Technology Guide 1

Hardware

Agenda

• Computer system

• Computer types

• Devices

• Source data automation

• Selection Criteria

Computer System

• Codes• Memory size• Speed• Input• Output• CPU• Primary storage• Secondary storage• Communication device

Codes

• ASCII

• EBCDIC

Memory Size

• Bit (binary digit), byte

• Kilobyte

• Megabyte

• Gigabyte

• Terabyte

Speed

• Millisecond

• Microsecond

• Nanosecond

• Picosecond

• Megahertz (MHz)

Agenda

• Computer system

• Computer types

• Devices

• Source data automation

Computer Types - Generations

• First generation: vacuum tubes• Second generation: transistors• Third generation: integrated circuits• Fourth generation: very large-scale integrated

(VLSI) circuits or ultra large-scale integration (ULSI)

• Fifth generation: massively parallel processing• DNA computers• Optical computers

Computer Types - Size

• Supercomputers• Mainframes• Minicomputers• Workstations• Microcomputers

– Desktop personal computers– Laptop computers/notebooks– Palmtop computers

Computer Types - Size

• Personal digital assistant

• Smart cards

• Network computers (NCs)

• Windows-based terminals (WBTs)

Agenda

• Computer system

• Computer types

• Devices

• Source data automation

• Selection Criteria

Devices - CPU

• Microprocessor• Control unit

– Machine cycle (MIPS): instruction time and execution time

– Clock speed: microcode (Megahertz MHz)

• Arithmetic-logic unit• Primary storage

– Random-access memory (RAM)– Block– Cache memory– Dynamic random access memories (DRAMs)– Read-only memory (ROM)

Devices - Buses

• Data bus

• Address bus

• Control bus

• Word length & width of the buses

Devices - Input

• Keyboard• Mouse• Touch Screen• Light pen• Joystick• Scanners• Voice• Automated teller machines

Devices - Output

• Monitors

• Printers– Impact printers– Nonimpact printers

• Plotters

• Voice

Devices – Secondary Storage• Magnetic tapes• Magnetic disks

– Redundancy Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)– Magnetic diskette

• Optical storage devices– Rewritable optical disks

• Compact disk – Read-only memory (CD-ROM) disks

• CD-writable (CD-W)• CD-Rewritable (CD_RW)

• Digital video disk (DVD)

Agenda

• Computer system

• Computer types

• Devices

• Source data automation

• Selection Criteria

Source Data Automation

• Point of sale terminals

• Bar code scanner

• Optical character reader

• Handwriting recognizers

• Voice recognizers

• Magnetic ink character readers

• Digital computer cameras

Agenda

• Computer system

• Computer types

• Devices

• Source data automation

• Selection Criteria

Selection Criteria

• Cost• Speed• Usage• Compatibility• Reliability• Feature• Future growth• Vendor support

Points to Remember

• Computer system

• Computer types

• Devices

• Source data automation

• Selection Criteria

Discussion Questions

• What is the usage of the following different type of computer?– Supercomputers– Mainframes– Minicomputers– Workstations– Microcomputers

• Desktop personal computers• Laptop computers/notebooks• Palmtop computers

Discussion Questions

• What are the important criteria for purchasing the computer hardware for a department store such as Macy’s?

• What are the important criteria for purchasing the computer hardware for a elementary school?

Assignment

• Review technology guide 1

• Read technology guide 2, 3, 4

• Form group and prepare group list

• Group assignment

• Research paper