Tektronix LTE Test SolutionNext Technology Wave for Mobile Networks

March 2009

Source: www.pixelio.de

2009-4-22

Agenda

� LTE Overview

� Tektronix LTE test solution overview

� NSA LTE Monitoring test solution

� K1297-G35 LTE Functional and Load test Solution

2009-4-23

LTE Overview

IMS Core

IMS Core

S4 � SGSNS12 � RNC

S6a � HSS/HLR

MME: Mobility

Management Entity(Control-Plane Function)

Serving Gateway(User-Plane Function)

Evolved UTRAN• No RNC anymore• More intelligence in the

Evolved Node-B

Uu

2009-4-24

� Evolved radio interface leads to high bandwidth efficiency:

– Smart, multi-antenna techniques leads to higher data rates (MIMO)

– Improved error correction in poor signal conditions with HARQ

– Flexible spectrum usage – different bands, varying band sizes

� Optimized packet switched services

– Shared OFDMA channel improves

quality and data rates

– End to end IP for both real-time

(Voice, Video) and non-real time traffic

� Simplified network topology

– Flat, all IP architecture – reduces hardware

requirements and costs for operators

– RNC “disappeared”, eNodeB is a self-governing entity

– Less complex topology leads to lower

latency for the end user

LTE – Next Generation, Improved Possibilities

Camped-state(idle)

Active(Cell_DCH)

Dormant(Cell_PCH)

Less than 100msec

Less than 50msec

2009-4-25

LTE – Next Generation, New Challenges

� High speed, high capacity air interface– Single UE can support 150 Mbit/s in DL and up to 50 Mbit/s in UL

– Single cell can support data rates of up to 330 Mbit/s

� Removal of RNC “control” function– RRM-related protocols and measurement reports no longer

available on a wireline interface to determine air interface proceduresand performance

– Traditional monitoring point for air functionality disappears

� Air interface is more robust but also more complex

� How can the functionality and “information” be tested and accessed? How many UEs can be supported?

CPRI/OBSAI/Debug port

e-Node Be-Node B

150 Mbit/s

Evolved PacketCore

X2

S1

S1

S1

S1

e-Node Be-Node B

MME

SAE-GW

MME

SAE-GW

2009-4-26

Tektronix – A Solid Partner for the LTE Lifecycle

Operate, Monitor, Manage, Optimize

Verify Equipment Design and Integrate into Network

NetworkElementTest

SystemsIntegration

Test

Inter-operabilityTest

FieldTrial

Installation &

Commission

AcceptanceTest

NetworkMaintenance& Restoration

NetworkOptimization

ServicePerformance& Quality

Management

ResourceProvisioning& Allocation

Geoprobe for 24/7 NetworkManagement and Performance

Market leader for service

monitoring and management

NSA for I&V, IOT, Trials, Live Networks and OptimizationMarket leader for deep-dive trouble-

shooting and optimization applications

G35 for Functional & LoadMarket leader for functional and

system verification, IOP and load testing

0% churn of Tektronix customers in lab and operator environments

Tektronix maintains >35% share of OSS and non-OSS markets

2009-4-27

Tektronix Communications

Markets and Products

Functional& Load Test

WirelessField Test

Stationary/PassiveMonitoring

Network Diagnostics

Network Management

Tektronix Communications Markets Served

Communications Business SectorsFocus on High Growth Areas

Triple Play PSTNWirelessBroadband

2.5G,EDGE

3G,UMTS,

UTRAN, TD-SCDMA

3G+,WiMax,

LTE/UWB,UMA

VoiceoverIP

VideooverIP

LegacyGSM &

SS7

IMS

Fixed Mobile Convergence

DataoverIP

Market DriversWireless anytime, anywhere

IP-ization

Network Optimi-zation

PortableMonitoring

NSA = Network & Service Analysis of the Complete Pallet of Mobile Network Technologies

2009-4-28

NSA LTE Monitoring Test Solution

2009-4-29

Committed to LTE/SAE, and a proud member of the

� Considered as a highly competent, reliable technology partner, Tektronix consistently wins LTE technical evaluations

– „Only T&M that has the right strategy both for LTE labs, and for LTE live network environments“

– “Deservedly reputable for protocol development”

– „Excellent feature set for field analysis”

– „Best tool available on the market“

� Considered as LTE T&M thought leaders, Tektronix is invited by leading operators to:– Develop MNO LTE RFP specs

– Participate in trial environments

– Partner on devising cost-effective 24/7 LTE monitoring strategies

UE eNodeB

eNodeB

Serving

Gateway

MME

SGSN

HSS

PDN

Gateway

PCRF

IMS, PSSUu S1-U

S1-MME

X2

S3

S4

S6a

S11

SGi

S7 Rx+

GERAN

UTRAN

2009-4-210

Challenges of LTE /SAE

LTE Challenges

� Volume of data to monitor– High speed, high capacity air interface

– Single UE can support 100 Mbit/s

– Single Cell can support data rates of up to 330 Mbit/s

– 10 Gbit/s wireline interfaces as standard

� Removal of RNC „control“ function– Measurement reports no longer available on a wireline interface to determine air

interface performance

– Traditional monitoring point for air functionality disappears

� Accessing key air interface information with current toolset difficult

2009-4-211

Importance of air interface testing

� For Vendors

– Provides deep dive insight of

eNodeB functionality– Does lower layer functionality

perform as expected?

– Do all layers of the stack function as required?

– How do lower layer issues impactupper layer services?

� For Operators

– Allows the operators to evaluate– eNodeB performance

– Handset performance

– Radio network performance

– User service experience

2009-4-212

Desired insight into the air interface

Basic radio bearer control analysis

Basic admission control analysis

Advanced radio bearer control analysis

Admission quality control analysis

Advanced connectivity analysis

Dynamic resource allocation analysis

Scheduling analysis

Basic control plane load balancing analysis

Inter-RAT resource management analysis

Admission control efficiency analysis

Advanced user plane load balancing analysis

Basic connectivity control analysis

Is the RAN functioning?

How well is the RAN functioning?

How can the RAN optimally function?

2009-4-213

Accessing the air interface with the K2Air probe

CPRI/

MAC

PHYMME

SAE-GWMME

SAE-GW

External IP-Network

MAC

PHY

X2

S1UuUL & DL

Tektronix K2Air Probe

Tektronix NSA/Optimon

e-NodeB

Tektronix K18 /K20for fixed interfacedata collection

e-NodeB

LTE Ue

S*

Uu

Uu

Monitoring point

UP-PDUs

GTP-U

UDP

Data Link

PHY

NAS

S1-AP

SCTP

Data Link

PHY

IPX2-AP GTP-U

SCTP

IP

Data Link

PHY

UDP

UP

PDCP

RLC

RRC

PDCP

RLC

NAS

2009-4-214

K2Air Probe - Basic functionalities

Uplink/Downlink Receiver:� Time- and frequency- synchronisation

� Real-time OFDMA / SC FDMA processing� Channel estimation, Channel Correction

� Common phase error correction

� Deframing,demultiplexing,demodulation,descrambling, rate

matching and deinterleaving� HARQ (soft combining), FEC decoder, Channel mapping

� Transport channel interface (to MAC layer)

MIMO Support

� 2 x 2 MIMO reception� 4 x 4 MIMO reception ( optional )

� FDD and TDD

Interfaces:�1* I&Q digital, optical and electrical

�2 x 1GBit Ethernet Interface�USB Interface

�External 38,4 MHz reference clock input

Mechanical:�Stand alone device�19 “ , 1 HU housing

�Power consumption max. 100W

Interface and Control Logic:�CPRI interface

�Clock and Frame recovery

�Global System Control unit

CPRI

MAC

PHYMAC

PHY

UuUL & DL

e-NodeBMME

SAE-GW

Tektronix NSA/Optimon

Real-Time, Promiscuous Mode, UL/DL Monitoring of up to 300 Users

2009-4-215

Uu Probe - Physical Layer Measurements

CPRI

MAC

PHYMAC

PHY

UuUL & DL

e-NodeB

Tektronix LTE Uu Probe

Tektronix NSA/OptimonPhysical Layer Measurements� RF parameter measurement ( Rx power, RX

bandwidth)� Measurement of clock & timing offsets � Frequency offset measurement� External reference input for connection of

high-accurate Rubidium-Frequency-Generator

� Time & frequency domain signal capturing and analysis

� Constellation diagram analysis per resource block / OFDM symbol / subcarrier

� Measurement of channel transfer function� Real time reception of all LTE compliant

Physical layer modes and modulation formats� Decoding and analysis of LTE UL & DL

channels� HARQ measurements� BER measurements and CRC� Channel quality information (CQI)

Measurements

UP PDURRC

PDCP

RLC

MAC

2009-4-216

Uu Probe/ MAC Layer Measurements

MAC Layer Measurements�Basic MAC layer functionality: �Mapping transport channels to MAC PDU and vice versa�Extended MAC layer functionality: �Control and scheduling of up to 8 CID and up to 8 HARQ processes per UE (TDD – up to 16)�Measurement and analysis of logical channels and transport channels�Measurement and analysis of scheduler information

�HARQ measurements�Radio Resource Allocation Measurement�Measurement of QoS priority handling

CPRI

MAC

PHYMAC

PHY

UuUL & DL

e-NodeB

Tektronix LTE Uu Probe

Tektronix NSA/Optimon

UP PDURRC

PDCP

RLC

MAC

2009-4-217

RF Spectrum Analysis in a Protocol Analyzer

Supporting RF Connectivity Analysis• Input power and received bandwidth• Clock and Timing Offset• Frequency Offset

Resource Usage Analysis• Time and Frequency Domain Signaling and resource block/OFDM symbol/sub-carrier usage

Channel Quality and Error Control Analysis• CQI, HARQ, BER and CRC measurements

2009-4-218

LTE RAN Monitoring – Functionality comparison

Basic radio bearer control analysis Fix

ed

line

monitori

ng

K2A

ir P

robe

Depth

of

insig

ht

Basic admission control analysis

Advanced radio bearer control analysis

Admission quality control analysis

Advanced connectivity analysis

Dynamic resource allocation analysis

Scheduling analysis

Basic control plane load balancing analysis

Inter-RAT resource management analysis

Admission control efficiency analysis

Advanced user plane load balancing analysis

Basic connectivity control analysis

2009-4-219

� LTE Probes– K2x GbE probe for high load environments

– High Density – up to 12 Rx 100/1000 ports

– High Capacity – up to 7.5 Gbit/s input, 2.5Gbit/s output

– High flexibility – Multiple HW filters, working at line rate

– K18 GbE probe for lower load environments– 4 Rx 100/1000 Mbit/s ports per probe

– Multiple HW filters, working at line rate

� Optimal scalability: single probe to seamless multi-probe installations

� Optimal capacity: solutions for higher and lower load environments

LTE Wireline Interface Probes

2009-4-220

NSA LTE – Call Trace and Session Statistics

Bottom up approach to troubleshooting:• Distribution of every protocol message

• Graphical and numerical views of statistical data• Graphical display of events by time

• Direct access to message details

• „Drill up“ from single messages to entire call flow

Top down approach to troubleshooting:• Every transaction identified and classified

• Correlation of all messages in each transaction

• Easy filtering of events by e.g. IMSI/IMEI

• Powerful filtering options to minimize data• Direct access to message details

• „Drill down“ to bits and bytes of every message

� 360° network performance view with seamless wireless & wireline interface correlation� Uu, S* and X2 support available

2009-4-221

Message Statistics – all parameters, all interfaces

Statistical and call based KPI analysis

� Broad scan allows quick identification of existing/developing issues

� Stability issues easily identified via distribution over time displays

� Multi interface KPI aggregation and analysis

2009-4-222

NSA LTE – Service Layer Analysis at the Air Interface

Identifiying end user issues

� Visualization of throughput on each

layer

� Correlation of activities e.g. handover

� „Switch“ on/off parameters as required

� Graphical analysis of RF quality

� Radio Chart analysis: Cell-, User- and Call-based

� KPI User plane analysis on Uu interface

2009-4-223

NSA Monitoring Test Summary

Tektronix provides operators and vendors with an LTE solution that:

� Provides deep dive air interface analysis with the K2Air Probe

� Ensures a 360° view of network performance with seamless wirelessand wireline interface correlation

� Extends its market leading inter-operability features to LTE

� Meets and exceeds theload requirements of LTE

� Prevents critical insight intoIP services QoS

2009-4-224

K1297-G35 Functional and Load Test Solution

2009-4-225

eUTRAN Test

G35 LTE/EPC Product PortfolioCore Elements Test

Protocol Analysis and Statistics

– S1-MME, S10, S11 fully

– S1-U, S5, S8 fully

– S6a, S13 fully

Simulation:

– multiple eNB’s on S1

– multiple MME’s on S11 & S10

– multiple S-GW on S11, S5, S8

– multiple eNB’s on X2

HSS, EIR Support

– HSS on S6a

– EIR on S13

Interworking:

– LTE & CDMA2000

– LTE & 2.5G/3G

– LTE & WiMAX

– LTE & IMS

Mobility

– LTE � CDMA2000

– LTE � 2.5G/3G

– LTE � WiMAX

Protocol Analysis and Statistics

– Uu fully

– S1 fully

– X2 fully

Simulation:

– multiple LTE UE’s on Uu

– multiple MME’s on S1

– multiple S-GW on S1

– multiple eNB’s on X2

Uu-Probe Support

– Signalion SORBAS

– Aerfoflex TM500

Interworking Test

2009-4-226

eUTRAN Testing

2009-4-227

Multi Air-IF Probe Support

� G35

– Simulates protocol layers above

(and including) PDCP

– Decodes down to RLC/MAC layer

– Provides statistics for all protocol

layers, including PHY!

� Uu probe takes care of

RLC/MAC/PHY layer simulation

� G35 RF-Test combined with Uu-

Probe, multi vendor support

– Aeroflex TM500

– Signalion all SORBAS 21x

� Typical timeframe to support

additional Uu-Probes:

– � around 4-6 weeks per probe

2009-4-228

Accessing the Air Interface

� Four possible strategies:

LTE Air Interfaces

CPRI(digital)

OBSAI(digital)

RF Antenna(analog)

Ethernet Port(digital)

� RRH w/ RF receiver and high speed ADC providing IQ-sample stream

� Generally standardized

� Full data availability

� OBSAI provides API between RRH and core eNodeB entity

� Standardized but special vendor implementations exist

� Full data availability

� Port can provide basic level statistics on e.g. admission control, radio bearer control…

� Vendors/3GPP standards must be influenced by operator and initiative groups

� Subset data availability

� Probes hook on RF coax cables

� Issue: System sensitivity changescan influence measurements

� “Test UE” can be used

� Full data availability

2009-4-229

Tektronix G35 meets eUTRAN Challenges

� Uu feature set

– Full Simulation capabilities for PDCP, RRC, NAS and User Plane Protocol Stack

including handover

– Protocol Analysis “down to the bit” for all Protocol Layers including RLC/MAC

– Sophisticated measurement and statistics analysis and presentation for PHY,

RLC/MAC, Layer3 and User Plane data

– Radio bypass on G35 to support RLC/MAC-independent testing (e.g. RRM etc.)

2009-4-230

Tektronix G35 meets eUTRAN Challenges

� G35 provides full test support on S1- and X2-Interface

� Bracket- and E2E-tests around e-NodeB including inter-RAT handover support

� X2/S1 transport layer performance and QoS test

� User Plane:

– Full VoIP and IMS support on

G35

– QoS testing (RTP delay, jitter,

packet loss generation)

– PN9/PN15 Polynomial

generation, BER analysis

� Gateway function to connect external IP-applications, networks and data sources to the LTE-test setup

S1 / X2 Feature Set Other Feature Sets

2009-4-231

Example: e-NB Bracket Test on S1 and Uu

UE-SideUE-Side

S1Uu

e-NodeBe-NodeB

UE Emulation e-NodeB functions/protocols MME/SAE-GW Simulation

NASNAS

RRCRRCUP-PDUsUP-PDUs

PDCPPDCP

RRCRRC

PDCPPDCP

PHYPHY

S1-APS1-AP GTP-UGTP-U

SCTPSCTP

IPIP

Data LinkData Link

PHYPHY

UP-PDUsUP-PDUs

GTP-UGTP-U

UDPUDP

Data LinkData Link

PHYPHY

NASNAS

S1-APS1-AP

SCTPSCTP

Data LinkData Link

PHYPHY

Combined Control and User Plane Testing

MMESAE-GW

MMESAE-GW

MME

SAE-GW Side

IPIP

UDPUDP

UMTS,WiMAX, IMS,

etc.

RLCRLC RLCRLCRF-bypass RF-bypass<IP|UDP…>

G35 legacy support

New Implementation in G35 for LTE

PHYPHY

MACMACMACMAC

L3++

RF-Bypass

G35 - eUTRAN Tester

2009-4-232

Further eUTRAN Use Cases

e-NodeB Bracket Test on X2 and S1 S1 Simulator

2009-4-233

EPC Testing

2009-4-234

EPC Testing Overview

� Key Network Elements

– MME: Mobility Management Entity

– Handles security transactions

– Handles intra-RAT (idle mode support) and inter-RAT mobility– E.g. Handover with CDMA2000 networks

– S-GW: Serving Gateway

– Handles User-Plane transport

– Traffic scheduling / priorititization

– PDN-GW: User-plane interfaces mostly with other non-3GPP networks

� Key 3GPP requirements placed on Evolved Packet Core:

– Use All-IP for end-to-end control-plane transactions

– Interwork with existing 2.5G/3G core network elmts

– E.g. SGSN, HSS/HLR

– Interwork with other mobile technologies

– E.g. CDMA2000 networks, WiMAX, WLAN, etc...

2009-4-235

Example: eUTRAN Simulator on S1

S1

S1S3X2

Uu

Uu

G35 simulates

Combined Control and

User Plane Testing

G35 legacy support

New Implementation in G35 for LTE

2009-4-236

S-GWEmulation

S-GWEmulation

S103

e-UTRAN-Side e-UTRAN-Side

S101

Example: MME Bracket Test on S1, S6a, S13 and S101 1/3

S1

Real MMEReal MME

MME Emulation

S101-APS101-AP

IPIP

DLDL

PHYPHY

UP-PDUsUP-PDUs

IP/UDPIP/UDP

GREGRE

Data LinkData Link

PHYPHY

S101-APS101-AP

UDPUDP

Data LinkData Link

PHYPHY

HRPDAN

HRPDAN

CDMA2000-Side

IPIP

UDPUDP

UP-PDUsUP-PDUs

GTP-UGTP-U

UDPUDP

Data LinkData Link

PHYPHY

S1-APS1-AP

SCTPSCTP

Data LinkData Link

PHYPHY

IPIP

S1-APS1-AP

SCTPSCTP

G35 legacy support

New Implementation in G35 for LTE

NASNAS NASNAS

GTP-CGTP-C

S11

IPIP

DLDL

PHYPHY

IPIP

DLDL

PHYPHY

UDPUDP

HSS EIR

MobilityAuth/SecurityInterworking

…

S6a S13

Diameter Applications

IPIP

G35 - EPC Tester

Control Plane Testing

2009-4-237

Summary: G35 “All-In-One” LTE Solution

� First real LTE Functional & Load Test Platform for all e-NodeBinterfaces

– Complete GUI-based Test Platform

– Multi-UE Simulator

– Multi e-NodeB Simulator

– Sophisticated Functional Test Capability, free programmable

– High Capacity & Load LTE/EPC Network Element Simulator

– Scalable Functional Load/Capacity Test capabilities

– Compliance and IOP Test: TTCN-3 Support, Scripting Support

– External Test Management and Test Automation Integration over

CORBA (Python, Java, C, C++ Examples included)

� “Down to the Bit” Scalable Monitoring

– Detailed Decoding for all Interfaces

– Powerful, customizable statistics&analysis for PHY, MAC, RLC and all

other Layers

– Distributed, multi-interface data aquisition

2009-4-238

Summary: G35 “All-In-One” LTE Solution

� Multi Uu-Probe Support

– Aeroflex

– Signalion

– Radio Bypass

� Multi Technology Support in a box

– LTE

– 2.5G/3G

– WiMAX

– FemtoCell Support

– IMS, Voice/Video over IP

� “All-In-ONE” Solution

– Functional Test & Load Test

– Protocol Analysis

– All mobile technologies incl. TD-SCDMA

Thank You