THE 13 COLONIES AND THEIR IDENTITIES

The New England ColoniesThe Middle Colonies

The Southern Colonies

The New England Colonies

Massachusettes New Hampshire Rhode Island Connecticut

Massachusettes Settled by the

English and Puritans

Reason for the settlement --- to escape religious persecution

Established in 1620

The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trade

New Hampshire Settled by the

English and Puritans

Reason for settlement – to gain economic wealth

Established in 1623

The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trading

Rhode Island Settled by the

English and Puritans

Reason for the settlement – to escape religious persecution

Established in 1636

The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trading

Connecticut Settled by the

English and Puritans

Reason for the settlement – to escape religious persecution

Established in 1636

The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trading

Middle Colonies New York (New Netherland) Delaware New Jersey Pennsylvania The river valleys had rich soil and mild

winters. Conditions were favorable for farming and raising livestock.

New York (New Netherland)

Settled by the Dutch West India Company, also Swedes, English (Puritans), Germans, and Africans

Reason for the settlement – to gain economic wealth and religious tolerance (freedom) (Catholics, Jews, Quakers, and Protestants)

Established in 1624

The economy consisted of cash crops (farming and trading) and craftsmanship

A patroon—a person who brought 50 settlers would receive as an award land and special privileges in hunting, fishing and trading

Delaware Settled by the

Swedes and then taken over by the Dutch. English, Germans, and Africans also arrived

Reason for the settlement – to escape religious persecution

Established in 1638

The economy consisted of cash crops (farming and trading) and craftsmanship

New Jersey Settled by the

Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans, and Africans

Reason for the settlement – to gain economic wealth and religious tolerance (freedom) (Catholics, Jews, Quakers, and Protestants)

The economy consisted of cash crops (farming and trading) and craftsmanship

Established in 1664

Pennsylvania Land was given as

a repayment of a loan to Wm. Penn.

The name means “Penn’s Woods”

A very diverse population with religious tolerance—equality for all

Established in 1681

One of the wealthiest of the American colonies.

The economy was cash crops and craftsmanship

Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Soil and climate were suitable for growing

tobacco, rice and indigo.

Virginia Settled by the

English and Africans (slaves)

Reason for the settlement was to gain economic wealth

Established in 1607

The economy was made up of plantations

Maryland Settled by the

English and Africans (slaves)

Established for Roman Catholics escaping persecution

Tough labor and therefore attracted FEW women as settlers

Established in1632

The economy was based on tobacco, which required backbreaking work

Most of the laborers came as either servants or slaves

North and South Carolina Originally the

Carolinas were one large colony

Established in 1663 Divided into 2 colonies

in 1729 Settled by English

settlers from Barbados Settled for religious

freedom and to gain economic wealth

The economy was driven by cutting timber, raising cattle and trading with the Native Americans

The Carolina colonists needed laborers to grow rice and indigo. The English encouraged the use of enslaved Africans and Native Americans who they sold into slavery

Georgia Founded by James

Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors

English, Swiss, German, and Scottish settled in Georgia

Established in 1732

The economy was driven by plantations

Summary

New England: Commerce and Religion

Distinguished by its small farming towns and profitable fishing and trade

Summary The Middle Colonies: Farms

and Cities

Farms produced large cash crops that fueled trade in its coastal cities.

Summary The Southern Colonies:

Plantations and Slavery

The plantation economy and large number of enslaved Africans made it different from the other regions

The Backcountry The Backcountry was

different from the denser coastal population, so settlers developed a more independent and rugged way of life.

The Middle Passage This was the route that the

ships took to bring enslaved Africans to the West Indies.

These Africans were experienced farmers and were also immune to European diseases.