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Outline
• Introduction: Challenges & Motivation
• PBN Implementation as Response to Challenges
• Supporting Elements for PBN Implementation
• Summary & Conclusion
Thailand Air Traffic Demand Growth
831,910910,315
1,268,399
1,701,380
709,030776,374
1,087,193
1,465,627
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,0002
00
6
20
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Historical Forecast
Flig
ht
Mo
vem
en
t
Fiscal Year
Historical Annual Traffic Volume in Bangkok FIR Fiscal Year 2006-2015
Forecast Annual Traffic Volume - Fiscal Year 2016-2026
Overfly
Domestic
International
Total TrafficVolume
RevenueGeneratingFlights
%AAGR 2006-2015 = 8%
%AAGR 2016-2026 = 7%
Note: Assumed GDP growth rate in 2016 of 3.5% per year and GDP growth rate in 2017-2026 at 3.8% per year
Limited Access to Airports
• Many of the runway ends do not have straight-in instrument approaches.
• Some of those airports have high demand for air traffic, for example, for the top 4 provincial airports:
– Phuket
• Offset ILS
– Samui
• No ILS
– Chiang Mai and Hat Yai Airports
• ILS only at one runway end.
ICAO Assembly Resolution A37-11
• States to complete a PBN implementation plan by 2009 to achieve:-
– Implementation of RNAV and RNP operations (where required) for en-route and terminal areas according to established timelines and intermediate milestones; and
– Implementation of Approach Procedures with Vertical guidance (APV) (Baro-VNAV and/or augmented GNSS)for all instrument runway ends, either as the primary approach or as a back-up for precision approaches.
• 30% by 2010; 70% by 2014, and 100% by 2016
Fleet Capability (2016)
• Navigation capability of aircraft operating in Thailand is quite advanced.
• A Working Group was founded in May 2007
• To foster collaboration stakeholders in the implementations of PBN and GNSS
• Planning and implementation activities involve participations from
– Department of Civil Aviation (Regulator) [now the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT)]
– Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd (ANSP)
– Thai Airline Operators (Airlines)
– Thai Pilots Association (Pilots)
– Airports of Thailand Public Company (Airport Operator)
National Working Group for PBN and GNSS
• In June 2009, the Working Group approved the first Thailand PBN Implementation Plan.
• To provide stakeholders with appropriate guidance and timelines for PBN implementation
• The Plan was aligned with the APAC Regional PBN Implementation Plan developed by ICAO APAC PBN Implementation Task Force and the 2007 ICAO Assembly Resolutions.
• The Plan was revised in 2017 to be aligned with APAC Seamless ATM Plan Version 2.0
Thailand PBN Implementation Plan
• February 2009, the Department of Civil Aviation has approved full operation of PBN Approach Procedures for Phuket International Airport.
• These procedures enhance safety and efficiency in the approach operation by providing straight-in approaches for the two runway ends
First PBN Approaches in Phuket
PBN Approach Implementation Progress
(Total 37 airports / 67 runway end)
Domestic
12 airports / 21 runway end(being designed)
International & Domestic
• 25 Airports / 46 runway end with PBN Approach in 2016• Expected to be fully completed by 2018
RNP AR APCH Implementation
• To improve accessibility to airport with terrain issues:-
- Hat Yai INTL (RWY 08)
- Krabi (RWY 14)
- Samui (RWY 17)
• By coordination with:-
- Regulator (Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand)
- Airline (Thai Air Asia / Bangkok Airways)
- Air Navigation Services Provider (AEROTHAI)
VTSS VTSG
VTSM
• Since the opening of Suvarnabhumi Airport (VTBS) in 2006, the SID/STAR for Bangkok TMA were designed to support single-airport operation.
• With re-openning of Don Mueang Airport (VTBD) in 2007, there was a need to redesign the SID/STARs of Bangkok TMA to accommodate dual-airport operation.
PBN Terminal Area Example: BKK TMA
• New RNAV 1 SID/STARs for Bangkok TMA since 2016 to accommodate the dual-airport operation for both Suvarnabhumi and Don MueangAirports.
• The design and implementation required collaboration efforts between air traffic control units, airlines, procedure designers and regulator.
• Improve safety, efficiency and capacity for Bangkok TMA
PBN in Terminal Area Example: BKK TMA
Terminal Area Implementation Progress
International Airport Implementation Status
1. Phuket INTL (VTSP)RNAV 1
SID/STAR Completed (2013)
2. Chiang Mai INTL (VTCC)RNAV 1 and RNP 1
SID/STAR Completed (2013)
3. Chiang Rai INTL (VTCT)RNP 1
STAR Completed (2013)
4. Suvarnabhumi INTL (VTBS)RNAV 1
SID/STAR Completed (2016)
5. Don Mueang INTL (VTBD)RNAV 1
SID/STAR Completed (2016)
6. U-Thapao INTL (VTBU)Being Designed (Target 2018)
7. Hat Yai INTL (VTSS)Being Designed (Target 2018)
Remarks:-• RNAV 1 in Surveillance environment.• RNP 1 in Surveillance and Non-Surveillance environment.
Thailand En-route implementation Progress
Asia Pacific Seamless ATM Plan Phase 1 Phase 2
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
En-Route
RNAV 5
RNAV 2
Possible RNP 2
• 20 RNAV 5 Routes (17 domestic, 3 international) established
• More RNAV 5 international routes planned for 2017 based on Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) concept via Civil Military Air Traffic Management Coordination (CMAC)
• Two new RNAV 2 routes planned for 2017 – 2018
• RNP 2 in 2020-2022 timeframe
Training for PBN Implementation Personnel
• Flight Procedure Designers
• Flight Validation Pilots & Engineers
• Air Traffic Controllers
Pilot Simulator ATC Simulator
AutomationDesign Tools
Flight Procedure Designer Training
Flight Procedure Designers
• 10 procedure designers trained in Basic PANS-OPS and PBN
[ICAO FPP Beijing / ENAC France/ SAA Singapore]
• 10 procedure designers trained in Advance PBN (Baro-VNAV & RNP AR APCH)
[In-house by Air Navigation Institute (ANI)]
• Ab initio Training– Basic Aviation course– AIS Cartography
• Initial Training– Basic PANS-OPS– PBN
• Recurrent Training• Refresher Training• On-the-job Training
(OJT)– In-house OJT
• Advanced Training– RNP AR APCH
Flight Procedure Designer TrainingFlight Procedure Designer Training
Doc 9906 Vol. 2
Flight Validation Crew Training
Flight Validation Crew
• 4 Pilots trained in PBN Flight Validation
[ICAO FPP Beijing]
• 2 Engineers trained in Basic PANS-OPS and PBN
[ICAO FPP Beijing]
• 2 Engineers trained in Advance PBN (RNP AR APCH)
[Air Navigation Institute (ANI)]
ATC Training
Air Traffic Controllers
• ATC trained in PBN concept overview
• ATC trained in PBN operational procedures and real-time ATC Simulator before implementation (Typically 1-2 Days)
Procedure Design Automation Tools:-• 2 PANADES• 3 FPDAM and 1 AeroDB (AIXM database)
Design Reporting Tool:-• Spread Sheet (Excel)
Charting Tool:-•AutoCAD Civil 3D
Ground Validation tool:-•Universal Avionics Flight Planning
Procedure Design Support Tools
Flight Validation Fleet
Pre-Flight Validation
Form
Flight Validation and Data Recorder
Post-Flight Validation
Form
• Beechcraft Super King air 350 x 2
- Supporting for PBN Flight Validation
- En-route (RNAV 5 / RNAV 2 / RNP 4 / RNP 2 )
- Terminal (RNAV 1 / RNP 1)
- Approach (RNP APCH with Baro VNAV)
• More aircraft is under procurement process to support GBAS flight validation capability.
GNSS Monitoring Stations
• GNSS Monitoring Stations (7 Stations)
- Chiang Mai
- Phitsanulok
- Bangkok
- Suratthani
- Hat Yai
- Udonthani
- Ubon Ratchathani
GPS RAIM Outage Prediction NOTAM
• GPS RAIM Outage Prediction NOTAM
- Provide for all airport with PBN Procedures (RNP APCH)
BCP0717 302202KK VTBBZRZP302200 KLAXXAAWGXXXX/YY NOTAMR
Q) VTBB/QGAXX/I/NBO/A/000/999/1957N09952E025A) VTCT B) 1507010000 C) 1507022359E) GPS RAIM PREDICTION FOR:TSO-C129 FAULT DETECTIONNO GPS RAIM OUTAGES
TSO-C146A FAULT DETECTION ONLYNO GPS RAIM OUTAGES
TSO-C146A FAULT DETECTION WITH EXCLUSION20150701 0047 TIL 20150701 005820150701 0134 TIL 20150701 0139GPS RAIM UNAVAILABLE FOR RNP APPROACH
Thailand PBN Implementation Milestones:2007 PBN Working Group founded - collaboration
2009 First PBN Approach published
First Implementation Plan submitted to ICAO
2008-2017 Continuous Process of Capability Building– Personal Training
– Design Supporting Tools
– Flight Validation Fleet
2016 Assembly Resolution 37-11 fulfilled
2017 Revised Implementation Plan submitted to ICAO
-----------------
2018 New IFP and PBN Regulations promulgation
2019 All Runways Ends with PBN APCH
Summary
• PBN provides benefits to airspace users and the aviation community.
• PBN implementation is not hard, but need collaboration and efforts from stakeholders.
• With airspace users are ready to utilize their fleet capabilities, ANSPs and regulators should deliver and drive for performance-based services.
• APAC states should work together on PBN implementation to improve connectivity and enhance capacity within the region.
Conclusion