The American Civil WarThe American Civil WarBy: Mr. MacDonaldBy: Mr. MacDonald

April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865 April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865

Union = The NorthUnion = The North

CSA = Confederate States of CSA = Confederate States of AmericaAmerica

Causes of the Civil WarCauses of the Civil War

Slavery: All men are created equalSlavery: All men are created equal Nationalism and honourNationalism and honour State’s rights – Property movementState’s rights – Property movement Free Soil – North demand that west not be bought Free Soil – North demand that west not be bought

by rich slave ownersby rich slave owners Slave Power: North feared the money from the Slave Power: North feared the money from the

rich slave owners would influence the presidencyrich slave owners would influence the presidency Tariff of 1828 – tax on imports. South called it Tariff of 1828 – tax on imports. South called it

the “Tax of Abominations”the “Tax of Abominations” Election of Lincoln: feared he would stop Election of Lincoln: feared he would stop

expansion of slavery expansion of slavery

Comparison of Union and CSAComparison of Union and CSA[145][145]

UnionUnion CSACSA

Total populationTotal population 22,100,000 (71%)22,100,000 (71%) 9,100,000 (29%)9,100,000 (29%)

Free populationFree population 21,700,00021,700,000 5,600,0005,600,000

Slave population, 1860Slave population, 1860 400,000400,000 3,500,0003,500,000

SoldiersSoldiers 2,100,000 (67%)2,100,000 (67%) 1,064,000 (33%)1,064,000 (33%)

Railroad milesRailroad miles 21,788 (71%)21,788 (71%) 8,838 (29%)8,838 (29%)

Manufactured itemsManufactured items 90%90% 10%10%

Firearm productionFirearm production 97%97% 3%3%

Bales of cotton in 1860Bales of cotton in 1860 NegligibleNegligible 4,500,0004,500,000

Bales of cotton in 1864Bales of cotton in 1864 NegligibleNegligible 300,000300,000

Pre-war U.S. exportsPre-war U.S. exports 30%30% 70%70%

Casualties and LossesCasualties and Losses

NorthNorth

110,000 killed in action110,000 killed in action360,000 total dead360,000 total dead275,200 wounded275,200 wounded

CSACSA

93,000 killed in action93,000 killed in action260,000 total dead260,000 total dead137,000+ wounded137,000+ wounded

Some Civil War FactsSome Civil War Facts

First shot fired at Fort Sumter in Charleston

Harbor, South Carolina

620,000 killed-

as much as US losses in world war one and two

Combined.

South Carolina and 10 other states left the United States of America to form the Confederate States of America with Jefferson Davis

as their president.

Keeping the United States together- not allowing the southern states to secede/ separate was the central issue…

although slavery was also important.

The chance of surviving a wound in The chance of surviving a wound in Civil War days was 7 to 1; in the Civil War days was 7 to 1; in the Korean War, 50 to 1. Korean War, 50 to 1.

About 15 percent of the wounded died About 15 percent of the wounded died in the Civil War; about 8 percent in in the Civil War; about 8 percent in World War I; about 4 percent in World War I; about 4 percent in World War II; about 2 percent in the World War II; about 2 percent in the Korean War. Korean War.

There were 6,000,000 cases of disease There were 6,000,000 cases of disease in the Federal armies, which meant in the Federal armies, which meant that, on an average, every man was that, on an average, every man was sick at least twice. sick at least twice.

Sickness accounted for a full one-third Sickness accounted for a full one-third of all casualties in the Civil War. of all casualties in the Civil War.

The diseases most prevalent were The diseases most prevalent were dysentery, typhoid fever, malaria, dysentery, typhoid fever, malaria, pneumonia, arthritis, and the acute pneumonia, arthritis, and the acute diseases of childhood, such as diseases of childhood, such as measles, mumps, and malnutrition. measles, mumps, and malnutrition.

The principal weapon of the war and The principal weapon of the war and the one by which 80 percent of all the one by which 80 percent of all wounds were produced was a single-wounds were produced was a single-shot, muzzle-loading rifle in the shot, muzzle-loading rifle in the hands of foot soldiers. hands of foot soldiers.

The muzzle-loading rifle could be The muzzle-loading rifle could be loaded at the rate of about three loaded at the rate of about three times a minute. Its maximum range times a minute. Its maximum range was about 1000 yards. was about 1000 yards.

Most infantry rifles were equipped with Most infantry rifles were equipped with bayonets, but very few men bayonets, but very few men wounded by bayonet showed up at wounded by bayonet showed up at hospitals. The explanation probably hospitals. The explanation probably lay in the fact that opposing soldiers lay in the fact that opposing soldiers did not often actually come to grips did not often actually come to grips and, when they did, were prone to and, when they did, were prone to use their rifles as clubs. use their rifles as clubs.

Artillery was used extensively, but only Artillery was used extensively, but only about 10 percent of the wounded about 10 percent of the wounded were the victims of artillery fire. were the victims of artillery fire.

Besides the rifle and cannon, weapons Besides the rifle and cannon, weapons consisted of revolvers, swords, hand consisted of revolvers, swords, hand grenades, and land mines. grenades, and land mines.

Many doctors who saw service in the Many doctors who saw service in the Civil War had never been to medical Civil War had never been to medical school, but had served an school, but had served an apprenticeship in the office of an apprenticeship in the office of an established practitioner. established practitioner.

President Lincoln did not believe that President Lincoln did not believe that whites and blacks could live together whites and blacks could live together in peace. He had planned to relocate in peace. He had planned to relocate the entire black population of the the entire black population of the United States to Central America. United States to Central America.

There were more than 10,000 soldiers There were more than 10,000 soldiers serving in the Union Army that were serving in the Union Army that were under the age of 18. under the age of 18.

General Robert E. Lee, commander of General Robert E. Lee, commander of the Confederate forces, traveled with the Confederate forces, traveled with a pet hen that laid one egg under his a pet hen that laid one egg under his cot every morning. cot every morning.

Approximately 130,000 freed slaves Approximately 130,000 freed slaves became Union soldiers during the became Union soldiers during the war. war.

Black soldiers were paid $10 per Black soldiers were paid $10 per month while serving in the Union month while serving in the Union army. This was $3 less than white army. This was $3 less than white soldiers. soldiers.