TERRITORIANSIN CONFLICT

lest we forget

�ey shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old; Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.At the going down of the sun and in the morningWe will remember them.

a community publication from senator nigel scullion

LEST WE FORGET

Senator Nigel

Scullion

years ago, thousands of brave young men went ashore on aforeign beach in a far distant land. In a display of courage,determination and mateship, these Australians and New96

Zealanders created a legend which, when retold today, evokes pride andpassion in a new generation of Australians.

�e Anzac spirit of courage under fire, selflessness and unwavering loyalty, tenacity and mateshipwas forged in the battles at Gallipoli. �e legend of our Anzacs has transcended time to becomea symbol of what we value as Australians.

On Anzac Day, we stop to remember and reflect on the sacrifice of men and women who serveand have served our nation in times of war and peace. Veterans of the past proudly display theirmedals, soldiers of today boldly wear their uniforms. Families of veterans who have passed onhonour their memory by wearing medals awarded when the battle was over.

In recent years there has been a resurgence of participation at Anzac Day ceremonies. Many morepeople, young and old, are rising early to attend Dawn Services and to honour our Anzac tradition.

Today we see the faces of living heroes; not just veterans of war, but those who proudly wore ouruniform and served our country in times of peace. We honour them and the families whosupported them. We remember their service for our nation.

To commemorate this special anniversary I wanted to share with you some inspiring stories ofTerritorians serving our nation and protecting our way of life. I hope that you too will share inthe spirit of Anzac Day by attending one of the many services in the Territory.

Senator for the Northern Territory

Dawn of the Legend

orn in Darwin in 1893, Beresford enlisted as a Private, but by the end of the war had achieved the rank of Captain. He served in the 10th Infantry Battalion at Gallipoli,before being transferred to the 50th Infantry Battalion (as aSergeant) when that unit was formed in Egypt at the beginningof 1916.

Beresford was wounded during the Battle of Pozieres, beforebeing awarded the Military Cross for actions at Villers-Brettonneux, while a Lieutenant, on 24 April and the night of 25/26April 1918. �e recommendation cited Lt Beresford’s gallantry in takingcommand of a company and leading it on a counter attack under heavy shellfire.

Having enlisted in 1914, Captain Beresford was sent home to Australia on‘Special 1914 Leave’ in September 1918. He was then home when the warended in November.Source: Parliamentary Library

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Anzac CoveLone Pine

Chunuk Bairand Ataturk

Memorial

Turkish 57thRegimentMemorial

Anzac Commemorative SiteNorth Beach

Beach Cemetery

Ari Burnu Cemetery

Embarkation Pier Cemetery

No. 2 Outpost Cemetery

NZ National Memorial

The Nek CemeteryWalkers Ridge Cemetery

Shrapnel Valley CemeteryCemetery & Memorial

Shell Green Cemetery

KemalyeriMemorial

Quinn’s Post Cemetery

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RLD

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Map of the GallipoliHistorical National Park

Source: Department of Veterans’ Affairs (www.dva.gov.au)

Captain William Russelde la Poer Beresford

The Bombing of Darwin

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I n 19 February 1942, mainland Australia came under attack for the first time when Japanese forces mounted two air raids on Darwin. �e two attacks, which were planned and led by the commander responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbourten weeks earlier, involved 54 land-based bombers and approximately 188 attack aircraftwhich were launched from four Japanese aircraft-carriers in the Timor Sea. In the first attack,which began just before 10.00am, heavy bombers pattern-bombed the harbour and town;dive bombers escorted by Zero fighters then attacked shipping in the harbour, the militaryand civil aerodromes, and the hospital at Berrimah. �e attack ceased after about 40 minutes.

�e second attack, which began an hour later, involved high altitude bombing of the RoyalAustralian Air Force base at Parap which lasted for 20–25 minutes. �e two raids killed atleast 243 people and between 300 and 400 were wounded. Twenty military aircraft weredestroyed, eight ships at anchor in the harbour were sunk, and most civil and militaryfacilities in Darwin were destroyed.

Contrary to widespread belief at the time, the attacks were not a precursor to an invasion.�e Japanese were preparing to invade Timor, and anticipated that a disruptive air attack

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would hinder Darwin's potential as a base from which the Allies could launcha counter-offensive, and at the same time would damage Australian morale.Concerned at the effect of the bombing on national morale, and withSingapore having fallen to the Japanese only days earlier, the governmentannounced that only 17 people had been killed.

In the hours following the air raids on 19 February, believing that an invasionwas imminent, Darwin's population began to stream southwards, heading forAdelaide River and the train south. Approximately half of Darwin's civilianpopulation ultimately fled. �e panic in the town was repeated at the RAAF base, where servicemen deserted their stations in great numbers. �ree daysafter the attack 278 servicemen were still missing. �e exodus south (whichlater became known as “�e Adelaide River stakes”), and the looting anddisorder which subsequently occurred, led the government to hurriedlyappoint a Commission of Inquiry led by Mr Justice Lowe which issued tworeports, one on 27 March and the other on 9 April 1942.

�e air attacks on Darwin continued until November 1943, by which time theJapanese had bombed Darwin 64 times. During the war other towns innorthern Australia were also the target of Japanese air attack, with bombs being dropped on Townsville, Katherine, Wyndham, Derby, Broome andPort Hedland.Source: National Archives of Australia (Fact sheet 195 – �e bombing of Darwin)

RENDEZVOUSHERE

INTERCEPTIONAT 201041 J.K.

R.A.A.F DROME STRAFFED &BOMBED20 1080 J.K.

C. Van Diemen

C. FourcroyC. Gambier

C. Hotham

Charles Pt.

Pt. Blaze

Gunn Pt.

Peron Id.

FOGBAY

SHOALBAY

ADAMBAY

Pt. Jahzel

Hughes

Liv ingston

BatchelorCoomalie

Pell

Adelaide River

DARWIN

BOMBS DROPPED WINNLLIE 201046 J.K. STRAFFED AT201101 J.K.

VISUAL LOW FLYING AIRCRAFT201105 J.K.

Strauss

MELVILLE ISLAND

BATHURST ISLAND

TIME201126 J.K.

OUTWARD TRACKLOW FLYINGAIRCRAFT

Lee Pt.

RENDEZVOUSHERE

Air Raid #55 (20/06/1943)Enemy Track

Source: National Archives of Australia (A9696, 207)

�ree AH-64 Apache attack helicopters fly past saluting members ofSpecial Operations Task Group, in honour of Pte Benjamin Adam Chuck,Pte Timothy James Aplin and Pte Scott Travis Palmer, 24 June 2010

Source: Department of Defence

AFGHANISTAN

Private Scott Palmer

Australia’s military contribution to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) inAfghanistan is deployed under Operation SLIPPER. Australia’s military contribution includesaround 1,550 Australian Defence Force personnel who are deployed within Afghanistan. 1241are deployed in Uruzgan Province and around 300 in Kabul, Kandahar and elsewhere inAfghanistan. �ese numbers vary depending on operational requirementsand shifting seasonal conditions. 830 personnel provide supportfrom locations within the broader Middle East Area ofOperations, including our maritimecommitment.

Twenty-seven-year-old Private Palmer was raised in Katherine and serving with the Sydney-based 2nd Commando Regiment.

Private Palmer enlisted in the Australian Army in 2001. Private Palmer successfully undertookCommando Selection and Training in 2006 and joined the then 4th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment (Commando) in November 2006. �is was his third tour to Afghanistan and he was serving with the Special Operations Task Group (SOTG). Private Palmer had seen Operational service in East Timor, Iraq and Afghanistan. His professionalism was of the highest order and he excelled at everything he did. Private Palmer loved his job and working alongside his mates. Private Palmer was awarded the Australian Active Service Medal with clasps IRAQ, East Timor and International Coalition Against Terrorism (ICAT), the IRAQ Campaign Medal, the Australian Defence Medal, the >>

THE HONOUR ROLLAplin, Timothy James

Atkinson, RichardBewes, Nathan John

Brown, Jason �omasChuck, Benjamin Adam

Dale, Tomas JamesFussell, Michael Kenneth Housdan

Hopkins, Mathew Ricky AndrewKirby, Grant Walter

Larcombe, Jamie RonaldLocke, Matthew Raymond

MacKinney, Jared WilliamMarks, Jason Paul

McCarthy, Sean PatrickMoerland, Jacob Daniel

Palmer, Scott TravisPearce, David Ronald

Ranaudo, Benjamin JamesRussell, Andrew Robert

Sher, Gregory MichaelSmith, Darren James

Till, Brett IanWorsley, Luke James

1983 - 2010

Service Medal with clasp Timor–Leste, the AfghanistanCampaign Medal, and the NATO ISAF Medal. PrivatePalmer was also awarded the Returned from ActiveService Badge from a previous deployment.

During Private Scott Travis Palmer's service in theAustralian Army, he deployed on the following Operations;- Operation Citadel (East Timor) Feb–May ‘03- Operation Catalyst (Middle East) May–Nov ’05- Operation Astute (East Timor) Mar-Jun ‘07- Operation Slipper (Afghanistan) Nov ’07–Jun ‘08, Mar–Jul ’09, Feb–Jun ‘10Source: Department of Defence (www.defence.gov.au)

Australia’s military involvement in the Vietnam War was the longest induration of any war in the country’s history. It lasted from August 1962 until

May 1975. �e Australian commitment consisted predominantly of armypersonnel, but significant numbers of air force and navy personnel. Some

civilians also took part. According to the Nominal Roll of AustralianVietnam Veterans, almost 60,000 Australians served in Vietnam.

A total of 521 Australians died in the war: Australian Army(496); RAAF (17); RAN (8). �ese include three

Australian service-men who were declared “missingin action”. �ese three are in fact believed to havebeen “killed in action” but have no known graves.

Australia's commitment, although substantial interms of its military capabilities, was small in

comparison with the military contributions ofthe United States. Over 3 million Americans

served in the War and the total number of American personnel in Vietnam reached a peak

of over 540,000 in 1968. About 58,000Americans died in the Vietnam War and

over 2,000 were listed as Missing in Action.

�e scale of Vietnamese losses on both sides ofthe conflict was enormous. About 224,000 SouthVietnamese military personnel and over 415,000

South Vietnamese civilians were killed. Over 1 millionNorth Vietnamese and Viet Cong were killed and more

than 300,000 were declared Missing in Action. Some 4 millionVietnamese civilians (10 per cent of the total wartime population) were

killed or wounded. Overall, the total number of North and South Vietnamesekilled and wounded was approximately ten

times the total number of American casualties.Source: Australian War Memorial (www.awm.gov.au)

CHINA

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NORTHVIETNAM

LAO

S

CAMBODIA

SOUTHVIETNAM

Hue

Qui Nhon

Nha Trang

Bac Lieu

Nam Dinh

Buon Me Thuot

My Tho

Can Tho

BenHoa

Dong Hoi

Vinh

Thanh Hoa

Cam PhaHong Gai

Vung Tau

QuangNgai

Da Nang

Ho Chi Minh Trail 1954 - 1975Source: Australian War Memorial

The Ho Chi Minh Trail

VIET

NA

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AR

Corporal Hillier was killed in an engagement with Viet Cong in the La Nga Valley on29 November 1965. He was taking part in what was called Operation New Life, anattempt to clear the La Nga valley of Viet Cong. Corporal Hillier’s platoon had beenattacked by a force of Viet Cong while they were on patrol. He was shot in the chestwhilst directing the fire of his platoon and died in a medical helicopter on his way toBien Noa. He was posthumously awarded a Mention in Dispatches as a result of hisactions during the engagement.

�e Government of South Vietnam awarded him a Military Merit Medal and GallantryCross with Palm, describing him as a courageous combatant. He is buried at TerendakMilitary Cemetery, Malaysia.Source: Parliamentary Library

HOLSWORTHY, NSW, C. 1964-08-15. Group portrait of members of 5 Platoon, B Company,1st Battalion, �e Royal Australian Regiment (1RAR) who undertook a basic unarmed combat course.

Several were killed in action in South Vietnam.

Corporal Reginald Hedley Hillier

Reginald Hedley Hillier was born in Coonabarabran (NSW) on 4 October1939. He moved to the Northern Territory in 1949 and lived at 11 Milewith his family. He travelled to school at Darwin Public on the semitrailerschool bus with his brother, Jim, and his sisters, Margaret and Barbara.Hillier worked in the outback as a stockman in the Victoria River Districtand in the East Kimberley. In October 1961 he enlisted in the AustralianRegular Army. In June 1965 Corporal Hillier was posted to Vietnam as aSection Commander in 5 Platoon, B Company, 1st Battalion of the RoyalAustralian Regiment (1 RAR).

38o00’

North Invades SouthK

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zone and advanced towards the capital, Seoul. �e city fell in less than a week, and NorthKorean forces continued driving south towards the strategically important port of Pusan.

Within two days, the US had offered air and sea support to South Korea, and the UnitedNations Security Council asked all its members to assist in repelling the North Korean attack.Twenty-one nations responded by providing troops, ships, aircraft and medical teams.Source: Australian War Memorial (www.awm.gov.au)

he Korean War began on 25 June 1950, when North Korean forces launched an invasion of South Korea. Personnel from the Australian Army, RAAF, and RAN fought as part of the United Nations (UN)multinational force, defending South Korea from the Communist force.

�e war ended with the signing of an armistice on 27 July 1953, three yearsand one month after it began. �e ending was so sudden that some soldiershad to be convinced it really was over. After the war ended, the presence ofAustralians in Korea continued with a peacekeeping force until 1957.

�e crisis in Korea originated in the closing phases of the Second World War,when control of the Korean peninsula, formerly occupied by Japan, wasentrusted to the Allies, and the United States and the Soviet Union dividedresponsibility for the country between them at the 38th parallel. Over thecourse of the next few years, the Soviet Union fostered a strong communistregime in the north, while the US supported the government in the south; bymid-1950, tensions between the two zones, each under a different regime, hadescalated to the point where two hostile armies were building up along theborder. On 25 June a North Korean army finally crossed into the southern

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Group Captain Wilfred Norman Lampe

Group portrait of officers of No 8 Squadron RAAF in frontof one of the squadron's Lockheed Hudson aircraft on the edge

of the aerodrome at Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaya.

Born in Darwin in 1916, Group Captain Lampeenlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force(RAAF) in 1938, and was awarded the Order ofthe British Empire in 1945 for ‘distinguishedservice and devotion to duty northwest area’.

Group Captain Lampe would remain in theRAAF until 1971, and would go on to commandthe RAAF’s entire deployment (the 91Composite Wing) in Korea.Source: Parliamentary Library

C H I N A

Australian Operational Locations1950-1953 Naval Movements

Major Battle Sites

Airfields

POW Camps

38o00’38o00’

*Truce Line 1953

Recreated from Department of Veterans Affairs article “Australian Operational Locations 1950-1953” (www.dva.gov.au)

Pakchon Hamhung

Kujin

Pak’s Palace

Chongju

Bean Camp

Yongju

The Caves

Maryang Sam

Kapyong

Operation HanSEOUL

Pohang

Pusan

Taegu

Kimpo

Operation Fauna

Samichon

TERRITORIANSIN CONFLICT

Authorised by Senator Nigel Scullion, Senator for the Northern Territory, 1/229 McMillans Road JINGILI NT 0810. Printed by Image O�set, Unit 8 - Winnellie Central, Hickman Street, WINNELLIE NT 0820.

Sudan, March to June 1885South African War (Boer War), 1899-1902

China (Boxer Rebellion), 1900-01First World War, 1914-18

Second World War, 1939-45Occupation of Japan, 1946-51

Korean War, 1950-53Malayan Emergency, 1948-60

Indonesian Confrontation, 1963-66Malay, 1964-66

�ailand, 1965-1968Vietnam War, 1962-75First Gulf War, 1990-91

Somalia, 1992-1994East Timor (Timor-Leste), 1999-2003

Peacekeeping, 1947 to presentAfghanistan, 2001 to present

Iraq, 2003 to present

AUSTRALIA’S INVOLVEMENTIN FOREIGN CONFLICTS

a community publication from senator nigel scullion