Tempest Express 26 Disaster Stakeholders in the Pacific Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance Jesse Wolfe, DMHA Advisor

Tempest Express 26

Disaster Stakeholders in the PacificCenter for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance

Jesse Wolfe, DMHA Advisor

Noumea, New Caledonia

2 April 2015

The Challenge

1. Duplication of Efforts2. Host Nation Fatigue3. Information Sharing 4. Trust & Transparency5. Disparate data in multiple domains6. Seek unity of effect with a diverse group of actors:- Affected state- Civilian agencies- International community- NGOs - Assisting state militaries

Disaster Anatomy - Definition

A serious disruption of the functioning of society which poses a significant, widespread threat to human life, health, property or the environment, whether arising from accident, nature or human activity, whether developing suddenly or as the result of long term processes, but excluding armed conflict.

Disaster Anatomy - Definition

A serious disruption of the functioning of society which poses a significant, widespread threat to human life, health, property or the environment, whether arising from accident, nature or human activity, whether developing suddenly or as the result of long term processes, but excluding armed conflict.

Disaster Anatomy - Effects

Causes significant loss of life, material, property

Causes disruption in the functioning of a society

Exceeds ability of the society to cope with or absorb the damage

Affects livelihoods and economy; requires prolonged recovery

ResponsePreparedness

RecoveryRisk Reduction

DISASTER

Disaster Risk Management Cycle

Military Impact

Military Impact Military Impact



DISASTER

Response Phase

Emergency services conducted in the phase immediately following the onset of the disaster to minimize the hazards created by the disaster.




DISASTER

Recovery Phase

The restoration and improvement, where

appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions of disaster-affected communities,

including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.




DISASTER

Risk Reduction Phase

Minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid or to limit adverse impact of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development.




DISASTER

Preparedness Phase

Society takes active measures to anticipate, ensure effective responses to the most likely disruptive scenario and transition to sustained recovery.


Affected Population

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An affected population is a group of people who are directly impacted by a conflict or a disaster.

Refugees Internally

Displaced PersonsStateless Persons

Vulnerable Persons

People who have a fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership to a social group or political opinion, and are outside their country of nationality.

Have been forced to flee their homes to avoid the effects of armed conflict, violence, violation of human rights, or disaster.

People who are not considered a national by any state.

People who are vulnerable to hardships or undue influence, or have special needs, due to age, gender, ethnicity, infirmity, or unique situation.

Affected Population

Internally Displaced Persons

Someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee.

• 26.4 million in 2011• 28.8 million in 2012• 33.3 million in 2013

• IDPs outnumber refugees 2 to 1

• No single international agency has responsibility for response

• Estimated 50 million IDPs every year due to natural disasters

Nat’l Red Cross/Red Crescent

Humanitarian County Team

NGOs

Nat’l NGOs

Host Govt.Agencies

Disaster StrikesDonor

NGO

NGO

NGO

NGO

NGO

NGO

DonorDonor

Donor

NGO

NGO

NGO

“Fog of Relief”

Military

Forces

National DisasterManagement Organization

Local EmergencyManagement

Agency(LEMA)

AustraliaEmbassy

Multi-National

Coordination Center

Food Aid Cluster

Other Clusters

Logistics Cluster

WASH Cluster

ASSISTING STATES AFFECTED STATE INTERNATIONALCOMMUNITY

ADF

AffectedState

Military

UN

, R

ed C

ross

Mov

emen

t, I

nt’l

Org

aniz

atio

ns,

NG

Os

FrenchEmbassy

USEmbassy

JTF

Humanitarian Country Team

PACOM

NZEmbassy

Affected State

• The Affected State is an independent nation whose sovereignty and integrity shall be respected.

• The Affected State, is in the lead, but overwhelmed in its ability to manage the response.

• International relief operations shall be conducted only at the request or consent of the Affected State.

• The Affected States National Disaster Management structures provide the framework for international response.

• Effective delivery of humanitarian assistance will:

– Provide for the needs of the Affected State, with special emphasis on the needs of women, children, and persons most vulnerable;

– Be consistent with internationally recognized standards; and

– Be provided by trained personnel with the involvement of the affected population and in a manner respectful of the local customs, religions, and culture.

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Affected State Responders

National Disaster Management Organization

Supporting ministries/departments

Provincial (state) and local governmental organizations

Police

Military

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Affected State

• An affected state is more likely to welcome assistance than request it.

• Almost every country has a National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO).

• Collaboration between the affected state militaries and the civilian branches of government varies considerably.

• We want the “face” of the affected state at the forefront.

Face of the Disaster



Agency(LEMA)

AustraliaEmbassy

Multi-National

Coordination Center

Food Aid Cluster

Other Clusters

Logistics Cluster

WASH Cluster


ADF

AffectedState

Military

UN

, R

ed C

ross

Mov

emen

t, I

nt’l

Org

aniz

atio

ns,

NG

Os

FrenchEmbassy

USEmbassy

JTF


PACOM

NZEmbassy

International Community

UN Cluster System

Sector or Area of Activity Global Cluster Lead Symbol

Food Security UN Food and Agriculture Organization World Food Program

Camp Coordination UN High Commissioner for RefugeesInternational Organization for Migration

Early Recovery UN Development Program

Education UN Children’s Fund Save the Children UK

Emergency Shelter UNHCR and International Federation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent Society

Emergency TelecommunicationsUN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian

Affairs (owns process), World Food Program (telecoms)

Health World Health Organization

Logistics World Food Program

Nutrition UN Children’s Fund

Protection UN High Commissioner forRefugees

Water, Sanitation, Hygiene UN Children’s Fund

Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)

7 Technical Divisions

- Geosciences (SOPAC)- Public Health- Economic Development- Social Development- Fisheries, Aquaculture, and

Marine Ecosystems- Land Resources- Statistics

A 26 member regional and intergovernmental

organization.

Develop the technical, professional, scientific, research, planning and management capability of Pacific Island people and directly provide information and advice, to enable them to make informed decisions about their future development and well-being.

Nongovernmental Organizations

• NGOs are not part of:– Any government– The UN– The Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement

• Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters

• Diverse in size, structure, motive, resources, function & mission

• National or international; secular or faith-based• Funded by grants or private donations• Essential to humanitarian operations:

– Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects– One of the first responders to arrive, last to leave– Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors

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International Red Cross/Crescent Movement

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

International Federation of Red Cross and Crescent (IFRC)

National Societies of Red Cross and Crescent

CONFLICT

DISASTER

CONFLICT and DISASTER

HUMANITY

• Human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found, with particular attention to the most vulnerable in the population, such as children, women and the elderly. The dignity and rights of all victims must be respected and protected

NEUTRALITY

• Humanitarian assistance must be provided without engaging in hostilities or taking sides in controversies of a political, religious or ideological nature.

INDEPENDENCE

• Humanitarian action must be autonomous from the political, economic, military or other objectives that any actor may hold with regard to areas where humanitarian action is being implemented

The Fundamental Humanitarian Principles



Agency(LEMA)

AustraliaEmbassy

Multi-National

Coordination Center

Food Aid Cluster

Other Clusters

Logistics Cluster

WASH Cluster


ADF

AffectedState

Military

UN

, R

ed C

ross

Mov

emen

t, I

nt’l

Org

aniz

atio

ns,

NG

Os

FrenchEmbassy

USEmbassy

JTF


PACOM

NZEmbassy

Why Military Assistance?

Rapidly deployable even in austere environments

Unique and critical capabilities

Self-sustaining expeditionary units

Familiarity working with military partners

Unique Capabilities

Heavy airlift

Air traffic management

Engineering / Heavy construction

Technical Assistance

Relief – water production and utilities

Logistics and Supply

Medical

Search and Rescue

What can the military do?

Considerations for Use of Foreign Military

Advantages• Timely unique capabilities• Strong organization and

discipline• Self-sustaining• Complex logistics experience

and capabilities

Disadvantages• Perception-not the “face” to

present to affected population• May not be as culturally

knowledgable• May create dependencies• Adverse impact • Expensive

International Disaster Response

• Local authorities are primarily responsible for relief aid to their civilians.• If the response is done correctly, local capacity is increased to handle future crises.

Ne

ed

fo

r A

ssis

tan

ce

Crisis

International Civilian Relief

Military

Local / National Response

Time

Transition Point

Types of Military Assistance

Direct AssistanceYou give me the high-energy biscuit

Indirect AssistanceYou drive the truck to deliver the biscuits

to the NGO, let NGO give me the biscuit

Infrastructure Support You repair the bridge so the NGO can drive

the truck to my village and give me the biscuit

Questions?Address: Building 76

456 Hornet Avenue

Joint Base Pearl Harbor

Hawaii 96860

Web: www.cfe-dmha.org

Telephone: (808) 472-0515

Documents

Tempest Express 26 Disaster Stakeholders in the Pacific Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance Jesse Wolfe, DMHA Advisor