Tessellation Planning in High Density Housing (Seminar Presentation)

7/29/2019 Tessellation Planning in High Density Housing (Seminar Presentation)

1/18

^ksskccdtolh Vcdhhohm ohBomb Nkhsoty Blusohm

(Vbysojdc Vcdhhohm dspkjt lhcy)

Nlhk `y7Zlerkktd Nds (40DP96P:;)

Zkeohdr Pkplrt1 EJV (4st_r.)


2/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;0

ksskccdtolh Vcdhhohm oh Bomb

Nkhsoty Blusohm

J L H ^ K H ^ Z 7

DOEZ, L@GKJÔYKZ & EK^BLNLCLM_.

^KZZKCCDÔLH7

LPOMOH DHN @POKI BOZ^LP_.

DVVPLDJB L VB_ZOJDC VCDHHOHM.

JLH^KR^[DC HKKN OH OHNOD.

JDZK Z^[NOKZ DHN OHIKPKHJKZ.

JDZK Z^[N_O

JDZK Z^[N_OO

JDZK Z^[N_OOO

OHIKPKHJKZ IPLE JDZK Z^[NOKZ

^KZZKCCDÔLH VCDHHOHM DHN BOMB NKHZO^_ BL[ZOHM7

DH KRVKPOEKH^

OHIKPKHJKZ IPLE KRVKPOEKH^

Z[EEDP_ LI PKZ[C^Z DHN J[E[CDÔYK OHIKPKHJKZ.

PKIKPKHJKZ DHN @O@COLMPDVB_.

D b l u s k o s e l r k t b d h g u s t d b l u s k ,D b l e k o s w b k r k o h n o v o n u d c s c o v k d h nr k g u v k h d t k , w b k r k t b k r k o s s p d j k i l r j b o c n r k h t lm r l w d h n e d t u r k 1O t s d b l e k t b d t n k i o h k s b l w i d e o c o k s c o v k d h no h t k r d j t ,` k j d u s k o t o s t b k b l e k k h v o r l h e k h t t b d t . . . . . .s b d p k s d j l e e u h o t y .

~ D r j b o t k j t E d z c o h M b d z d c o .


3/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;:


Nkhsoty Blusohm

D O E Z , L @ G K J ^ O Y K Z & E K ^ B L N L C L M _ 7

^l dhdcyzk tbk Vbysojdc Vcdhhohm dspkjts li ksskccdtolh Vcdhhohm/Blhkyjle` Blusohm oh BombNkhsoty Blusohm oh Ohnodh jlhtkxt.

D

OE

L

@

GKJ

^OY

KZ

[hnkrstdhnohm ksskccdtolh Vcdhhohm & Bomb Nkhsoty Blusohm (ohmkhkrdc) dhn oh Ohnodh jlhtkxt.

I P L E C O ^ K P D ^ [ P K P K Y O K ] Z 7

Dhdcyzohm tbk jdsk stunoks li tksskccdtolh pcdhhohm dhn nktkreohkdhn nosjuss ots pltkhtodcs dhn coeotdtolhs lvkr jlhvkhtolhdc pcdhhohm

dt slcvohm tbk prl`ckes tbdt kekrmkn oh tbk V.L.K. dhdcysos likxostohm bomb nkhsoty blusohm.

I P L E J D Z K - Z ^ [ N O K Z 7

Ilreucdtolh li dh kxpkroekhtdc cdylut lptolh li tksskccdtolhpcdhhohm dhn dsskssohm oi ot lptoedccy eotomdtks tbk prl`ckes tbdt

jrlppkn up oh V.L.K. dhdcysos.

I P L E D H O H Y K Z ^ O M D ^ O Y K K R V K P O E K H ^ 7

EK^BLNLCLM_7^bk ektblnlclmy wds djjlepcosbkn oh tbrkk stdmks ds ilcclws7Z^DMKO7 bk cotkrdturk stunoks7 tbdt dnnkn tl tbk ahlwcknmk `dsk dhn mdvkd nkkpkr ohsombt ohtl tbk onkd li tksskccdtolh dhn bomb nkhsoty blusohm dhn blwkdjb jlucn plsso`cy `k jlrrkcdtkn tl kdjb ltbkr.Z^DMKOO7 ^bk jdsk stunoks7 wbojb prlvonkn dh lvkrdcc lutclla ds tl blw tbknoiikrkht typks li tksskccdtolh uhots wkrk ohstruekhtdc oh prleltolh li tbkplsotovk ikdturks li pcdhhohm usohm tksskccdtolh.Z^DMKOOO7 bk ohvkstomdtovk kxpkroekht7 tbdt kstd`cosbkn tbk idjt tbdt,

prdjtojdccy, oi lhcy pbysojdc dspkjts li tksskccdtolh wkrk jlhsonkrkn, tbkhtksskccdtolh jlucn `k d vod`ck lptolh ilr bomb nkhsoty pcdhhohm oh Ohnodhjlhtkxt.


4/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm>

^ K Z Z K C D ^ O L H V C D H H O H M 7LPOMOH

Oh mklektry, tl tksskccdtk ekdhs tl jlvkr d pcdhk wotb d pdttkrh wotblut

bdvohm dhy mdp lr lvkrcdp.

Ilr jkhturoks drtosts dhn jrditsekh bdvk uskn tksskccdtolh ds d tllc tl jrkdtk

vosudc kiikjts lh suridjks.

^ocohm os tbk elst jleelh ilre li tksskccdtolh, dhn oh ots soepckst ilre tbk

tocks drk rkmucdr plcymlhs.

^bk Oscdeoj jrditsekh oh Zpdoh oh tbk 4;tb jkhtury jrkdtkn `kdutoiuccy

jlepckx vosudc kiikjts `y tksskccdtohm d sedcc `dsoj tock pdttkrh. Ohtrojdtk dhn

jlepckx nksomhs jdh `k `uoct up irle `dsoj tock pdttkrhs oh d soepck wdy `y

tbos prljkss.

Ztdrtohm irle Iom.4Iom.?.

^bk `dsk tock (o.k. Iom.4) mkts

tksskccdtkn drluhn tbk >; dxos tl

ilreucdtk tbk sohmck mklektroj

pdttkrh (ds wk skk oh iom.?) li tbk

dhjokht Ellrosb tock li tbk 4;tb

jkhtury.

Iom.4Iom.0

Iom.:

Iom.>Iom.;Iom.9

Iom.?Iom.2Iom.=


5/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm;

^ K Z Z K C D ^ O L H V C D H H O H M 7D @POKI BOZ^LP_

4;tb jkhtury, Zpdoh7 Oscdeoj jrditsekh7 tocohm pdttkrh.

GLBDHHKZ AKVCKP(4942)7^bk iorst nljuekhtkn stunoks li tksskccdtolhs

d`lutrkmucdrdhnskeo-rkmucdrtksskccdtolh.

_KYMPDI I_LNLPLY (42?4) prlvkn tbdt kvkry pkrolnoj tocohm li tbk

pcdhk ikdturks lhk li skvkhtkkh noiikrkht mrlups li oslektroks - tbk

uhliiojodc `kmohhohm li tbk edtbkedtojdc stuny li tksskccdtolhs.

]DC^KP JBPOZ^DCCKP (4?::)7 ^bk Jkhtrdc Vcdjk ^bklryohtrlnujkn

tksskccdtolh tl ur`dh pcdhhohm.

^ksskccdtolh 7 lromoh irle edtbkedtojs dhn glurhky tl pcdhhohm

wothksskn d clt li dhdcytojdc edtbkedtojdc elnkcs jleohm up.

Blwkvkr tbk `kst kqudtolh summkstkn `y _kvmrdi Iylnlrlv wds tbdt

li tbk Ilreucd Ilr Iohotk ^ksskccdtolhs wbojb bk prlpluhnkn wbkh

tbk plcymlhs uskn oh pcdhhohm bdn elrk tbdh 46 vkrtojks dhn

46knmks rkspkjtovkcy. ^bk sdek ilreucdk os uskn tlndy wlrcnwonk

wbock pcdhhohm usohm tksskccdtolh.

Blwkvkr, wlra os oh prlmrkss ilr

tbk nkvkclpekht li slitwdrks

tbdt wlucn norkjtcy khuekrdtk tbk

sotk (dclhm wotb tlplmrdpby)ilr

wbojb tksskccdtolh bds `kkh

prlplskn tl ilreucdtk d elst

ikdso`ck ilredt ilr tksskccdtolh,

wbojb ltbkrwosk, wbkh nlhk

edhudccy rkquorks d skroks li trodcs

dhn krrlrs tl nkrovk tbk elst

pcduso`ck ilredt li ot.


6/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm9

ksskccdtolh pcdhhohm (oh tbk ilre li blhkyjle` blusohm) wds ohtrlnujkn y

Drjbotkjt Edzcoh Mbdzdco , oh tbk cdtk 4??6s, wbl prlpluhnkn usk li tksskccdtkn

bkxdmlhdc ilres (daoh tl tbdt li d kkbovk ilredt) ilr pcdhhohm edohcy cdrmk sjdck

rksonkhtodc skjtlrs.

Bkrk, tbk jlclurkn plcymlhdc pcdhks rkprkskhtkn iuhjtolhdc spdjks.

^bk jlhjkpt li tksskccdtolh pcdhhohm os `dskn `rldncy uplh tbk twl edoh jlhjkpts

li joty pcdhhohm7

O. Jcdrkhjk Vkrrys Hkomb`lurblln uhot jlhjkpt

(irle tbklrotojdc p.l.v.)

OO. Bokrdrjbodc Jlhjkpt li Hkomb`lurblln

(irle tbk sljolclmojdc p.l.v.)

^ K Z Z K C D ^ O L H V C D H H O H M 7DVVPLDJB L VB_ZOJDC VCDHHOHM

^bk onkd li tksskccdtolh pcdhhohm os tl

ilreucdtk hkomb`lurblln dhn hlt

ekrk jrkdtolh li d jleeuhoty.

^bos os khsurkn `y ohtkmrdtohm jlurtydrns, juc-nk-sdjs, `cljasdcc ds pdrt dhn

pdrjkc li dh ohnovonudc systke.

^ksskccdtolh li kvkry sedcc jlurtydrn hkomb`lurblln uhot ckdns tl jrkdtolh

li d jcustkr uhot/ juc-nk-sdj hkomb`lurblln uhot dhn tbksk juc-nk-sdj uhots

iurtbkr tksskccdtk tl ilre d `clja hkomb`lurblln uhot.


7/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm=

^ K Z Z K C D ^ O L H V C D H H O H M 7DVVPLDJB ^L VB_ZOJDC VCDHHOHM

O . J C D P K H J K V K P P _ Z J L H J K V ^ L I H K O M B @ L P B L L N

D NODMPDE LI JCDPKHJK VKPP_'Z HKOMB@L[PBLLN [HO^,

OCC[Z^PD^OHM ^BK ZVD^ODCO^_ LI ^BK JLPK VPOHJOVCKZ LI ^BK

JLHJKV^, IPLE ^BK HK] _LPA PKMOLHDC Z[PYK_, YLC =.

4?0?

Lhk li tbk kdrcy

nodmrdeedtoj

pcdhhohm elnkc

ilr rksonkhtodc

nkvkclpekht oh

ektrlplcotdh

drkds, ot wds

nksomhkn tl djt

ds d irdekwlra ilr

ur`dh pcdhhkrs

dttkeptohm tl

nksomh iuhjtolhdc,

skci-jlhtdohkn

dhn nksord`ck

hkomb`lurbllnsoh tbk kdrcy 06tb

jkhtury oh

ohnustrodcosohm

jotoks.

@dskn lh tbk ilcclwohm nksomh prohjopcks7

Jkhtrk tbk sjbllc.

Vcdjk drtkrodc strkkts dclhm tbk pkroektkr.

Nksomh ohtkrhdc strkkts.

Pkstrojt cljdc sblppohm drkds tl tbk pkroektkr.

Nknojdtk dt ckdst 46% li tbk hkomb`lrblln cdhn drkd tl pdras

dhn lpkh spdjk.

Djjlrnohm tl Vkrry, dh onkdc hkomb`lurblln uhot sblucn jleprosk

li d plpucdtolh li 4;66 N[s.


8/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm2


O O . B O K P D P J B O J D C J L H J K V ^L I H K O M B @ L P B L L N

@CLJA HKOMB@L[PBLLN

LI 0;6 BL[ZKZ

^L]H JLEE[HO^_

LI 4;66 BL[ZKZ

J[C-NK-ZDJ HKOMB@L[PBLLN

LI >0 BL[ZKZ

JL[P^_DPN

HKOMB@L[PBLLN

LI 49 BL[ZKZ

^bos jlhjkpt wds nkrovkn irleDhtbrlplclmost Pl`oh Nuh`drs ^bklryLi Vrlxoeoty Oh Zljodc OhtkrdjtolhVdttkrh wbkrk bk nknujkn d rdhmk lipklpck tbdt edy `k qudhtoiokn tld`lut 4660:6 oh hue`kr.

^bk rdhmk spkjoioks tbdt ots tbkhue`kr li pklpck wotb wble wk jdhbdvk d mkhuohk sljodc rkcdtolh sbop slds tl rkcdtk lh dh ohtoedtk ckvkc. o.k.lhk wlucnht eohn tl kdt d ekdc wotb

dhy li tblsk 4660:6 pkrslhs tbdtbk/sbk ahlws, oi bk/sbk djjonkhtdccyruhs ohtl boe/bkr oh d rkstdurdht.

^bk onkdc hue`kr nkiohkn ilr tbostbklry wds 4;6, wbojb wds nkrovknditkr eujb kxpkroekhtdtolh dhnpsyjbl-sljodc cd` tksts.

Zl lhk jdh onkdccy jlhjcunk tbdt bkrkkvkry hkomb`lurblln uhot ohnujks

elrk skhsk li `kclhmohmhkss dhnsljodc jlbksolh oh pklpckspsyjblclmy.

~ Pl`ohNuh`dr(Dhtbrlplclmost)Lh Buedh Zljodc Ktbojs oh

Mrlleohm, Mlssop dhn tbk

Kvlcutolh li Cdhmudmk

^ B K N [ H @ D P H [ E @ K P 7 4 ; 6 p k l p c k

P D H M K 7 4 6 6 0 : 6 p k l p c k

^bk iomurk 4;6 (tbdt) skkes tlrkprkskht tbk kxpkjtkn edxoeuehue`kr li ohnovonudcs wotb wble wkjdh bdvk d mkhuohk sljodc

rkcdtolhsbop, tbk aohn tbdt li

rkcdtolhsbop tbdt mlks wotbahlwohm wbl tbky drkdhn blw tbky rkcdtktl us


9/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm?

^BK MPL[V LI ZKR^[VCKOR7 9 BL[ZKZ OH D @CLJA/ VKP [HO^.

^BK MPL[V LI T[DNP[VCKOR7 > BL[ZKZ OH D @CLJA/ VKP [HO^.

^BK ^]OH ^_VK N[VCKOR7 0 BL[ZKZ OH D ZOHMCK [HO^.


NOIIKPKH^ ^_VKZ LI ^KZZKCCD^OLH VCDHHOHMZ N]KCCOHM [HO^Z (N[s)7

Noiikrkht typks li N[ typks drk uskn ilr tksskccdtolh pcdhhohm. Blwkvkr tbk `dsoj typks uskn drk ds ekhtolhkn oh tbk `lx d`lvk. Lvkr tbk nuk jlursk li kvlcutolh li tbos pcdhhohm jlhjkpt, tksskccdtolh

pcdhhohm bds skkh edhy jbdhmks oh tbk typks li ots N[swbojb mltjbdhmkn ds pkr tbk eohlr elnoiojdtolh rkquorkn ds pkr tbk pclt sozkdhn sbdpk.

Hlhktbkckss, tbk `dsoj N[ typks drk ioxkn dhn drk tbk stdhndrnozknvkrsolh li tbk tksskccdtolh N[ typks drk tbk Kvkh Euctopck [hotso.k.nupckox (twl), qunrupckox (ilur) , skxtupckox (sox),ktj.

Blwkvkr, usudccy, mrkdtkrtbdh sox nwkccohm uhots pkr`clja os hlt uskntdaohmohtl djjluht tbk idjtlrs lijcoedtlclmy sujb ds combtdhn vkhtocdtolh.

HL^K7 ^blumb noiikrkht elnoiojdtolhs lidilrkekhtolhkn uhots7 nupckoxks, qudnrupckoxks

dhn skxtupckoxks drk uskn, tbksk drk tbk `dsoj uhotsilr bkxdmlhdc tksskccdtolh pdttkrh.


10/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm46

^KZZKCDÔLH VCDHHOHM DHN BOMB NKHZO^_ BL[ZOHM7

HKKN ILP ^KZZKCCDÔLH OH BOMB NKHZO^_ BL[ZOHM7

^bk onkd wds prleptkn `y7 4:

^B

DHH[DC OH^KPHDÔLHDC JLHIKPKHJK

LH B[EDH BD@O^D^, Gdhudry 0644, Eue`doVdpkr prkskhtkn `y

Drjbotkjt Edzcoh Mbdzdco

Ossuks nosjusskn oh tbk pdpkr7

^bk tkrrdjk blusohm tl rkpcdjk tbk adeplhm (trdnotolhdc) blusks.

Dh dttkept oh tbk :6s tl tbk 96s tbk edglr nrdw`djas dhn

kekrmkhjk li blhkyjle` blusohm oh cdtk ?6s.

Kpoclmuk7 plssoòcoty li djbokvohm bombkr nkhsoty `y ekdhs li tksskccdtolh

pcdhhohm.

^bk mrlwtb li plpucdtolh7 pbkhlekhlh plrtrdyohm mklektroj

prlmrkssolh dhn pkrkhhodc sblrtdmk ilr blusohmjbdcckhmk tl `k ekt

dhn elnkc voccdmks tl `k ùoct tl tkst oi ot wds plsso`ck tl dnnrkss tbksk

ùrhohm ossuks li tbk eocckhhoue tbdt bdn `kkh tbk hombtedrk li kvkry

pcdhhkr li tbk wlrcn.


11/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm44

JDZK Z^[NOKZ DHN OHIKPKHJKZ7P K Z O N K H ^ O D C B L [ Z O H M , Z D P D ] D A , E D C D _ Z O D .

^bos jdsk stuny os tbk iorst

prltltypk ilr tksskccdtolh

pcdhhohm, ds jdrrokn lut `y tbk

polhkkr li Blhkyjle`

Blusohm Jlhjkpt - Drjbotkjt

Edzcoh Mbdzdco.

]bkh Drjbotkjt Mbdzdco bdn

uskn tksskccdtolh ilr tbk iorst

toek, ds oh jdsk li tbosrksonkhtodc blusohm prlgkjt dt

Zdrdwda, tbkh ot wds hlt nlhk

wotb dh ohtkhtolh li

ohjlrplrdtohm bomb nkhsoty

blusohm ds dh ohtkmrdc pdrt li

tbos aohn li pcdhhohm. Bkhjk,

hlredc blusohm wotb rkquorkn

hue`kr li nwkccohm uhots wkrk

nksomhkn dhn jlhstrujtkn.

^bk dilrkekhtolhkn jlhjkpt

skt oh lhcy ditkr tbkrk wds d

nork hkkn tl blusk d bumk

plpucdtolh wotboh d pdrtojucdr

drkd li dh dcrkdny kxostohm

ohnustrodc tlwhsbop li Nkeda

Cdut, Autjbohm, Edcdysodds d

pdrt li tbk kxtkhsolh li cdhn

tbdt bdn `kkh ckit ohotodccy ilr

iuturk utocozdtolh.


12/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm40

JDZK Z^[NOKZ DHN OHIKPKHJKZ7N K E D A C D [ ^ O H N [ Z ^ P O D C K Z ^ D ^ K , A [ ^ J B O H M , E D C D _ Z O D .

Ztdrtkn ds d ohnustrodc kstdtk,Nkeda Cdut, Autjbohm, Edcdysodbdn jkrtdoh pljakts ckit ilriuturk kxpdhsolh wbkh ohotodccy

pcdhhkn. Lhk sujb zlhk wds tbk lhk ds

skkh lh tbk rombt sonk iomurk. ^boszlhk wds d`lut 4? djrks oh sozk.

^bk twl noiikrkht cdylutstkrrdjkblusohm ds wkcc ds blhkyjle`blusohm - wkrk prlplskn `yDrjbotkjt Mbdzdco, wbl wds tbkedoh drjbotkjt ilr tbk prlgkjt.

^krrdjk blusohm dhn tksskccdtolh pcdhhohm (Blhkyjle` blusohm) sblwknmrkdt nkvodtolh oh tbk hl. li N[ dpdrt irle tbk ltbkr ikdturks sujb dsmrkkh drkds, jlhjrktkn drkds, ktj.

]bkrk tkrrdjk blusohm plrtrdykn cksskr mrkkh spdjks dhn bumkjlhjrktkn drkd, mrkdt rldn ckhmtb dhn rldn drkd1 tbkrk tksskccdtolh wdsuh`kcokvd`cy sustdohd`ck wotb elrk mrkkh drkds, cksskr rldn ckhmtbs dhnrldn drkd dhn edrmohdc deluht li jlhjrktkn spdjks.

^bk hl. li N[s ilr tkrrdjk blusohm dhn tksskccdtolh blusohm `kohm akptsdek, ot wds iluhn tbdt tbk tkrrdjk blusohm ilr tbk sdek drkd wkht uptld bkombt li M+: wbkrkds tksskccdtolh wkht tocc d bkombt li M+4.

^bk iohdc jlhjcusolh nrdwh `dskn lh tbk prlgkjt wds tbdt oi mlhk bombkr,tksskccdtolh jlucnvk bluskn edhy elrk.


13/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm4:

JDZK Z^[NOKZ DHN OHIKPKHJKZ7Z ^ [ N K H ^ B L [ Z O H M , [ H O Y K P Z O ^ _ L I E D C D _ Z O D , Z K C D H M L P ,E D C D _ Z O D

^bos stunkht blusohm wds `uoct ds delnkc ilr ohtrlnujohm tbk jlhjkptli Dpdrtekht Blusohm ohBlhkyjle` blusohm.

^bk onkd wds dcsl tl nl tbk VlstLjjupdhjy Kvdcudtolh (V.L.K) dt dcdtkr ndtk tl dsjkrtdoh otssustdohd`ocoty oh tbk clhm ruh.

^bk elnkc skttckekht systke, tbdtbluskn elstcy uhnkrmrdnudtks dhnd ikw plst mrdnudtks ds wkcc ds dsedcc plpucdtolh li VbN sjblcdrs,

wothksskn d rkvlcutolhdry jbdhmkoh tbk sohmck khtoty onklclmy li tbktksskccdtolh pcdhhohm tbdt bdnkxostkn tocc ndtk.

Ot wds prlvkn tbdt tksskccdtolhblusohm jlucn ml tocc dh kckvdtolh lids eujb ds M+> tl ds eujb ds M+?(elnkrdtk rosk).

Dcsl dhltbkr idjt tbdt jdek tl

coekcombt wds tbdt d skjtolh li tbksotk `kohm quotk sclpkn dhnuhnucdtohm (sclpk `kohm dcelst 4 oh;), tksskccdtolh pcdhhohm jlucn `kjdrrokn lut wotblut dhy bdsscks. ^bosprlvkn tbdt tksskccdtolh pcdhhohmjlucn dcsl `k nlhk lhjlhsonkrd`ck sclpks.


14/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm4>

^KZZKCCDÔLH7 DH OHYKZÔMDÔYK KRVKPOEKH^ . . .

ZKCKJ^KN DPKD IPLE Z^[NKH^PKNKZOMH LI ]DPN :>

(JL[P^KZ_7 VCDHHOHM ]LPAZBLV)ZJDCK74746666

ZJDCK747;666

@KILPK ^KZZKCCDÔLH (CKI^) & DI^KP ^KZZKCCDÔLH (POMB^)

Oh dh dttkept tl dhdcyzk tbkikdsoòcoty li tksskccdtolhpcdhhohm oh dh Ohnodhjlhtkxt, d sedcc kxpkroekht

wds jdrrokn lut. Ot ohjcunkn skckjtolh li d

sedcc skjtlr irle tbk stunkhtrknksomh li tbk ]drn :> liAbdrdmpur-O `clja dhnnksomh ot ds pkr ^ksskccdtolhVcdhhohm jlhjkpts.

^bk drkd skckjtkn wdsdpprlxoedtkcy 4,66,666 sq.e.

oh drkd. ^bk tksskccdtolh pcdhhohm ilr

tbk drkd wds jdrrokn lut ohilur pdrts7 ^bk nkedrjdtolh li tbk

nksorkn sozk li plcymlhstl `k uskn7 nkrovknusohm tbk Iohotk^ksskccdtolh Ilreucd dhnlptolhs mkhkrdtkn.

@kst ilre li plcymlh lidnkqudtk sozk skckjtkndhn tksskccdtkn ilr `dsojdccljdtolh li drkd ilrnoiikrkht djtovotoks.

Jrkdtohm noiikrkht cdylutlptolhs`y trodc dhnkrrlr ektblnpkreutdtolh dhn

jleòhdtolh li noiikrkhttypks li tbk `dsoj N[typks li tksskccdtolhpcdhhohm.

Iohdcozdtolh li tbk cdylut7`kst dvdocd`ck lptolh ilrtbk prlplskn drkd.

Zlek ohtkrkstohm rksucts wkrkl`tdohkn irle tbos

kxpkroekht, wbojb drk tl `knosjusskn oh tbk pdmks tbdtilcclw.


15/18

^]OH ^_VK N[VCKOR BL[ZK

4 0 6 6 s q . i t .k d j b

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm4;

^KZZKCCDÔLH7 DH OHYKZÔMDÔYK KRVKPOEKH^ . . .

T[DNP[VCKOR BL[ZK

4 6 = ; s q . i t . k d j b

JLEE[HO^_ ZVDJK

: 9 6 6 s q . i t .LVKH MPKKH DPKD

: 9 6 6 s q . i t .

VCD_ZJDVK(ILP AONZ)

: 9 6 6 s q . i t .

ZKR^[VCKOR BL[ZK

2 0 ; s q . i t . k d j b

ZJDCK7470;66

Vu`coj skeo-pu`coj spdjks

Jleekrjodc dhn rktdoc spdjks

Ickxo`ck jleeuhoty spdjks

Mrkkh pljakts/cdwhs

O H N K R L I L ^ B K P Z V D J K Z O H^ B K C D _ L [ ^ V C D H


16/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;


Nkhsoty Blusohm49

OHIKPKHJKZ IPLE ^BK OHYKZÔMDÔYK KRVKPOEKH^7

^_VK LI

VCDHHOHM^_VK LI N[ HL. LI N[ VKP @CLJA HL.LI @CLJAZ HK^ HL. LI N[

JLHYKHÔLHDC

VCDHHOHM

VCL^^KN [HO^Z 4 4;; 4;;

MPL[VKN [HO^Z 4; 4? 02;

^L^DC HL. LI N[s >>6

^KZZKCCDÔLH

VCDHHOHM

^]OH-^_VK N[VCKOR > 02 440

T[DNP[VCKOR 2 >= :=9

ZKR^[VCKOR 9 4> 2>

^L^DC HL. LI N[s ;=0

JLEVDPOZLH LI DNNOÔLHDC

IKD^[PKZ

^_VK LI VCDHHOHM

JLHYKHÔLHDC VCDHHOHM ^KZZKCCDÔLH VCDHHOHM

MPKKH ZVDJKZ (DPKD) 4;% LI ^L^DC DPKD 0;% LI ^L^DC DPKD

PLDN DPKD :0;66 sq.e. 04666 sq.e.

PLDN CKHM^B >.; aes :.: aes

JLHJPK^KN DPKD :=% LI ^L^DC DPKD 09% LI ^L^DC DPKD

^bk d`lvk td`cks wkrk mkhkrdtkn ds tbk lutjlek li tbk kxpkroekht.

Ot mdvk slek stuhhohm rksucts tbdt wkrk hlt onkdcozkn wbkh tksskccdtolh

pcdhhohm bdn lromohdccy `kkh tdakh up ilr bomb nkhsoty pcdhhohm dhn drk

ds ilcclws7

46%ohjrkdsk oh mrkkh spdjks.

40% rknujtolh oh rldn drkd.

4.0aes rknujtolh oh rldn ckhmtb.

44% rknujtolh li tltdc jlhjrktkn drkd.

^bos khjlurdmks tbk usk li tksskccdtolh tl `k tdakh up ilr pcdhhohm

purplsk. Blwkvkr, ds tbk kjlhleoj dspkjts li sujb ilre li pcdhhohm oh

Ohnodh jlhtkxt bds hlt `kkh nlhk kdrcokr, d ikdso`ck lptolh wlucn `k tlkxpkroekht `y ohtrlnujohm ot lh sedcc sjdck elnkc skttckekht systkes.


17/18

Zlerkktd Nds1

40DP96P:;4=


Nkhsoty Blusohm

Z[EEDP_ LI PKZ[C^Z DHN J[E[CDÔYK OHIKPKHJKZ7

^blumb tbk onkd li tksskccdtolh, irle purkcy tbklrktojdc ploht li vokw

skkes d soepck diidor, ot hkkns nkkpkr jlhsonkrdtolh wbkh oepckekhtkn

prdjtojdccy oh tbk Ohnodh jlhtkxt.

^bkrk os d hkkn tl dnnrkss edhy ohtdhmo`ck dspkjts tll, dpdrt irle tbk

kjlhleoj dhn sljol-plcotojdc sjkhdrol.

Djjkptdhjk li tbk systke7 wlucn `k tbk aky tl sujjkss li sujb d

pcdhhohm prljkss dhn tbdt wlucn rkquork dwdrkhkss.

^bkrk jlucn `k edhy qukstolhs plskn oh tbk ilre li coeotdtolhs ilr sujb

pcdhhohm tkjbhoquks tbdt wlucn rkquork prdjtojdcoty li dpprldjb dpdrt

irle mrluhn `rkdaohm rkskdrjb.

^bk coeotdtolhs tbdt eombt gklpdrnozk sujb ilre li pcdhhohm oh Ohnod drk

ds movkh oh tbk `lx `kclw.

PLCK LI ZLJODC K^BOJZ DHN MPL[VOHM7

^bk jcdssoiojdtolh li sljodc mrlups, strdtoiojdtolhs dhn jucturdc

elrpblclmoks oh tbk sljodc strujturk7 Nktkreohks oi tbk elnkc wocc

`k rkdnocy djjkptkn.

KT[O^D@CK OHJLEK VDPO^_7

Ds ot os hlt dttdohd`ck, eoxkn typk li blhkyjle`s edy hlt `k

prkikrrkn. Zkmrkmdtolh li kjlhleoj strdtd rkquorkn.

KJLHLEOJ YOD@OCO^_7

^bk usk li edtkrodc, tkjbhlclmy, cldhs, su`sonoks dhn dcc dnnkn

kxpkhnoturk ohjurrkn oh tbk prljkss li jlhstrujtolh li sujb uhots

wocc nktkreohk tbk uctoedtk sdckd`ck jlst.

DIILPND@OCO^_7

^bk diilrndòcoty, kohm d su`gkjtovk tkre edy vdry cdrmkcy djrlss

dcc tbk kjlhleoj jcdssks (jcdssoiokn rldncy).

OH^KPEKNOD^K KJLHLEOJ Z^PD^D7

Noiiojuct tl dnnrkss ohtkreknodtk mrlups coak tbk [COMZ, CEOMZ,

[EOMs, ktj.

VLZZO@CK COEO^DÔLHZ7


18/18

PKIKPKHJKZ DHN @O@COLMPDVB_

Zlerkktd Nds1 ksskccdtolh Vcdhhohm oh Bomb

4. Vkrry, J. D. (4?0?). ^bk Hkomb`lrblln [hot. Oh ^. Dndes (Kn.), Hkomb`lrblln

dhn Jleeuhoty Vcdhhohm (Ylc. Ylc. YOO). Hkw _lra7 ^bk Pkmolhdc Zurvky li

Hkw _lra dhn Ots Khvorlhs.

0. Nuh`dr, Pl`oh, Mrlleohm, Mlssop, dhn tbk Kvlcutolh li Cdhmudmk, 4??2.

:. ]lrcn Nkvkclpekht Pkplrt 0644, ]lrcn @dha

>. Ndvos, E. V., Mbdzdco, E., & Hlrnoh, H. D. (0669). ^bkredc Jleilrt oh

Blhkyjle` Blusohm7 ^bk Diilrnd`ck Dctkrhdtovk tl ^krrdjk Blusohm.

Zkrndhm7 Ohstotutk li Dnvdhjkn Ztunoks, [VE.(pdrtO,OO&OOO)

;. Mbdzdco, E., Zod, J. ^., Jbdh, K., Ill, K., & Ndvos, E. V. (066;). Blhkyjle`

Blusohm7 Pknujohm tbk Jlst li Cdhn dhn Ohirdstrujturk oh Blusohm

Nkvkclpekhts. Audcd Cuepur.

9. @clm sotk y Drjbotkjt Edzcoh Mbdzdco (bttp7//www.tksskccdr.`clmsplt.jle)

=. Drtojcks irle hkwspdpkr7 Jotoks dhn mrlwtb - cuep tlmktbkr dhn coak ot, ^bk

Kjlhleost proht knotolh, Hlv 9tb 0662

2. Zlutbwlrtb, Eojbdkc1 @kh-Glskpb, Krdh (066:) Ztrkkts dhn tbk Zbdpohm li

^lwhs dhn Jotoks. ]dsbohmtlh7 Oscdhn Vrkss.

?. Edrsbdcc.Z. (066;)Ztrkkts dhn Vdttkrhs. Zplh Vrkss. ^dyclr dhn Irdhjos

Mrlup.Clhnlh.[.A.

46. Pdjbkc Adpcdh, Ztkpbkh Adpcdh, ^bk kxpkrokhjk li hdturk7 d psyjblclmojdc

pkrspkjtovk,Jde`ronmk [hovkrsoty Vrkss, 4?2?.

44. Irky. B.(4???)Nksomhohm tbk Joty7 ^lwdrns d elrk sustdohd`ck ur`dh ilre.

Zplh Vrkss. ^dyclr dhn Irdhjos Mrlup.Clhnlh.[.A
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