The African American The African American Struggle for Civil RightsStruggle for Civil Rights

Big SixBig Six

Philip Randolph- socialist that Philip Randolph- socialist that challenged FDRchallenged FDR

John Farmer – founder of COREJohn Farmer – founder of CORE Ray Wilkins- director of NAACP in the Ray Wilkins- director of NAACP in the

50s50s MLK – leader of SCLCMLK – leader of SCLC John Lewis- SNCC presidentJohn Lewis- SNCC president Whitney Young- leader of the National Whitney Young- leader of the National

Urban LeagueUrban League

Leading to the Civil Rights Leading to the Civil Rights MovementMovement

TrumanTruman Desegregate militaryDesegregate military Add civil rights to Democratic Add civil rights to Democratic

programprogram Larger urban black middle classLarger urban black middle class Discrimination in the U.S hurt Discrimination in the U.S hurt

the propaganda against the propaganda against CommunistsCommunists

Black veterans in WWII fought Black veterans in WWII fought racism aboard, dedicated to racism aboard, dedicated to fight at homefight at home

Not share in postwar prosperityNot share in postwar prosperity Symbolic breakthroughSymbolic breakthrough

Jackie Robinson (1947)Jackie Robinson (1947)

Jackie Jackie RobinsonRobinson

Emmett Till

Court CasesCourt Cases Smith v Allwright (1944)Smith v Allwright (1944)

Attack “separate but equal” Attack “separate but equal” Brown v Board of Education of Topeka (1954)Brown v Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

Southern ManifestoSouthern Manifesto

Thurgood Marshall

Mrs. Brown and Linda Brown

Black ActivismBlack Activism From the courts to the streetsFrom the courts to the streets 1946- integrate interstate1946- integrate interstate 1955- Montg. intrastate1955- Montg. intrastate

Claudette Colvin

Irene Morgan

Rosa Parks

CRMCRM Non violence, Civil disobedience, IntegrationNon violence, Civil disobedience, Integration SCLC, SNCC, CORESCLC, SNCC, CORE Social- Integration in schools, later other Social- Integration in schools, later other

places. Gains- CRA 64places. Gains- CRA 64 Montg Bus Boycott (SCLC), Greensboro (SNCC), Montg Bus Boycott (SCLC), Greensboro (SNCC),

Freedom Rides (CORE), Little Rock Nine, Meredith, Freedom Rides (CORE), Little Rock Nine, Meredith, Wade ins, Sleep ins, Birmingham demo (SCLC), Wade ins, Sleep ins, Birmingham demo (SCLC), March on Washington (SCLC- to pass CRA 64)March on Washington (SCLC- to pass CRA 64)

Political- Voting. Gains- Voting Rights Act; 24Political- Voting. Gains- Voting Rights Act; 24thth AmendmentAmendment Freedom Summer (CORE), Selma March (SCLC)Freedom Summer (CORE), Selma March (SCLC)

A Dream Deferredby Langston Hughes

                                                        What happens to a dream

deferred?Does it dry up

like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore--

And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat?

Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet?Maybe it just sags like a heavy load.

Or does it explode?

Change in MovementChange in Movement 4 Little Girls (1963)4 Little Girls (1963) No gains made in CRM for No gains made in CRM for

Northern blacks Northern blacks economicallyeconomically

FYI FYI “Each time the people…saw Martin “Each time the people…saw Martin Luther King get slapped, they Luther King get slapped, they became angry; when they saw four became angry; when they saw four little black girls bombed to death, little black girls bombed to death, they were angrier; and when nothing they were angrier; and when nothing happened, they were steaming. We happened, they were steaming. We had nothing to offer that they could had nothing to offer that they could see, except to go out and be beaten see, except to go out and be beaten again. We helped to build their again. We helped to build their frustration.”frustration.”

- Stokely Carmichael- Stokely Carmichael

Old Movement: South, voter registration and segregation. New Movement: North, poverty, unemployment, housing, police brutality

Medgar Evers

Characteristics of the Characteristics of the BPMBPM

MilitancyMilitancy RiotsRiots SeparatismSeparatism Black Pride and Political Black Pride and Political

and and EconomicEconomic EmpowermentEmpowerment Afros, dashikis, “black Afros, dashikis, “black

names”names” Adopting term “black”Adopting term “black”

“Say it loud- I’m black and I’m proud!”

-James Brown

Major LeadersMajor Leaders Stokely Carmichael Stokely Carmichael

(SNCC)(SNCC) Switched from non Switched from non

violent tacticsviolent tactics

Huey

Malcolm

Riots Kerner Report

White racism to blame for rioting

De facto segregation still exists

U.S becoming “two societies, one black, one white- separate and unequal”

Govt. not address social and economic needs

Unless, implement govt. programs riots will continue

The Long Hot SummerThe Long Hot Summer

WATTS- 1965

Detroit - 1967Detroit - 1967

Malcolm X Assassination 1965

MLK Assassination 1968

Summary: Let’s Break It DownSummary: Let’s Break It Down

ReconstructionReconstruction SocialSocial

Black Codes, 13Black Codes, 13thth and 14 and 14thth Amendment, Jim Crow, Amendment, Jim Crow, Plessy, lynching, lack of Plessy, lynching, lack of educationeducation

EconomicEconomic 40 acres and a mule, 40 acres and a mule,

sharecrop, tenant, lack of sharecrop, tenant, lack of land redistributionland redistribution

PoliticalPolitical 1515thth Amendment, poll tax, Amendment, poll tax,

literacy test, grandfather literacy test, grandfather clause, Force Act (weak)clause, Force Act (weak)

Changes?Changes? Troops and executive Troops and executive

branch executesbranch executes Still, can’t change Still, can’t change

mindsetmindset Assassinations, Assassinations,

bombings, Kerner Report, bombings, Kerner Report, de facto segregationde facto segregation

One more shot by govtOne more shot by govt Great Society, War on Great Society, War on

Poverty, affirmative Poverty, affirmative actionaction

Women’s MovementWomen’s Movement NOWNOW

Goals:Goals: Equal pay, Protection from Equal pay, Protection from

discrimination, Legalization of discrimination, Legalization of abortionabortion

GainsGains Roe v WadeRoe v Wade Title IX (CRA 64)Title IX (CRA 64)

Prohibits discrimination in schoolProhibits discrimination in school Girl sports; integrated sportsGirl sports; integrated sports

Still…Still… No Equal payNo Equal pay ““Glass Ceiling”Glass Ceiling”

American Indian Movement (1968)American Indian Movement (1968)

Worst off of minoritiesWorst off of minorities Claim AlcatrazClaim Alcatraz GainsGains

Indian Self Indian Self Determination Act of 75Determination Act of 75

Reservations have Reservations have greater control over greater control over internal programs, internal programs, education, law education, law enforcement (autonomy)enforcement (autonomy)

CasinosCasinos Compensation for Compensation for

treaty violationstreaty violations

Latino Activism 1970s – 12 mill illegal foreigners New arrivals in Midwest and East

from PR, Cuba, and Central and South America

2000s- Hispanics largest minority group

Gains Boycotts and Unionizing

Cesar Chavez Bilingual classes 1980s public office

Gay Liberation MovementGay Liberation Movement

Stonewall Inn raid Stonewall Inn raid (69)(69)

Harvey MilkHarvey Milk No longer classified No longer classified

as a mental illnessas a mental illness Gains in the 90’sGains in the 90’s

Warren Court (1953-69)Warren Court (1953-69) Mapp v. Ohio (1961) ruled that illegally seized evidence Mapp v. Ohio (1961) ruled that illegally seized evidence

cannot be used in court against the accused. cannot be used in court against the accused. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) required that state courts Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) required that state courts

provide counsel for poor defendants.provide counsel for poor defendants. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) required the police to inform an Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) required the police to inform an

arrested person of his or her right to remain silent. arrested person of his or her right to remain silent. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) extended the ruling in Escobedo Miranda v. Arizona (1966) extended the ruling in Escobedo

to include the right to a lawyer being present during to include the right to a lawyer being present during questioning by the police. questioning by the police.

Baker v. Carr (1962) principle of “one man, one vote,” Baker v. Carr (1962) principle of “one man, one vote,” election districts would have to be redrawn to provide election districts would have to be redrawn to provide equal representation (gerrymandering)equal representation (gerrymandering)

EVERYONE MUST COMPLETE ONE OF THE QUESTIONS BELOW!!

Compare and contrast U.S society in the 1920s and 1950s with respect to race relations Directions: Construct a venn diagram. Fill it in with 6 pts of o.i.

Make sure you give contrast and compare. “Between 1960 and 1975, there was great progress in the struggle

for political and social equality.” Assess the validity of this statement with respect to TWO

• African Americans • Native Americans• Women • Latinos

Directions: Part One: Mostly, somewhat, or barely. Part Two: 3 pts of o.i for each group. Analysis must prove your argument of mostly, somewhat or barely

Compare and contrastCompare and contrast the women’s rights movement of the the women’s rights movement of the 1840s–1860s with the women’s rights movement of the 1960s–1840s–1860s with the women’s rights movement of the 1960s–1980s. 1980s. DirectionsDirections:: Construct a venn diagram. Fill it in with 6 pts of o.i.

Make sure you give contrast and compare.