Techno-economicStudieson Network Slicingin Factories · 2018-12-20 · Techno-economicStudieson Network Slicingin Factories Jaspreet Singh Walia, [email protected] Aalto University,

Techno-economic Studies on Network Slicing in Factories

Jaspreet Singh Walia, [email protected] University, Finland

Prof. Heikki Hämmäinen, [email protected] University, Finland

Project: Micro-operator 5G (uO5G)

Introduction

• Currently industrial internet is comprised of many wireline and wireless technologies

(Ethernet, PROFIBUS, CAN, Wi-Fi, etc) with limitations in flexibility, mobility, scalability,

and reliability.

• Virtualization, network slicing and small cells in 5G can provide a solution but…

Research Question:

How does the 5G network slicing work in the factory use case?

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Jaspreet Singh Walia

Agenda: Four studies

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1. Factory connectivity scenarios and value network configurations

2. 5G (3GPP) vs. WiFi (IEEE) comparison – campus case

3. Remote maintenance connectivity

4. 5G Network slicing strategy in a smart factory

Relevant Work 1Future scenarios and Value Network Configurations for 5G Local Area Access in Industrial Machine-to-Machine Communications

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Micro-operator driven VNC

• Micro-operator handles local

connectivity, M2M platform and

services (factory IT department)

• Network slicing for tailoring service

quality

• Micro-operator as a neutral host for

MNOs

Notation used

Conclusions – Value Networks

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• Main identified future uncertainties in factory connectivity are

• M2M connectivity ecosystem (MNO vs. non-MNO driven)

• connectivity technology (3GPP vs. IEEE)

• Several VNCs will co-exist and compete

• Capability and willingness of large MNOs for vertical tailoring in factories?

Relevant Work 25G Micro-operators for the Future Campus: A Techno-economic Study

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Conclusions- 3GPP vs IEEE

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• Current campus WiFi solution is low cost (CAPEX and

OPEX) but quality varies (best effort) and has poor

mobility management

• 5G seems more costly per access point but with more

controllable service quality

• 5G optimizes spectrum usage which implies a smaller

number of access points (and related cost savings)

• 5G enables multi-tenancy and neutral host operation

(e.g. campus micro operator selling indoor capacity to

MNOs)

Relevant Work 3Techno-economic feasibility analysis of remote maintenance connectivity in factories

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Conclusions – remote maintenance

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• Three existing remote access models identified: mobile (through windows), tunneling (through

firewall) and isolated (manual file transfer)

• Factories are concerned about security issues wrt remote access to factory machines

• The future integrated remote access requires new coordination between factory and machine

providers (data sharing? security? resource sharing? slicing?)

Relevant Work 45G Network Slicing Strategy for a Smart Factory

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State of the Art

Factory managers:

• A closed local network to eliminate security concerns (Security)

• Outsourced connectivity management to an IT company (Make or buy )

• Looking at future networks to enhance the level of automation. (Approach to automation)

The current factory network has some missing capabilities and business limitations to support smart

factory use cases:

• Reliable wireless infrastructure

• QoS

• Future scalability

• Support for diverse device types and traffic

• Limited mobility

• Limited business opportunities

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Requirements for Smart Factory Use CasesUse Case Latency Data Volume Data Rate Density Mobility Operation Area Public Network Current Solution

Motion Control <1 ms Less than KB Low High Low or stationary Indoor Not required Industrial Ethernet, VLANs

(Low Reliability)

Control to Control <10 ms Less than KB Low High Low or stationary Indoor Not required Industrial Ethernet, VLANs

(Low Reliability)

Mobile Robots Variable, <1 ms, <500 ms Variable >10 Mbps Low <20 m/s Indoor and

outdoor

May be required Not available

Massive WSN Condition monitoring

(<10 ms), Interval based

(<1 s), Event based (<1

s)

Less than KB Low High Low or stationary Indoor and

outdoor

May be required Industrial Ethernet, VLANs

(Low Reliability)

Remote Access and

maintenance

Typically, Non-real time Less than KB Low P2P, M2M Low or Stationary Indoor and

multisite

Required Typically, not implemented but

possible on small scale with

Industrial Ethernet and VPNs

Augmented Reality,

HMI

<50 ms High High Low <10 Km/h Indoor Not required unless

remote support

Not available

Process Automation <10 ms Less than KB Low High Low or stationary,

mobile (30 Km/h)

Indoor and

outdoor

Not required (indoor),

may be required

(monitoring and

management)

Industrial Ethernet, VLANs

(Low Reliability)

Inbound logistics Vehicle (<10 ms)

Inventory (<1 s)

Less than KB Low Medium <30 Km/h Indoor and

outdoor

Required LoRa, Industrial Ethernet,

VLANs (Low Reliability)

Wide area fleet

maintenance

Relaxed (~30 min delay

upload)

Less than KB Low Medium Variable Outdoor Required LoRa

Factory within

Factory (modular

factories)

Use cases involved,

response (<1s ),

Configuration/

reconfiguration (<3 s)

Use cases

involved

Use cases

involved

Use cases

involved

Use cases

involved

Indoor and

outdoor

Required Not available

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3GPP, “TR 22.804 V16.1.0 Study on Communication for Automation in Vertical domains (CAV).”

Operational Challenges

There exist some challenges based on the service requirements and service flows in a smart factory

case:

• Integration and Compatibility

• Dual subscription

• Multi-tenancy

• Lifetime

• Security and Interoperability

• Diverse use cases

• Isolation

The integration and compatibility of networks is tackled by the 5G system architecture, and the

lifetime of networks depends on network equipment vendors and the deployment by operators, the

other challenges can be met with well defined network slice models.

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End-to-End Network Slices for Smart Factory

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End-to-End 5G Network Slices for a Smart Factory

(Vertical slices for smart factory use cases from a

horizontally sliced e2e network)

Network Slice Management and Orchestration

Management Functions for Network Slicing

Management Function Functionalities

Communication Service

Management Function (CSMF)

• Translate communication requirements to network slice requirements and communicate with the NSMF

Network Slice Management

Function (NSMF)

• Translate network slice requirements to network slice subnet requirements and communicate with CSMF and

NSSMF

• Management and orchestration of network slice instances

Network Slice Subnet Management

Function (NSSMF)

• Management and orchestration of network slice subnet instances and communicate with the NSMF

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3GPP TR28.801 V15.1.0, “Study on management and orchestration of network slicing for next generation network.”

uO Network Slice Provisioning and Management Model

In a smart factory context, the uO will be responsible:

• to translate the factory's communication service

requirements into network slice requirements. (CSMF)

• to translate the network slice requirements into

network slice subnet requirements. (CSMF,NSMF)

• to create network slice subnet instances and provide

the suitable subnets to network slices. (NSMF, NSSMF)

• to manage the network slices. (NSMF)

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Network slice provisioning and management model for a Micro-operator

uO Only

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Communication service = uO slice = uO subnets

The uO is responsible for translating

communication service requirements into

network slice requirements and creating the

required network slice subnets and providing

service specific network slice

uO and MNO Interworking Option 1 (Basic Customer)

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Communication service = uO slice = uO subnets

+ MNO subnets

uO and MNO interface by MNO providing

exposure to network slice configuration

uO configures network slice with subnets from

its own resources and from MNOs resources

uO’s NSMF must support multiple NSSIs as a

single network slice communication service to

the customer

uO and MNO Interworking Option 2 (Advanced Customer)

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Communication Service = local uO slice + wide

area MNO slice

uO and MNO interface with factory, both

providing own network slice as part of the

service

Customer manages CSMF, which must support

multiple network slices

Feasibility Study

Characteristics uO uO & MNO-1 (Basic Customer) uO & MNO-2 (Adv. Customer)

Service uO slice = uO subnets uO slice = local uO subnets + wide area MNO

subnets

Communication service = local uO slice + wide

area MNO slice

Interface Closed network/ Single operator At network slice subnet level At network slice level

Type of factory Isolated Operation Multi-site, visited factory scenario Multi-site, visited and home factory scenario

CostsFactory customer Single operator service

Limited business opportunities

Higher expenses

Medium management effort

Higher expenses

Multiple contracts

High management effort

Service Drivers Limited business opportunities

Infrastructure costs

High level of exposure

Interface costs

Sharing contract

Medium level of exposure

Higher interface costs

Sharing contract

Benefits

Factory customer Lower expenses

Higher reliability

Low management effort

Single contract

Multi operator service

Better inter-site and wide area service

Multi operator service

Better inter-site and wide area service

Better MNO services indoors

Service Drivers Single operator service

Strong uO control

Reduced costs

Medium uO control

Reduced costs

Weak uO control

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Costs and benefits for smart factory, uO and MNOs

Conclusions

• 5G architecture allows different levels of exposure of resources and this enable new business

models to develop

• The level of control and exposure can define the type of slice provisioning

• Multiple network slice management models can exist

• One model can be more suitable than other depending on:

-type of factory (security, level of automation)

-QoS and isolation requirements

-involved use cases

-number of contracts

-level of management effort by different actors

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Thank You!

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Documents

Techno-economicStudieson Network Slicingin Factories · 2018-12-20 · Techno-economicStudieson Network Slicingin Factories Jaspreet Singh Walia, [email protected] Aalto University,