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Technology Throughout History. Roots of Civilization Carroll. The Old Stone Age. Homo Erectus Used tools for digging, scraping, and cutting. Developed Spoken Language. First to use fire. Which of the technologies above were most important for the evolution of man? Explain. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ROOTS OF CIVILIZATIONCARROLL
Technology Throughout History
The Old Stone Age
Homo Erectus Used tools for digging,
scraping, and cutting. Developed Spoken
Language. First to use fire. Which of the
technologies above were most important for the evolution of man? Explain.
The Discovery of Agriculture
Slash and Burn FarmingDomestication of AnimalsSettlements along Rivers
River Valley Civilizations
http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-farming#mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-farming
Agricultural Innovations – Controlling Water
Irrigation
Shaduf
Levees
Review: What dangers did people face by not controlling water?
Farming Innovations
The SickleThe PlowTerrace FarmingCrop RotationHow did each of these innovations make farming and harvesting more effective?
Early Civilizations
Sumerians (Mesopotamia) Arithmetic and Geometry: Developed
a number base in 60 which stem the modern units for measuring time (60 secs = 1 min) and 360º Circle.
Architecture: Arches, ramps, columns, and the pyramid shaped Ziggurat.
Cunieform Egypt
Architecture: The Pyramids Mummification – embalming and
drying the corpse to prevent it from decaying.
Hieroglyphics Calendar: 365 day solar year with 12
months and 30 days.
Early Civilizations
Indus Valley Harappan Cities
Fortified Citadel Plumbing and Sewage Systems Houses with bathrooms
China Roads and Canals were built to
stimulate trade and agriculture Coined money Blast furnaces were used to
produce cast iron tools and weapons
Bronze: http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=NE9VTYrLycs
The Technology of Ancient Greece
Athenian Architecture The Parthenon
Athenian Philosophy Socrates: “There is only one
good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
Plato: “Philosophy begins wonder.”
Aristotle: “He who studies how things originated…will achieve his clearest view of them.”
What is philosophy and what is your philosophy on life?
Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria
Architecture The Lighthouse Pharos
350 ft tall and contained a polished bronze mirror which reflected a blazing fire.
Question: What are the dangers of having a stone structure so large? Hint: this event in 2011 caused a crack in the Washington Monument.
Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria
Astronomy Aristarchus of Samos
First to estimate that the sun was bigger than the Earth. He guessed 300 times bigger. It is actually 1.3 million times bigger.
Ptolemy Incorrectly placed Earth at the center of the
solar system. This was believed for 14 centuries.
Eratosthenes Using geometry, he computed the Earth’s
circumference between 28,000 and 29,000 miles. Modern Measurements put it at 24,860 miles
Question: What can you conclude about the culture of Alexandria based on the study of astronomy? Explain
Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria
Mathematics and Physics Euclid: Wrote Elements which contained
465 carefully presented geometry propositions and proofs.
Archimedes: Accurately estimated the value of pi Also, explained the law of the lever. Archimedes Screw.
Pythagoras Pythagorean Theorem: a² +b² = c²
Try this: Create an example and solution of the Pythagorean Theorem.
Then find the circumference of a circle with a diameter of 10 cm.
Extra Credit: Build an Archimedes Screw to demonstrate to class.
The Technology of Rome
Roman Road System http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=1SZZWrENhnEArchitecture : Arch,
dome, and concrete. Colosseum Roman Aqueduct
Technology of the Middle Ages (500-1500 A.D)
Western Europe fell apart after the fall of the Roman Empire. Invaders attacked from all directions.
The Vikings Ships with 72 oars, but could
carry up to 300 men in the seas, rivers, and streams.
The Manor and the three field system.
Medieval Weapons Questions:
How would you describe Middle Ages technology based on these images?
Why would people spend their whole lives on manors at this time?
Middle Ages – Gothic Architecture
Gothic cathedrals thrust upward reaching towards heaven. Light streamed in through stain glass windows. Arts were seen in sculptures, wood carvings, and stained glass windows. Features of Gothic
Architecture Ribbed Vaults Flying Buttresses Pointed Arches Tall Spires
The Technology of India
Expansion of Trade led to advances in science Adopted western time keeping
500 A.D.: Indian Astronomers prove the Earth is round by viewing and eclipse and seeing the Earth’s shadow was curved.
Mathematics Modern numerals, the zero, and the decimal system were invented in India Aryabhata calculated pi to four decimal places and the length of the solar
year as 365.36. Medicine
Medical guides compiled more than 1,000 diseases and 500 medicinal plants.
Hindu physicians performs surgeries including plastic surgery.
Question: What civilization(s) that we have looked at so far are similar to the early India civilization? Explain.
The Technology of China
Paper: 105 A.D.Silk and the Silk
RoadsGunpowderCompassTask: Rank the
Chinese technologies above based on their impact on the world. Explain your rankings.
The Technology of Islam
Architecture: The Use of Domes and arches are seen
throughout the world. Medical Advances
Al-Razi – arguable the best physician of World Civilization between A.D. 500 and 1500. He wrote Comprehensive Book which was a comprehensive medical encyclopedia.
Math and Science Muslims scholars studied the works of Greek
scholars. Creation of Algebra (al-jabr)
Question: Does science disprove the existence of God or any Supreme being or does knowledge bring you closer to a God or Supreme being? Explain
Early Mesoamerica
The Nazca and the Nazca Lines
Review: How were the Nazca Lines made and what was their purpose?
The Technology of Mesoamerica
Anasazi Pueblos
Hopewell and the Mississippian Mound
Builders Note the
Pyramid shaped Mounds
Totems
Technology of the Mayans A.D. 250 - 900
Mayan cities featured giant pyramids, temples, palaces, and elaborate stone carvings dedicated to the gods of important rulers.
Religious beliefs led to the development of the calendar, mathematics, and astronomy.
Mayans developed 2 calendars 260 day religious calendar with thirteen 20 day
months. 365 day solar calendar which consisted of
eighteen 20 day months. Each calendar carefully meshed with the other. Mayans calculated the solar year to be 365.2420
days which is .0002 of a day short. This is pretty amazing if you think about it.
Mayans also had the concept of zero.
Question: What do the Mayans have in common with other Early cultures we have studied so far?
The Renaissance
Johann Gutenberg The Printing Press
enabled a printer to produce hundreds of copies of a single work.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkfiT7p_1GA
Question: Why did the printing press change the world?
Roots of Civilization Technology Questions
What do you believe was the most important advancement for technology in civilizations? Why? (Think Farmer Flowchart)
Why was astronomy so important for each of the civilizations?
Why do you believe pyramids are present in multiple civilizations which have a no contact with each other? (Think Sumerian Ziggurats, Egyptian Pyramids, Mound Cultures of Mesoamerica, and the Mayans.)
If you could live in any of the ancient civilizations based on technology, which would you choose and why?