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The Allies :. After Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese the US entered the war FDR & Churchill meet, decide on a two front war They target North Africa & The Mediterranean. North Africa. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Allies :
After Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese the US entered the war
FDR & Churchill meet, decide on a two front war
They target North Africa & The Mediterranean
North Africa After Rommel took the port city of Tobruk
the British sent General Bernard Montgomery to fight, he was succesful
Rommel retreated west At the same time General Dwight D
Eisenhower landed in Morocco to trap Rommel
The German Africa Corps was smashed
The Battle of Stalingrad
August 1942- Germans Bomb Stalingrad
Hitler wanted the oil from the Caucasus Mts.
Feb 1943 only 90,000 of 330,000 Germans were left
The city was 99% destroyed
Invasion of Italy
July 1943- Allies land in Sicily Enter Rome June 1944 Found Mussolini dressed as a German
soldier, He was shot and hanged the next day
in Milan
D- Day Invasion Code named Operation OVERLORD The greatest land & sea attack in history June 6, 1944 (Saving Private Ryan) 3000 died on that day Paratroopers & Amphibious landing 1 million troops landed after they took the Beach Allies began moving eastward: Liberated Paris
by August. Advanced across France; Belgium & Luxemburg by September
Germany’s last push THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE Dec 1944 Germans broke through a
weak area in the 85 mile wide US front
The 101st Airborne (Band of Brothers) held the Germans
General Patton & his 3rd Corps marched non stop to deal the final blow
Race for Berlin
3 million Allies from the west 6 million soviets from the east race to
Berlin (Berlin wall falls in 1989.) Hitler Kills himself May 8th 1945 Surrender V-E Day Victory in Europe Fighting still going on in Japan!
The Holocaust
Genocide: An effort to murder an entire people or nationality
Blamed Jewish People for all of Germany’s problems
Holocaust: The attempted genocide of the Jews during WWII
The “Final Solution”: what Hitler and Nazi leaders decided to call the murdering of the Jewish people
The Holocaust At First, Jews were machine gunned next to the
trenches they dug themselves, or gassed in trucks. Concentration Camps: Jews from Nazi controlled
countries were sent in cramped railroad cattle cars to the camps. When they arrived, most were killed. Some were spared to do the work of running the camps. Half starved and subjected to inhumane conditions.
About 6 million Jews (2/3 of those living in Europe) were killed during the Holocaust.
6 million gypsies, Slavs, political prisoners, elderly, mentally disabled, and others also died in the Concentration Camps.
The War in Asia and The Pacific
Geography played a critical role in the Pacific campaign
After Pearl Harbor: the Japanese achieved Quick victories in: Malaya Hong Kong The Philippines Burma Western Pacific Islands Indonesia Singapore Hong Kong
Bataan Death March (1942)
Philippines attacked Dec. 7, 1941 Month Later: U.S. & Filipino forces
surrender to Japan Prisoners forced to march 60 miles
through jungle. Prisoners faced starvation, disease,
exposure to the sun, and no water. 5,000 Americans died along on the
way.
Bataan Death March
War Turns Against Japan (1943)
U.S. regained naval superiority in Pacific Island Hopping – Liberating Pacific
Islands from Japanese control, one at a time
Navajo Code Talkers
Played Key role in Pacific Campaign U.S. military needed an undecipherable
code to communicate that could not be broken by the Japanese
Navajo language is unwritten and extremely complex
American forces could transmit messages by telephone and radio in a “code” that the Japanese could not break
Navajo Code Talkers
Battle of Midway
Turning Point of the war in the Pacific The Japanese Pacific fleet commander
had devised a plan to lure the U.S. Pacific fleet into a battle near Midway (tiny mid-Pacific island), where he believed he could destroy them
U.S. Navy could decipher Japanese secret codes and knew that a surprise attack by the Japanese fleet was at hand.
Battle of Midway
Battle of Midway Admiral Chester Nimitz was appointed
Commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet just after Pearl Harbor.
Commanded forces at the Battle of Midway. U.S. Army in the Pacific was commanded by
General Douglas MacArthur. U.S. destroyed 4 of Japan’s aircraft carriers,
ending Japan’s superior strength in the Pacific Battle Halted Japanese advance in the Pacific
Ending Japanese Control of Pacific Reinforcements arriving: Took Solomon Islands Drained Japanese resources Americans retook Philippines and Guam June 1945: Americans had captured Iwo Jima & Okinawa Close enough to launch attacks on main island Like earlier invasions of Europe on D-Day: Okinawa was a
massive amphibious operation General George Marshall – organizer of victory
Worked closely with FDR to urge military preparedness Helped Oversee the creation of the first Atomic Bomb
Atomic Bomb Famous scientist Albert Einstein sent a letter to FDR
(1939) (1942) FDR sends team of scientists (many
European refugees) to New Mexico to develop and test A-Bomb
First success was July 1945 By then Germany had been defeated & America was
preparing to invade Japan FDR gets re-elected for a FOURTH term in 1944- dies
of a heart attack suddenly in 1945- Just before German Surrender
Atomic Bomb President Harry Truman: Feared invasion of Japan might lead to
a million American casualties Truman preferred to use the Atomic Bomb Selected centers of Japanese military production as targets August 6: Atomic Bomb explodes over Japanese City Hiroshima Three days later: The second bomb explodes over Nagasaki About 230,000 people were killed in the explosions Critics: could have exploded bombs over unoccupied islands in
the Pacific to demonstrate. Japan surrenders shortly after the second explosion
Atomic Bomb
Legacy of WWII U.S. Soldiers killed in battle: 292,000 U.S. Troops Wounded: 672,000 Estimated Number of Deaths Worldwide: > 70 Mil Killed/Missing from Japanese Bombings: 230,000 Over 100 Million military personnel fought in the
war, making it the largest war in history The majority of people killed were civilians,
making this the deadliest conflict in history
Nuremberg Trials With the full extent of the Nazi brutality revealed,
the Allies put surviving Nazi leaders on trial for “Crimes Against Humanity”
Trials took place in Nuremberg, Germany They defended themselves saying they had only
been following orders Many found guilty: Hung or Imprisoned Demonstrated that individuals are responsible for
their actions, even in times of war.
Nuremberg Trials
“Denazification” & The Division of Germany
Germany was divided into 4 zones United States Britain France Soviet Union
Occupying powers introduced programs explaining the evils of the Nazi beliefs to the German people
Hitler’s attempts to put his racist doctrines into practical effect also played a large role in discrediting racism, anti-Semitism, Social Darwinism, eugenics, and similar ideas worldwide.
Nazi Germany showed where these ideas could lead This contributed to the later Civil Rights Movement in the
United States.
The Occupation of Japan General MacArthur (Supreme Commander of Allied forces in
the Pacific) was assigned to rebuild and reforming post-war Japan
Changes were made to make Japan less aggressive Japan’s overseas empire was taken away Military leaders were put on trial and punished Japan renounced the use of nuclear weapons Japan renounced the waging of war Japan was forbidden from having a large army or navy
again New constitution went into effect in 1947 – turned Japan
into a democracy