The 1905 RevolutionThe 1905 Revolution

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-H1jBY7EVE

War with JapanWar with Japan

• In 1904 Russia went to war with Japan

• Tsar Nicholas thought victory would be quick

Tsar Nicholas was very

unpopular

However the Russian army kept being defeated

Life for the working people got worse as the food supplies to cities broke down and factories ran out of raw materials

Bloody SundayBloody Sunday

When?When? Sunday 22nd January 1905Who?Who? Hundreds of Petrograd (St

Petersburg) workers in their best clothes take part in a peaceful march led by Father Gapon

What?What? March to Tsar’s palace led by priests to present him with a petition which demanded 8 hour days, a minimum wage, a parliament, equality, freedom of press/religion/assembly. When they reached the palace troops opened fire, 96 died 333 wounded (approx)

ImpactImpact = Convinced the people that Tsar no longer “Dear Father”, produced strikes and mutiny which led to 1905 Revolution

From Inside Russia

From outside Russia

Bloody Sunday

Working conditions in factories

Government reaction to protests

No reforms

Rising tax to pay for war with Japan

No freedom or rights

Ideas of Marx

Military failure in war with Japan

Western ideas of democracy from Europe

The The Revolution Revolution

of 1905of 1905

MutinyMutiny• June 1905 the crew of the battleship

Potemkin threw their officers overboard and took control of the ship

• This showed that Tsar Nicholas could not trust or control his military

Mutiny = rebellion against commanding officers

The Peasants Rebel and the The Peasants Rebel and the Workers Strike!Workers Strike!

• In many areas of the country the peasants rebelled

• Landlords were murdered and farms burned

• In September a general strike began with factories, offices, shops and railways closing across Russia

SovietsSoviets

• To help run the strikes smoothly and keep order, councils called Soviets were established

• They soon became an alternative form of government which had the support of the people

October ManifestoOctober Manifesto

• Nicholas had to do something...• In October 1905 he issues the October

Manifesto • This agreed to and elected parliament

called a Duma to help run the country• It also gave basic rights of free speech

and freedom to form political parties• The Liberals were happy, but others did

not trust Nicholas to keep his word

• By December Nicholas had changed his mind and members of the St Petersburg Soviet were arrested

• Fighting broke out across Russia and many died

• Bands of thugs called the “Black Hundreds” massacred the revolutionaries

• By March 1906 the revolution was over• Elections for the Duma were held in March • When they met for the first time Nicholas

issued a set of Fundamental Laws:“1. To the Emperor of all the Russias belongs

supreme autocratic power”

SummarSummaryy

• Began with mutiny of sailors• Peasants rebel in the country• General strike across Russia of all workers• Soviets established to run cities and keep

order• October Manifesto promises elected

parliament and basic rights• By December Nicholas changed mind • By March revolution over after many deaths• Fundamental Laws show that nothing has

changed – Tsar still autocrat

QuestionsQuestions

1. Why did the war with Japan make the Tsar unpopular?

2. Do you think the decision to open fire on protestors during Bloody Sunday a sensible one?

3. Describe the events of the 1905 Revolution

4. What did the October Manifesto promise?

5. How successful was the 1905 Revolution?