The1905

Russian Revolutio

n

The1905

Russian Revolutio

nWhat What Caused Caused the Russian the Russian Revolution?Revolution?

ALEXANDER III: ALEXANDER III: Autocratic Rule:holding independent arbitrary powers

Harsh leadership: Cracked Harsh leadership: Cracked down on anyone who down on anyone who threatened his governmentthreatened his government– CensorshipCensorship

Mistreated all minorities Mistreated all minorities (non-Russians)… especially (non-Russians)… especially Jews.Jews.– POGOMSPOGOMS:: organized violence organized violence

against Jewsagainst Jews Resistance to any changeResistance to any change

– Inflamed the massesInflamed the masses

ROAD TO REVOLUTION: ROAD TO REVOLUTION: Conditions BEFORE & LEADING to the Conditions BEFORE & LEADING to the

RevolutionRevolution

Pre-Revolutionary RussiaPre-Revolutionary RussiaNicholas II: the LAST ROMANOV Nicholas II: the LAST ROMANOV

CZARCZAR Nicholas II became Nicholas II became

Czar in 1894Czar in 1894

Despite buildup of Despite buildup of Russia’s industry, the Russia’s industry, the economy was sufferingeconomy was suffering

The political system is The political system is rigid, archaic, & corruptrigid, archaic, & corrupt

Russo-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War (1904) lead the country (1904) lead the country into international into international embarrassmentembarrassment

1. Early 1. Early 2020cc: :

Russian Russian Social Social

HierarchHierarchyy

2. Industrialization & Economic 2. Industrialization & Economic GrowthGrowth

Leads to UNRESTLeads to UNREST

Poor working conditionsPoor working conditions– Child laborChild labor– Low wagesLow wages

Growing gap between the RICH & Growing gap between the RICH & POORPOOR

2. Weak Economy2. Weak Economy

Economy:Economy: system of producing & system of producing & consumingconsuming

1905 Russian Rubles

2a. First Stages of 2a. First Stages of IndustrializationIndustrialization

An Early Russian Factory

2b. Extensive Foreign Investments & 2b. Extensive Foreign Investments & InfluenceInfluence

Imperialism lead to Building the Trans-Siberian RR[Economic benefits only in a few regions.]

3. Russo-3. Russo-Japanese Japanese War War [1904-[1904-

1905]1905]

The “Yellow Peril”

Russo-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War [1904-1905][1904-1905]

Russo-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War [1904-1905][1904-1905]

Treaty of Portsmouth Treaty of Portsmouth [NH] - 1905[NH] - 1905

President Theodore Roosevelt Acts as the Peacemake

r

[He gets the Nobel

Peace Prize for his

efforts.]

Russo Japanese WarRusso Japanese War

CAUSE: CAUSE: Russia & Japan competing to Russia & Japan competing to IMPERIALIZEIMPERIALIZE

Japan declared war on RussiaJapan declared war on Russia

EFFECTS: EFFECTS: Japan defeated RussiaJapan defeated Russia

– Loss of National MoraleLoss of National Morale– Loss of Confidence in the Czar’s governmentLoss of Confidence in the Czar’s government– UNREST developsUNREST develops

Russia Is HumiliatedRussia Is Humiliated

4. Social Unrest Among 4. Social Unrest Among the Peasants & Urban the Peasants & Urban

Working PoorWorking PoorFather Georgi Gapon:

Leader of the People? or Leader of the People? or

Government informer?Government informer?

He informed government He informed government officials of the uprising.officials of the uprising.

They were ready for They were ready for them!them!

The The RevolutioRevolution of 1905- n of 1905-

Bloody Bloody SundaySunday

Gap between rich & poor was enormous Gap between rich & poor was enormous (Industrialization)(Industrialization)

Working class grew angry (Industrialization)Working class grew angry (Industrialization) Revolutionary groups formed to overthrow the Revolutionary groups formed to overthrow the

government (UNREST)government (UNREST)– BOLSHEVIKSBOLSHEVIKS: one group of revolutionaries led by : one group of revolutionaries led by

LeninLenin

Bloody Bloody Sunday Sunday (1905)(1905)

200,000 workers 200,000 workers (proletariate)(proletariate) went to went to the czar’s palace at the czar’s palace at St Petersburg to St Petersburg to ask for better working ask for better working conditionsconditions

Army were ordered to fire at the crowd… killing Army were ordered to fire at the crowd… killing 1,000 unarmed people1,000 unarmed people

People are outraged & push the Czar to put in People are outraged & push the Czar to put in some REFORMSsome REFORMS– What do they Want What do they Want

DUMADUMA (Russian Legislature is created) under duress (Russian Legislature is created) under duress

The The RevolutioRevolutio

n n SpreadsSpreads

The Czar’s The Czar’s October October ManifestoManifesto

October 30, 1905

The Opening of the The Opening of the DumaDuma::Possible Possible

Reforms?Reforms?

1906The first two tries were

too radical.

The third duma was elected by the richest people in Russia in 1907.

ConservatismConservatism Continues: 1905-17 Continues: 1905-17 Conservative: support traditional ways & Conservative: support traditional ways & values; want to AVOID CHANGEvalues; want to AVOID CHANGE

DUMADUMA: Russia’s 1st : Russia’s 1st Parliament Parliament

Czar paid no attention Czar paid no attention to the Dumato the Duma

The Duma harassed & The Duma harassed & political parties political parties suppressedsuppressed

Nicholas was Nicholas was personally a very personally a very weak manweak man

Alexandra = the real Alexandra = the real power behind the power behind the thronethrone

Czar Cracks Back DOWN: Czar Cracks Back DOWN:

The Russian Constitution of The Russian Constitution of 19061906 Known as the Fundamental Laws

[April 23, 1906].

The AUTOCRACY of the Russian Czar was declared.

The Czar was supreme over the law, the church, and the Duma.

It confirmed the basic human rights granted by the October Manifesto, BUT made them subordinate to the supremacy of the law.

Jewish Refugees Come to Jewish Refugees Come to America in 1906America in 1906

Due to Czar’s Due to Czar’s continued continued POGROMSPOGROMS

Connect: Connect:

1905 to1905 to

The Path The Path to to

October, October, 19171917

THE THE Russian Russian

RevolutioRevolutionn

IMMEDIATE CAUSESIMMEDIATE CAUSES of ofThe Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution

1. World War I1. World War I: “The Last : “The Last Straw”Straw”

War revealed the War revealed the country’s weakness in country’s weakness in leadership & severe leadership & severe lack of developmentlack of development

Poorly supplied troopsPoorly supplied troops Millions of Russian men Millions of Russian men

were deadwere dead Soldiers refused to Soldiers refused to

continue to fightcontinue to fight Unrest building -1:45Unrest building -1:45 Rasputin_Undermines_Nicholas__Rasputin_Undermines_Nicholas__

Authority.asfAuthority.asf

2. Rasputin2. Rasputin

Strange Monk/Mystic who Strange Monk/Mystic who influenced Alexandrainfluenced Alexandra– Relieved her sons painRelieved her sons pain

Spread corruption Spread corruption throughout the throughout the governmentgovernment

Scandals surrounding Scandals surrounding Rasputin served to Rasputin served to discredit the monarchy discredit the monarchy 1:45- end1:45- end

Rasputin_Undermines_NicholaRasputin_Undermines_Nicholas__Authority.asfs__Authority.asf

3. The Collapse of the Imperial 3. The Collapse of the Imperial GovernmentGovernment

Nicholas leaves for the Nicholas leaves for the Front—September, Front—September, 19151915

Alexandra & Alexandra & RasputinRasputin throw the government throw the government into chaosinto chaos

Alexandra & other high Alexandra & other high government officials government officials accused of treasonaccused of treason

The Collapse of the The Collapse of the Imperial Government (cont)Imperial Government (cont)

Rasputin Rasputin assassinated in assassinated in December of 1916 December of 1916 -1:33-1:33

Nicholas_Forced_to_Abdicate.asfNicholas_Forced_to_Abdicate.asf

Czar forced to step Czar forced to step down (abdicate) in down (abdicate) in 1917 1917 (March (March Revolution)Revolution)

Nicholas_Abdicates_the_Throne_.asfNicholas_Abdicates_the_Throne_.asf

Provisional Govt. Provisional Govt. establishedestablished

The Two Revolutions of The Two Revolutions of 19171917

The November The November RevolutionRevolution - - Lenin’s Lenin’s “Peace, Land,“Peace, Land, & & Bread”Bread” slogan stirs slogan stirs the people to support the people to support the Bolsheviks the Bolsheviks (1:33-END)(1:33-END)

Armed workers Armed workers (Proletariat) take over (Proletariat) take over the government the government

Bolsheviks take overBolsheviks take over– Czar & family are executed Czar & family are executed

in 1918in 1918– Nicholas_Forced_to_Abdicate.aNicholas_Forced_to_Abdicate.a

sfsf

•The March The March RevolutionRevolution – – SOVIETS SOVIETS established:established: local councils local councils who were often more powerful who were often more powerful than the government & who had than the government & who had forced the Czar from power forced the Czar from power established theestablished the•PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENTPROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT led by Alexander Kerensky led by Alexander Kerensky stayed in WWIstayed in WWI

• Meanwhile Lenin returns to Meanwhile Lenin returns to Russia W/ help from Germany Russia W/ help from Germany AND…AND…•WHAT TO DO WITH THE CZAR?WHAT TO DO WITH THE CZAR?

Founder of Founder of Bolshevism:Bolshevism: Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin

Committed to Class Committed to Class Struggle and RevolutionStruggle and Revolution

Key role of the Party in Key role of the Party in the revolutionthe revolution

-- “Dictatorship of the -- “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”Proletariat”

LeninLenin Steps Into Power Steps Into Power

Lenin gives farmers back Lenin gives farmers back their landtheir land

Workers were given Workers were given control of factoriescontrol of factories

Bolshevik Party renamed Bolshevik Party renamed Communist Party in Communist Party in March of 1918March of 1918

Lenin agreed to a peace Lenin agreed to a peace treaty treaty (Brest-Litovsk (Brest-Litovsk Treaty)Treaty) with Germany, with Germany, ending Russia’s ending Russia’s involvement in WWI and involvement in WWI and conceding land to conceding land to GermanyGermany

Civil WarCivil Warbetween the RED & WHITE between the RED & WHITE

armiesarmies Humiliating Treaty angered Humiliating Treaty angered

many Russians and turned many Russians and turned them against the them against the BolsheviksBolsheviks

Civil WarCivil War fought between fought between 1917-19201917-1920-- -- “Reds”“Reds” versus “ versus “WhitesWhites””

15 million Russians died 15 million Russians died from war & faminefrom war & famine

Lenin’s Red Lenin’s Red Army eventually Army eventually wins wins

White White = Czar supporters = Czar supporters & backed by Western & backed by Western PowersPowers

Reds Reds = = Bolsheviks/CommunistsBolsheviks/Communists

Romanovs succumb Romanovs succumb to Communismto Communism

Romanov_Dynasty_Succumbs_to_CommuRomanov_Dynasty_Succumbs_to_Communism.asfnism.asf

LeninLenin Restores Order after Restores Order after years of World War, years of World War,

Revolution and Civil WarRevolution and Civil War Organized Russian into Organized Russian into

Republics; unifying the Republics; unifying the countrycountry

Lenin allowed some Lenin allowed some private ownership of private ownership of property (NEP)property (NEP)

Formed a new nation: Formed a new nation: The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union

Lenin sets out to rebuild Lenin sets out to rebuild the new USSR & its the new USSR & its economyeconomy

Established SOVIETS to Established SOVIETS to rule locallyrule locally

Who influenced LeninWho influenced Lenin

Karl Marx:Karl Marx:– Ideas formed the basis of Lenin’s revolutionary ideaIdeas formed the basis of Lenin’s revolutionary idea– Wrote the book, THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTOWrote the book, THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO

Put for the idea of a class struggle the would lead to a Put for the idea of a class struggle the would lead to a take over by the proletariat and then the take over by the proletariat and then the establishment of a “classless” society (COMMUNISM)establishment of a “classless” society (COMMUNISM)

– Inspired proletariats around the worldInspired proletariats around the world

Vision of a lasting & prosperous society Vision of a lasting & prosperous society – An economic & social system that advocated a single political An economic & social system that advocated a single political

party & state ownership of property.party & state ownership of property.

Lenin’s “right hand Lenin’s “right hand man”man”

Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky– Fellow BolshevikFellow Bolshevik– IntellectualIntellectual– Negotiated the Treaty of Negotiated the Treaty of

Brest-Litovsk to end WWIBrest-Litovsk to end WWI– Commanded the Red Army Commanded the Red Army

during the Civil Warduring the Civil War