Terrorism & Nuclear on

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Terrorism & NuclearTerrorism & Nuclear

ProliferationProliferationPresented ByPresented By

Abdelhamied ElAbdelhamied El--RafieRafie

Under the Supervision ofUnder the Supervision of

Professor Pierfrancesco MoscuzzaProfessor Pierfrancesco Moscuzza


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What is Terrorism?What is Terrorism?

The calculated use of violence (or the threat of violence) against

civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or

ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or

instilling fear

wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn Webster's New World Dictionary - Second College Edition

:Terrorism -- use of force or threats to demoralize, intimidate, and

subjugate, esp. such use as a political weapon or policy

The UN has failed until now to define terrorism


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For The sake of the Presentation I can raise the followingFor The sake of the Presentation I can raise the following

elements:elements:

Fear.

Terror.

Use of force .

Against civilians.

Political , Ideological, Relegious. Against the law but which law basically against the International agreement

or consensus about the acts prohibited by law in different countries of the

World.

States terror.

Group terror.

Note Iam not going to go further than that because of that the target of the

presentation is not to discuss the difference between terrorism and freedom

fighters.


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What I mean is this:What I mean is this:


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Which would result somethingWhich would result something

like this:like this:


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Or thisOr this


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What are Nuclear weapons?What are Nuclear weapons?

According to the Federation of Americanscientists these weapons Since theirintroduction in 1945, have been the most fearedof the weapons of mass destruction, in part

because of their ability to cause enormousinstantaneous devastation and of the persistenteffects of the radiation they emit, unseen andundetectable by unaided human senses.


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I mean it causes something likeI mean it causes something like

this:this:


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What are the major NuclearWhat are the major Nuclear

powers?powers? Official ( The Nuclear Club):

1. USA.

2. Russia.3. China.

4. United Kingdom.

5. France.


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Non official:Non official:

Israel (never officially admitted acquiring these weapons)

North Korea .

Iran (the west says it has started to poses but it denies)

Pakistan (since 1998) India (since 1998)

There are reports mentioning the possibility of theexistence of Military Nuclear technology in the formerSoviet Republics.


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What is a Dirty Bomb?What is a Dirty Bomb?

According to the Center for Defense Information:radiological dispersion bomb. This wouldconsist of waste by-products from nuclearreactors wrapped in conventional explosives,

which upon detonation would spew deadlyradioactive particles into the environment. This isan expedient weapon, in that radioactive wastematerial is relatively easy to obtain. Radioactivewaste is widely found throughout the world, andin general is not as well guarded as actualnuclear weapons.


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The Obama Initiative:The Obama Initiative:

"Together we will strengthen theNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as abasis for cooperation. The basic

bargain is sound: countries withnuclear weapons will move towardsdisarmament, countries without nuclearweapons will not acquire them, and allcountries can access peaceful nuclearenergy." President Barack Obama


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Is this possible to achieve?!!!!!Is this possible to achieve?!!!!!

1. Are the Nuclear powers ready to leave theirguns( weapons)?

2. Can we imagine that those countries who are

trying to acquire these weapons would stop?3. Is the balance of power in different regions of

the World stable to the extend to abortambitions of acquiring these weapons?

4. What about the possibility of that terroristgroups acquire these weapons?


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Are we in stable World?Are we in stable World?

To a certain extend if we

answer the previous four

questions we will find the

answer is

NO!!!!


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Lets follow this assumptionLets follow this assumption

If some countries or groups acquire this

weapons the possibility to achieve Non

Proliferation will be reduced to the

minimum limit therefore there is a need for

more mechanisms and I dont mean here

legal ones only but finding the ways to

enforce these legal frameworks but how ?


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Who are the powers wouldWho are the powers would

enforce this?enforce this?Are they the Super powers? The UN ?

Or who? This will lead us to reanalyze

The International System

But This is another story


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Thank You

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