The Age of Imperialism Section 1 - Geneva High School 11-1 powerpoint6.pdf · 2018-02-01 · The Age of Imperialism Section 1 •1857, strained relations exploded into rebellion,

The Age of Imperialism Section 1


Main Idea

One of the first examples of European imperialism in Asia, the British

rule over India changed Indian politics, economics, and society and led

to the rise of Indian nationalism.

The British in India

IMPERIALISM=BULLYING

EUROCENTRIC VIEW +WHITE MAN’S BURDEN. Money and political

prestige

Content Statement:

Describe the political, economic, and social roots of imperialism

expansion.

Describe how imperialism involved land acquisition, extraction of raw

materials, spread of Western values, and maintenance of political control.

Describe how the consequences of imperialism were viewed differently by

the colonizers and the colonized.

The Age of Imperialism Section 1Vocabulary 11-1

• Imperialism: practice of extending a nation’s power by gaining

territories for a colonial empire. Page 344: process of one

people ruling or controlling another. BULLYING

• British East India Company: a joint-stock company granted a

royal charter by Elizabeth I for purpose of controlling India.

• Sepoy Mutiny: rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against

the British in India. Leads to British government ruling India.

• Raj: British rule of India from 1757 until 1947

• Indian National Congress: major political party in India;

founded in 1885 to press for greater rights for Indians under

British rule.

• Muslim League: political group founded in 1906 to protect the

rights of Indian Muslims.


• Europeans had built trading posts along Asian, African coasts,

but held little territory farther inland

• Two factors that made possible:

1. new technologies (Industrial Revolution)

2. weakening of great empires of Asia, Africa

Expanding Power 2)

• By 1700, Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal ruled vast

territories in the Americas

• Europeans had less success ruling territory in Asia, Africa

• Crash Course: Asia and Africa resistant to disease and could

match weaponry.

Imperialism 1)

Setting the Stage



Weakening Empire in Africa and Asia 4)

• India’s Mughal Empire took deep decline after 1707

• Ottoman Empire lost strength in North African

• China’s Qing dynasty faced rebellions;

• By the late 1700’s, European armies faced limited resistance as

they claimed new territories.

New Technologies 3)

• Advances in technology gave Europeans huge military

advantage

• Steam-powered gunboats, Repeating rifles, machine guns,

exploding shells. Maxim Machine gun

• Asian, African weapon makers could not match technologies


Early British imperialism in India was carried out by the British East

India Trading Company. It soon became embroiled in Indian politics.

• East India Company activity

limited to coastal trading

cities while Mughal Empire

strong

• Mid-1700s, when empire

broke apart into small states,

East India Company leaders

saw chance to take over

Indian lands

The British Take Control

• Manipulated rulers of states,

suggested each needed British

support to keep throne

• Played rulers against each

other, kept India in chaos

• Company’s army took over

much of India, claiming it had

to restore order

Kept India in Chaos

4.British East India Company


• 1857, strained relations exploded into rebellion, the Sepoy Mutiny

• Sepoys were Indian soldiers who fought in British army.

• Crash Course: 2/3rds soldiers in India for Brits were Indian.

• Introduction of new type British rifle set off rebellion

• To load rifle, soldier had to bite off end of ammunition cartridge greased with

pork, beef fat; offended Muslim, Hindu sepoys

• Muslims did not eat pork; Hindus did not eat beef

• Sepoys in Meerut refused to use

cartridges; thought it plot to make

them abandon Hinduism, Islam

• Sepoys punished for protesting

• In response, northern Indian sepoys

rose up against British

• Eventually gained control of Delhi

Protest and Punishment

• Violence of rebellion ferocious

• Both sides committed atrocities

• Sepoys killed British officers, as well

as wives, children

• Captured mutineers strapped to

cannons and shot; villages burned

• Fighting continued two years

Violence and Atrocities

5.The Sepoy Mutiny: Sepoy view vs British view?

The Age of Imperialism Section 15.Results of Mutiny

British ended the rule of East India Company in 1858

as result of mutiny.

• British government ruled India directly

– British moved away from some social regulations

that angered many Indians

– Distrust still continued between British, Indians


• Colony of India —the “jewel in the crown” of the British Empire. Gave Britain

political and financial rewards, national pride . RAW MATERIALS!!

• For Indians, British rule source of frustration and humiliation

• Frustration gave rise to powerful feelings of nationalism

• Era of British rule in

India often called

British Raj, Hindu word

meaning “rule”.

• Result of Sepoy Mutiny

• Administration carried

out by government

agency, Indian Civil

Service (ICS)

7.The Raj

• Though ruling India,

most ICS officials

British

• ICS employed very few

Indians

• Many educated Indians

frustrated at having no

say in own government

• Crash Course: 1/3rd of

India ruled by Indian

princes. Others ruled

by ICS. 1,000 British

officials rule 300 million

Indians.

ICS 7)

• Many British thought

they were superior

–Segregated

neighborhoods;

exclusive clubs

–Westernized Indians

• Prejudiced, thought

Indians incapable of

governing selves

• WHITE MAN’S

BURDEN

Westernization 7 +9

India as a British Colony 6)


Bengal

• Nationalism turned radical when British announced plans to partition Bengal

• Nationalists thought partition attempt to break up Bengal’s Hindu population

Unintended Consequences

• British convinced to make concessions to Indian people

• 1906 Muslim League formed to protect interests of Indian Muslims

• (1885) Indian National Congress formed.

• Indian National Congress and Muslim League led in fight for independence later.

Radicals 8)

• Radicals in Congress called for boycott of British goods

• Swadeshi- lasted three years

• Participants vowed to wear only Indian-made garments, burned British cloth

• Some militants attacked British officials, were punished

India as a British Colony

The Age of Imperialism Section 19) Summarize the

effects of British

rule on India in

each category

below

Look at questions

#1-8 and organize

in boxes below

Read through your

notes and place

info in each box

a) Politics/land

acquisition

b)Economics c) Society


• British East India Company

activity limited to coastal

trading cities while Mughal

Empire strong

• Mid-1700s, when empire

broke apart into small states,

East India Company leaders

saw chance to take over

Indian lands

The British Take Control

• Manipulated rulers of states,

suggested each needed

British support to keep

throne

• Played rulers against each

other, kept India in chaos

• Company’s army took over

much of India, claiming it

had to restore order

#4 again Kept India in Chaos

British East India Company 9) politics; land acquisition


• Indian elites and middle classes lacked opportunities

• (ICS): Indians had little power to influence decisions at

higher levels of government

• New reform idea first

expressed by reformer Ram

Mohun Roy, 1820s

• Felt British violating Indian’s

rights, including free speech,

religion

Nationalist Movement

The Rise of Indian Nationalism 9) politics

• 1885, Indian National

Congress, first nationalist

group, founded by English-

speaking Indians

• Muslim League formed 1906

Activating Movement


Raj Building Projects

• During Raj, British built railroads, roads, canals in India

• By 1910, India had fourth-largest railroad network in world

• British invested in transportation to move troops; help sell British products

Raj Impact

• British manufactured goods devastated India’s pre-existing textile industry

• Had been major exporter; British closed factories to prevent competition

• Mid-1800s, India primarily exported raw materials, not manufactured goods

Raj Commerce 9) economics; extraction of raw materials

• India important market for British manufactured goods

• Also source of raw materials like cotton, tea, indigo, jute

• Taxes from Indian landowners paid for administration of India, Indian army

Not in #1-8 9. Economics: **Extra Notes**

Radicals 7)

• Radicals in Congress called for boycott of British goods

• Swadeshi- lasted three years


Making Changes

• East India Company made

changes to Indian society

• Introduced new education

system, English language

Destroying Society

• British also invited Christian missionaries to spread beliefs

• British wanted to eliminate Hinduism completely

Banning Customs

• Introduced British laws

banning certain customs, like

sati

• Practice of Hindu widows

throwing selves on

husbands’ funeral fires

Not in # 1-8 9) Society: **Extra Notes**


• 1857, strained relations exploded into rebellion, the Sepoy Mutiny

• Cause of Mutiny

• To load rifle, soldier had to bite off end of ammunition cartridge

greased with pork, beef fat; offended Muslim, Hindu sepoys

• Muslims did not eat pork; Hindus did not eat beef

• Sepoys in Meerut refused to use

cartridges; thought it plot to make them

abandon Hinduism, Islam

• Sepoys punished for protesting

• In response, northern Indian sepoys rose

up against British

• Eventually gained control of Delhi

Protest and Punishment

• Violence of rebellion ferocious

• Both sides committed atrocities

• Sepoys killed British officers, as well as

wives, children

• Captured mutineers strapped to cannons

and shot; villages burned

• Fighting continued two years

Violence and Atrocities

The Sepoy Mutiny 9) society

The Age of Imperialism Section 1Results of Mutiny 9) society

• British ended the rule of East India Company in 1858

• British government ruled India directly Raj

– British moved away from some social regulations that

angered many Indians

– Distrust still continued between British, Indians

– Indian Civil Service (ICS) carried out rules

• Few Indians involved in gov’t


The Age of Imperialism Section 1PAGE: 344


Making Changes

• East India Company made

changes to Indian society

• Introduced new education

system, English language

Destroying Society

• British also invited Christian

missionaries to spread beliefs

• Some began to believe British

trying to destroy their society

Banning Customs

• Introduced British laws banning

certain customs, like sati

• Practice of Hindu widows

throwing selves on husbands’

funeral fires

Straining Relations

• Thought British wanted to

eliminate Indian customs,

Hinduism completely

• Relations between Indians,

British increasingly strained

4.Changes in India

Documents

The Age of Imperialism Section 1 - Geneva High School 11-1 powerpoint6.pdf · 2018-02-01 · The Age of Imperialism Section 1 •1857, strained relations exploded into rebellion,