Terms John Marshall Judicial Review Louisiana Purchase Meriwether Lewis William Clark Lewis & Clark Expedition

Sacagawea

Impressment

Embargo

Embargo Act of 1807

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. His court established Judicial Review. He was a federalist and served for 34 yrs.

The Supreme Court’s power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional…originated in Marbury v. Madison

1803 the purchase of French land between the Mississippi R. and the Rocky Mts that doubled the size of the U.S.

Former army captain selected by President Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase, he led the expedition known as the Lewis and Clark expedition.

American soldier, invited to be co-captain to explore the Louisiana Purchase

An expedition that began in1804 to explore the Louisiana Purchase.

Shoshone woman who, along with her French husband, accompanied and aided Lewis and Clark.

The practice of forcing people[le to serve in the army or navy: led to increased tensions between Great Britain and the U.S. in the early 1800’s.

The banning of trade with a country.

A law that prohibited American merchants from trading with other countries.

Terms Non-intercourse

Tecumseh

Battle of Tippecanoe

War Hawks

Hartford Convention

Andrew Jackson

Treaty of Fort Jackson

Battle of New Orleans

Treaty of Ghent

Act of 1809 that replaced the Embargo Act and restored trade with all nations except Britain, France, and their colonies.

Shawnee Chief who attempted to form an Indian confederation to resist white settlement in the Northwest Territory.

1811 U.S. victory over an Indian confederation that wanted to stop white settlement in the NW Territory; increased tensions between Great Britain and U.S.

Members of Congress who wanted to declare war against Britain after the Battle of Tippecanoe

A meeting of Federalists in Connecticut, to protest the War of 1812.

Nicknamed Old Hickory, he led the Tennessee militia to victory over Creek Indians (Horseshoe Bend). He is also the hero of the Battle of New Orleans.

Treaty signed after the Battle of Horseshoe Bend; The Creek nation were forced to give up 23 million acres of land to the U.S.

The greatest U.S. victory in the War of 1812; actually took place 2 weeks after a peace treaty had been signed ending the war.

A treaty signed by the U.S. and Britain ending the War of 1812.

Jeffersonian Era: Chapter 8 Election of 1800 – “Revolution of 1800”

Feds to Dem-Reps Federalists – Adams & Pinckney Dem-Reps – Jefferson & Burr

Revolution because 1st time U.S. has a transfer of power in gov’t

Electoral vote went to Dem-Reps… but was a tie b/w Jefferson and Burr

OH NO!(Dem-Reps Messed it up)

House of Reps decide the president in cases of an Electoral Vote tie

And the sitting (Federalist) Congress decides the presidency!

http://www.270towin.com/1800_Election/Aaron Burr

Thomas Jefferson

Significance of the Election Electors – cast two ballots

Most votes = President

2nd most votes = Vice-President

Dem-Reps didn’t throw one away, instead split the ticket in half 73/73

It will take the Congress 36 votes before a tie is broken. Jefferson declared winner because of

Hamilton’s help.

The political takeover will be peaceful with only egos taking a hit.

The election will cement political division in America b/w North and South.

North – pro-business & manufacturing, strong centralized gov’t

South – pro-agriculture & states’ rights and decentralized power

12th Amendment – corrects the electoral mistake by having electors vote for one ticket (each ticket has a candidate for Pres & VP).

Hamilton’s role in Election Against Adams but supports

Pinckney, creates turmoil within the Fed Party

Supports Jefferson tie-breaker vote; convinced other Feds to vote for TJ

thought Burr lacked character and untrustworthy.

Burr vs. Hamilton Duel of 1804 This comes back to bite Hamilton Hamilton is not winning

Jefferson’s Policies (3rd President)He believed in and wanted to:

Limit gov’t powers

Supported the will of the majority

Lower military spending and size of armed forces

Cut taxes like the Whiskey tax

Agreed to keep the Bank of U.S.

Jefferson’s ally is Congress – Exec and Leg Branches were Dem-Reps

Only opposition was the Judiciary – Federalists appointed before he was President.

Marbury vs. Madison Case is about a late appointment by

Adams (Marbury) that was blocked by Sec. of State Madison. Supreme Court decided against

Marbury claiming the law he cited was unconstitutional.

ESTABLISHED JUDICIAL REVIEW

No power written in the Constitution for the Supreme court to rule on federal laws. They give themselves the power to

do this.

Judicial Review will be used in every court case after this first one and is now considered part of the “unwritten” Constitution.

Louisiana Controlled by the Spanish but given

back to France in 1802.

Napoleon (emperor) looking to use the land to restore France’s power in the world.

Americans lost access to New Orleans, upsetting agricultural trade in the frontier.

Jefferson sends Livingston and Madison to buy New Orleans only.

Louisiana Purchase Napoleon wanted to use Haiti to

launch military attacks into Louisiana. Lost Haiti in a slave revolt and

decided to give up on Louisiana.

Focused on Europe and offers Louisiana for $15 million

That is less than.03₵ an acre

Automatically doubles the size of the U.S. extending our land from the Miss R. to Rocky Mts.

$15m

Lewis and Clark Expedition The expedition (Corps of Discovery) was

responsible for claiming and discovering the land the U.S. had bought.

They were to map the area, trade w/ and learn about Native groups, describe landforms, plants, and animals.

The kept journals of everything they saw and reported back to Jefferson.

The sailed rivers, carried boats around waterfalls, and climbed mt. ranges.

They used Charbonneau and his wife Sacagawea (had a baby) as interpreters and guides along their journey.

The Corps left St. Louis, MO in May 1804 – Reached Rockies in Fall ‘05 – Reached Pacific in Winter ‘05. Returned to St. Louis in Sept of ‘06

Zebulon Pike Tasked with discovering the start of

the Red River. (TX & OK)

Discovered Pikes Peak in Colorado never reached the summit!

The Coming of War World trade is a hostile environment

Barbary Pirates (N. Africa) needed to be put down by U.S. Navy between 1801-1805

France and England go to war

again, neither want U.S. to help.

England begins Impressment methods to gain more soldiers. Customary in colonial times, now it

outrages the young country.

Embargo Act & Non-Intercourse (1807 -1809)

To punish Europe but only hurts the U.S. economy.

Lost a lot of money w/o international trade.

Jefferson’s popularity took a big hit

Non-Inter law didn’t work either and only conflict would settle the disagreement.

Tecumseh Americans want land in Great

Lakes area. Natives want to keep their land. G. B. sees opportunity knocking –

stop American advance.

With G.B. aid, Tecumseh united other tribes to fight back vs. Americans.

Wm. H. Harrison then defeat’s Natives (Tecumseh absent) at Tippecanoe (1811).

War? (1807 – 1811) War Hawks want war with G.B.

believing they mastermind conflict w/ Natives. They wanted land in Canada and

outright independence from Britain.

Federalists opposed war and wanted better trade options with G.B. Also worried about our ability to win.

For the first time, Congress Declared war on another nation (Madison).

War of 1812 & Creek War Battle of Lake Erie helped secure

Great Lakes area for U.S. Tecumseh’s death also hurt British

alliance with natives.

Our Capital invaded and buildings burnt (White House) Next attack stopped in Baltimore at

Ft. McHenry (Star-Spangled Banner)

Jackson defeat against the Creek Nation in Alabama gave America more native land.

Jackson then destroys British at New Orleans…2 weeks after the Peace Treaty was signed!