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R 7

SHAKESPEARE

All the world’s a stage

And all the men and women merely players:

They have their exits and their entrances;

And one man in his time plays many parts.

----As You Like It, Act 2, Scene 7

AS YOU LIKE IT

This famous passage from Bill Shakespeare’s play As You Like It illustrates a key concept in sociological theory. Sociologists view an individual’s life as a series of roles. Adulthood is a period of taking on several new roles—college student, employee, spouse, parent and finally senior citizens. But people do not instinctively know the rules of a new roles. They must learn these rules from other through the process of socialization.

EARLY AND MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

• Life patterns are certainly different for men and women• 69% of women who have children under 18 work part-time •Women enter the work force, take time to have children, then go back•Men on the other hand never really leave the work force

ADULT MALE DEVELOPMENT

• Psychologist Daniel Levinson’s research of Dev. Stage• Long term study on 40 men ages 35-45• 10 business execs, 10 hourly workers, 10 bio profs, and 10 writers

• Levinson and colleagues determined the men’s life structure: combo of statuses, roles, activities, goals, values, beliefs, and life circumstances that make the indiv.• Able to distinguish patterns that appear in all men• 3 major patterns

3 STAGES OF ADULT MALE DEVELOPMENTEarly adulthood

• ADULT TRANSITION: ages 17-22

• Leaving home mentally and physically

• Going to college/taking on a full time job

• Break w/ parents isn’t abrupt

3 STAGES OF ADULT MALE DEVELOPMENTEarly adulthood

• ENTER THE ADULT WORLD: ages 23-27

• 2 contradicting goals in this period:• Explore a variety of relationships and career opps. • Expected to become a responsible member of society

• Fulfilling dream

3 STAGES OF ADULT MALE DEVELOPMENTEarly adulthood

• AGE 30 TRANSITION: ages 28-32

• Time to look back on choices that have been made

• Choices made now create stable or unstable foundation for future development

• Novice phase: time when men prepare for entry into the adult world•making a place for yourself in the adult world

3 STAGES OF ADULT MALE DEVELOPMENTEarly adulthood

• SETTLING DOWN PERIOD: ages 33-39

• “Making it” in the adult world

• Work to fulfill dreams est. in previous periods

• B.O.O.M. Becoming Ones Own Man• Separating ones self from a mentor: someone who fosters an individuals devel. by believing in the person, sharing the persons dreams, and helping the person achieve those dreams

3 STAGES OF ADULT MALE DEVELOPMENTMiddle adulthood

• MIDLIFE TRANSITION: ages 40-44

• Like age 30 transition, another self-examination

• Realizing if dreams weren’t met, they probably won’t• Esc. pressure of unattainable dreams is one of the major tasks of the mid life transition

•Midlife crisis •Work through it by becoming a mentor

3 STAGES OF ADULT MALE DEVELOPMENTLate adulthood

• LATE ADULT TRANSITION: ages 60-75

• Realization of death becomes more imminent

ADULT FEMALE DEVELOPMENT

• Levinson said findings were equally valid for women

• Concluded that men and women go through same stages of development•Deal with developmental tasks dif. in each stage

• Some ppl argue that the differences bc the developmental process for men & women are different• 3 stages for women

PHASE I: LEAVING THE FAMILY

• Similar to men, women leaving the home, making a break from parents and developing a life plan •Marriage is more a focus than career • Life plan hinges on on marriage•^big differences on female and male development

PHASE II: ENTERING THE ADULT WORLD

• Motherhood and a career are a workable combo•Added stress on the woman •59% of women return to work before their child is 1 •Women can’t advance in work if they’re out long

• The break in working is another dif. from men

PHASE III: ENTERING THE ADULT WORLD AGAIN• Similar to what men experience in their 20’s

• Women develop a commitment to their careers at a time when their husbands are beginning to have serious doubts about their own careers

• Full-time exec. and admin. positions for women is ^^

• 1/3 of all working couples the woman earns more $

WHAT I EXPECT FROM MY FUTURE CAREER• As you enter the class, sit down and

take out a sheet of paper.

• Think about “What you expect from your future”

• Take 5 minutes and think about the career you hope to have in the next 10 years.

•Within that career, create a list of goals you hope to obtain or achieve•Actor: winning an Emmy•Musician: winning a Grammy•Writer: Pulitzer prize winner

7.2 THE WORLD OF WORK

• If you start working at 18 and retire at 65, you will have spent 47 years of your life in the work force

• What will work life be like?• Labor force• Types of jobs we hold•Degree of job satisfaction•^^these will help answer that question

LABOR FORCE

• Labor force: all ind. age 16 & older who are employed in paid positions or who are seeking paid positions• 2000: ~67% of the U.S. was in the labor force

COMPOSITION

• The comp. of workers is changing: more women now• 1970: 38% 2010: ~50% professional jobs

• Profession: high-status occu. That requires specialized skills obtained through formal edu.• Rise in minority workers• Hispanics: fastest growing working pop. In U.S.

LABOR FORCE

UNEMPLOYMENT (UnE)

• Unemployment: sit. When a person does not have a job BUT actively seeking

• “ “ rate: % of labor force UnE BUT seeking work

• UnE varies with age, gender race, cultural background•M: 4.8%, F:4.7%•White: 4.2, AA: 8.7, His: 6.6• Age 20-24: 8.3, 25-44: 4.1, 45-64: 3.1

CHANGING NATURE OF WORK

• 1900: much more farming and manufacturing

• Mid Cent: manufacturing dominated the labor force

• Current: farm/manu=27%, considerable growth w/ professionals (73%)•Managerial/Admin support• The computer has contributed to much of the growth

Women have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; now hold about ½ of all professional jobs

Minorities have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; in particular Hispanics, who are the fastest growing group of workers

Education worker’s education level has increased; about 90% of workers aged 25 to 64 have high school diplomas; about 1/3 have college degrees

Changes in the Nature of Work and the Labor Force

Farming and Manufacturing fell form 85% of U.S. labor force in 1900 to 27% in 2000; most work now is in professional office work, sales, and service jobs

JOB SATISFACTION

• Generally, people are satisfied with their jobs

• Depends on income and age•^$=greater satisfaction, ^age=greater satisfaction

• Also depends on control over work, use of skill, and those who receive recognition

• Others say; workplace safety, co-workers, flexible hours, and job security

STORY BOARDING

• A storyboard is a sketch of how to organize a story and a list of its contents

• A storyboard helps you:•Define parameters of a story within available time•Organize and focus a story• Figure out what medium to use for each part of the story

GROUPS

1. Marcelo, Giordana, Iman 11. David, Ruvi, Aaron, Kency

2. Jazmin, Christina, Dazmen 12. Asia, Isis, Evelina

3. Keke, Nelson, Shavon

4. Dakisha, Antwanesha, Ellis

5. Chatherine, Ashley, Kemric

6. Tia, Olivia, John

7. Kevin, Sylvia, Dan, Lametrius

8. Cristian, Megan, Precious

9. Gabby, Alex, Dillan

10.Angel, Giselle, Kelli

STORYBOARDING• Your task it to join your two/three other group

members

• Take a sheet of parchment paper and drawing materials

• You will then create your own storyboard demonstrating how the nature of work has changed in the U.S. from 1900-Present day• Use the book Chp.7 pg 157 if you need more help

• I will give each of you graph showing predictions of the job market into the year 2020• You will add an additional 1-2 images showing this future projection

Underneath each picture you will write a quick caption of what is going on within your imagery

STORYBOARDING

• Must have at least 6 boxes with 6 descriptions including the information gone over in class or within the text book•Remember 1-2 must be future projection drawings

• All members must participate in drawing/writing

• Must use color

• Drawings must be large enough to see from back of classroom

TICKET OUT THE DOOR

On a piece of paper write me a paragraph describing what you learned about the change in labor from 1900 to present day

Or

What you think will happen based on the graph I gave you within the next 8 years

7.3 THE LATER YEARS

What are the characteristics of life during late adulthood?

What new challenges do older Americans face?

• As health care continues to improve, the older population is growing rapidly• 12% in 2000, possibly 20% in 2030 (65 and older)

•Gerontology: study of the process/phenomena of aging• Social G: study of the nonphysical aspects of the aging process

CHANGE CONTINUES

• BC we are living longer, there are major differences between 65 and 85•Group them into 3 categories

• Young-old: 65-74, adjusting to retirement •Middle-old: 75-84 and old-old: 85+ are more concerned with physical well being•Mental as well as physical

ADJUSTMENT TO RETIREMENT

• Studies finding, not as stressful as generally assumed•How could it be?• Ppl who strongly identify with their jobs

• Those who were happy with work usually translates to retirement and vise versa

• $ and Health also contribute • Remaining active in community/social life helps BIG• Failure to adapt=negative consequences•High suicide rates in white males 65+…why?

PHYSICAL/MENTAL FUNCTIONING

• The older we get the more we slow down•Muscles and nerves• Hair whitens, muscles shrink, lose weight

• HOWEVER, we attain most our intellectual abilities •Old studies/new studies • Intelligence, learning, and memory do decline• Not as great as we once thought• Some skills increase; vocabulary

• Alzheimer’s disease: organic condition that results in progressive deterioration of brain cells

DEALING WITH DEPENDENCY AND DEATH• Dependency: relying on others for

financial and physical assistance •Remember, being dependent is very important

• Parent/child reversal roles•Death don’t scurr me•Older people are comfortable with death, why?•Middle-aged people fear it much more…why?