon 2020? The answer to this question is quite simple: none! Reading the Commission and Council documents, it is easy to realize that words like “Heritage”, “Patrimony”, or “Culture” are completely lacking. Oops! “Culture” does exist, but inside “Agriculture”! In fact, it doesn’t exist a special “category” called “Cultural Heritage” to be specifically quoted inside these documents. In conclusion, the crucial steps are the Annual Programmes of Horizon 2020, where the “pulp” appears, and scientific and technological research on nanotechnologies, robotics, polymers, lasers, ICT, etc. may find a good application for the safeguard of Cultural Heritage objects of very different natures

UTPRA-GEOC Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Cultural Heritage

UTPRA-GEOC: L’approccio multidisciplinare dei biosensori

Biosensori per analisi di pesticidi nella frutta (uva)

PSII-based

biosensori per

analisi erbicidi

Biosensor (Tyrosinase) per la

Misura dei fenoli totali

Sensori per analisi indiretta di antiossidanti

negli alimenti

Nanowires e nanostructures per

applicazioni sensoristiche

Microchips per

immobilizzazione

guidata di

biomolecole

Biosensori per analisi di ammine biogene

negli alimenti

Caratterizzazione

elettrochimica e

microscopica

UTPRA-GEOC: L’approccio multidisciplinare dei biosensori IL PROTOTIPO DI MICROCHIP

1 mm

In COOPERAZIONE col CNR-IFN (V.Foglietti, M.Ilie)

Ael=0.015 mm2

controllo diretto del campo elettrico

Nanomaterials for various applications

Nanoparticles of semiconductors (CdS, CdSe, TiO2) as well as noble metals are synthesized in aqueous or micellar solutions.

A large variety of nanoparticles NPs (elemental Si and Fe, carbides, nitrides, metallic oxides like TiO2) are produced in developmental quantities by the technique of laser induced pyrolysis of reactants, and then dispersed in different matrices (liquid, solid). Highly reactive magnetic NPs are prepared in cooperation with INFLPR-Bucharest.

• Nanosystems and biosensors implementation:

Synthesis and immobilization of nanowires or nanotubes of Au, Pt, Ni entrapped in nanoporous template systems.

The nanostructured surfaces (nanoelectrodes) obtained or the immobilized nanoparticles are applied to electrochemical biosensors and characterized either by electrochemical techniques, and by scanning probe microscopy techniques (SPM)

Au nanowires in template membranes

(SEM, pore diameter 30 nm)

UTPRA-PREV Laboratory: Prevention of Natural

Risks and Mitigation of their Effects

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

Seismic Hazard Analysis (Engineering seismology, Seismic Input,

Microzoning, Local Seismic Response)

Experimental Dynamic Analysis of Structures and Monitoring

New Anti-Seismic Technologies

GEOLOGY

Geomorphological Risk

Soil Erosion and River Sediment

Hydrogeology

CIVIL PROTECTION

Collaboration with the Italian National Civil Protection Department

for prevention strategies and during the emergencies

EXP. VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES

Instrumentation by means of:

Velocimetric sensors (temporary array)

Accelerometric sensors (permanent array)

Recordings of:

Ambient vibrations (noise only)

Traffic-induced vibrations (vehicles, trains, underground)

Forced vibrations (vibrodine, impulse, earthquakes)

Data analyses in:

Time domain (Time-histories, peak values, effective values)

Frequency domain (Power and cross spectral densities)

Extraction of resonance frequencies, modal shapes and damping

System identification (Finite Element Models)

Fields of application

Analysis of strutures subject to dynamic loading (earthq., wind, traffic, etc.)

Vulnerability assessment and structural health monitoring

Dynamic behaviour of complex structures

Paolo Clemente Criteri di progetto di edifici con isolamento sismico

MODERNE TECNOLOGIE ANTISISMICHE PER LA RICOSTRUZIONE IN ABRUZZO

L’Aquila, 9 novembre 2009

Patrocinio: Ordine Ingegneri Provincia dell’Aquila

Ord. Architetti, Pianif., Paesagg. e Conserv. Prov. AQ GLIS - ASSISi

Acquisition and analysis of:

accelerometric strong motion records by ENEA local network

ambient noise and weak motion

Seismic microzoning

Analysis of landslides activated or reactivated by earthquakes, with

particular interest in “self-excitation” processes due to amplification of ground

motion

Assessment of specific seismic inputs, based on:

historical seismicity (Analysis of seismic historical documental sources)

local probabilistic hazard

accelerometric strong motion records

Local seismic response

UTPRA-PREV: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF NEW ANTI-SEISMIC TECHNOLOGIES

Design and optimization of base isolation systems

Design and optimization of energy dissipation devices

Modelling and analysis

New systems

DESIGN OF BASE-ISOLATION SYSTEMS

Angels of S.Giuliano School School in Marzabotto Romita High School in Campobasso School in Vado Iran Bastan Museum in Tehran Masonry building in Belluno

Use of base isolation for seismic retrofit of existing buildings is not usual for two main reasons:

Working difficulties

Excessive costs

For cultural heritage buildings:

The economic question is less important, due to their priceless

value, but working difficulties are much more, because:

The historical building are untouchable and so are its foundations,

The insertion of isolators devices in the walls is often impossible due to the presence of underground levels, crypts, decorated floors

SEISMIC ISOLATION OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

NEW IDEAS

Therefore, new isolation system are needed, which take into

account both the following parameters:

structural safety

conservation of the hystorical and artistic value

SEISMIC ISOLATION OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

Internal wall

External wall

Isolators

Upper cilindrical sector

Lower cilindrical sector

Earth Gap

PROPOSED ISOLATION SYSTEM

WALLS AND FINAL STRUCTURE

3 – Construction of vertical walls along the four sides of the building

4 – Realization of a rigid connection (concrete slab or other) between the building and the isolation system

FINAL STRUCTURE

ARMONIZZAZIONE NORME E CODICI

a

Specifiche tecniche dei Dispositivi anti-sismici Standard di codici per analisi numerica e modellazione Algoritmi per la valutazione del rischio ……..

SURFACE EROSION

Statistical models Linear regression for SSY

prediction

Tracer technique 137Cs-based technique

Parametric models RUSLE (Revised Universal

Soil Loss Equation)

Indirect observations Reservoir sedimentation

SURFACE EROSION

“in the field”

*US. Contact: USF Center for Biological Defense College of Public Health

University of South Florida, Health Sciences Center 3602 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612-9401

• the comprehension of the complex mechanisms regulating the distribution and fate of contaminants in the environment;

• the understanding of the importance of microorganisms as biological mediators of these chemical/physical mechanisms;

• the capacity of prevention and mitigation of the natural risks. can be only achieved with direct observations

and experiments in the field

Rubber boat for reservoir surveys

DGPS

Portable PC running navigation sw coupled with DGPS and Echo-sounder data acquisition

Echo-sounder

Study of the Comunelli and S. Rosalia reservoirs (Sicily, southern Italy) RIADE National Project (2003-2005)

RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION

Watershed application by means of GIS (Comunelli stream basin – Sicily) RIADE National Project (2003-2005)

Soil sampling for g -spectroscopy and textural analysis

Sampling points location based on pedomorphological units map derived from crossing soil texture-land use-slope steepness maps

137CS - TRACER TECHNIQUE

Paolo Clemente Criteri di progetto di edifici con isolamento sismico

MODERNE TECNOLOGIE ANTISISMICHE PER LA RICOSTRUZIONE IN ABRUZZO

L’Aquila, 9 novembre 2009

Patrocinio: Ordine Ingegneri Provincia dell’Aquila

Ord. Architetti, Pianif., Paesagg. e Conserv. Prov. AQ GLIS - ASSISi

Disaster in Messina area

Assessments of residual risk to infrastructure and population centers, in

collaboration with the National and Regional Civil Protection

MESSINA, OCTOBER 1ST, 2009

Palazzo Orsini a Morlupo Posizionamento di sensori

velocimetrici sul Palazzo Orsini a Morlupo (RM), oggetto di prove di

vibrazioni ambientali

IN FIELD

INSTRUMENTATION AND FACILITIES

• 24 channel recorder – 24 bit

• 30 short period seismometers

• 3 12 channel recorders – 19 bit

• 36 force balance acclerometers

• 1 compact 3 channel (2 Hz seimometers) 24 bit recorder

• 1 interferometric radar (1D and 2D configuration)

• GPS system

• 1 24 channel, vertical sensors, MASW system

• Open source GIS

• Software for structural modelling

APPLICATION FIELDS

1. Seismic microzoning

2. Local seismic network design, implementation and

managing

3. Structural health monitoring

4. Geomorphological risk analysis are the main expertise that

can be useful in preliminary studies and in over time control

of areas interested to:

a) Geothermic source research and exploitation, both in

seismic and non seismic zones.

b) Reservoir assessment

c) High risk industrial facilities

d) Land use planning

e) Risk assessment for cultural heritage

……