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11/25/2011
1
It‟s Easy Being Green! Sustainable Design with Wood
Cheryl A. Ciecko ALA AIA, LEED AP, CSI
WoodWorks – Senior Technical Director
The Wood Products Council
WoodWorks is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on
completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-
AIA members are available upon request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed
or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any
material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,
distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and
International Copyright laws. Reproduction,
distribution, display and use of the presentation
without written permission of the speaker is
prohibited.
© WoodWorks 2010
(
Learning Objectives At the end of this program, participants will be able to:
1. Understand the relationship between climate
change, the carbon cycle & wood materials.
2. Evaluate materials through scientific measurement
of ‘green’ through Life Cycle Assessment.
3. Evaluate various green building rating systems &
forestry certifications.
4. Recognize the benefits of using wood materials as
evidenced in a variety of innovative wood project
examples.
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Credit where credit is due…
http://www.asplinteredhistoryofwood.com
Dr. Patrick Moore www.greenspirit.com
An Evil Plot by scientists????
Is the world getting warmer?
The overall trend is rising temperatures.
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Major economic & environmental effects
Insects / Disease / Fire
Photosynthesis SUN
C6 H12 O6
CO2
water
O2
sugar
How Trees “Absorb” Carbon Dioxide
Sandy
McK
ellar
C6 H12
O6
Wood is 50% carbon by
weight
(C6H10O5)n
sugar
What is wood?
Sandy McKellar
Climate Change: Carbon Cycle
California Forest Foundation
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The Carbon Cycle
Environmental benefits
of using wood:
1. Carbon storage
2. Carbon neutral biomass
energy
3. Replaces other fossil fuel
intensive materials.
4. Renewable resource.
Learning Objectives
1. Climate Change, the Carbon Cycle, and the
Wood Industry.
2. Scientific Measurement of „GREEN‟
Through Life Cycle Assessment.
3. Green Building Rating Systems, Wood
Specification & Forestry.
4. The Benefits of Using Wood.
Green design choices are complex
It ain‟t what you don‟t know that gets you into
trouble. It‟s what you know that just ain‟t so. Mark Twain/ Will Rogers
Product Use
or
consumption
Life Cycle Assessment – Cradle to Grave
Raw
Materials
Acquisition
Materials
Manufacture
Product
Manufacture
Final
deposition;
incineration;
landfill;
recycle or
reuse
Wa
ste
ou
t
Em
issio
ns o
ut E
ne
rgy In
Em
issio
ns o
ut E
ne
rgy In
Em
issio
ns o
ut E
ne
rgy In
Em
issio
ns o
ut E
ne
rgy In
Em
issio
ns o
ut E
ne
rgy In
W
aste
ou
t
Wa
ste
ou
t
Wa
ste
ou
t
Wa
ste
ou
t
Reuse & Recycle
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LCA: Measures Environmental Impacts
Resource
depletion
Acid rain
damage
Water pollution
Climate
change
Air pollution
Life Cycle Assessment Tools
http://www.athenasmi.
ca/index.html
http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/
oae/software/bees/
Material
Net Carbon Emissions (kg C/metric ton)
Net Carbon Emissions
Including Carbon Storage Within Material
(kg C/metric ton) 3/
Framing lumber 50 -457
Medium density fiberboard
(virgin fiber)
100 -382
Brick 80 80
Glass 150 150
Recycled steel (100% from
scrap)
210 210
Concrete 240 240
Concrete block 264 264
Recycled aluminum (100%
recycled content)
300 300
Steel (virgin) 660 660
Plastic 580 237
Aluminum (virgin) 4,260 4,260
1/ Values are based on life cycle assessment and include gathering and processing
of raw materials, primary and secondary processing, and transportation. 2/ Source: USEPA (2006). 3/ A carbon content of 49% is assumed for wood.
Net Carbon Emissions
Material
Net Carbon Emissions (kg C/metric ton)
Net Carbon Emissions
Including Carbon Storage Within Material
(kg C/metric ton) 3/
Framing lumber 50 -457
Medium density fiberboard
(virgin fiber)
100 -382
Brick 80 80
Glass 150 150
Recycled steel (100% from
scrap)
210 210
Concrete 240 240
Concrete block 264 264
Recycled aluminum (100%
recycled content)
300 300
Steel (virgin) 660 660
Plastic 580 237
Aluminum (virgin) 4,260 4,260
A Closer Look at Recycled Steel
Content…
Does it really mean a lower environmental impact?
www.corrim.org (Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Mtls)
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LCA: Wood Performs BETTER!
www.corrim.org (Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Mtls)
Life Cycle Assessment - Steel
http://www.steel.org
Life Cycle Assessment - Concrete
http://www.cement.org/basics/howmade.asps
Life Cycle Assessment-Wood
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Fulton County
Stadium, Atlanta,
Georgia,
1965-1997
Wood = Long Life Span?
Horyuji Temple, Ikaruga,
Nara, Japan 607-711
12th Century, 1374, 1603
Learning Objectives
1. Climate Change, the Carbon Cycle, and
the Wood Industry.
2. Scientific Measurement of „GREEN‟
Through Life Cycle Assessment.
3. Green Building Rating Systems, Wood
Specification & Forestry.
4. The Benefits of Using Wood.
Choices in Rating Systems
Considers LCA
Considers LCA
Considers LCA
Considers LCA
70+ Rating Systems
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BRE Environmental Assessment Method
www.breeam.org
Internationally…
110,000+ Projects Certified
500,000+ Projects Registered
1990 UK
Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method
Wood for the London Olympics 2012
Sunderland
Pool
At the base, each
glulam beam is
flitched to a massive
steel plate
connector.
Red Box Architecture
Span = 164 ft. (50 meters)
1994 Olympics - Lillehammer
Hamar OL-Amfi
Olympic Ice Venue
Hakons Hall Hakons Hall
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History Lessons Nine Story Wood Building in UK
Architect: WaughThistleton Architects – London, England
Carbon storage = 210 years of 10% reduction in CO2
Saved 23 weeks…
Murray Grove, London, UK
4x less weight than precast
concrete
~1/2 the construction time
of precast concrete
Saves 300 metric tons of
CO2
9 stories built in 9 weeks
How does CLT work?
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LEED: 2000 (USA)
LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY &
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
4,328 Projects Certified (Jan. 2010)
25,000+ Projects Registered
Lord, Aeck & Sargent
Architects, NC
Blue Ridge Destination Center
LEED Gold
1st Sustainable Animal Shelter
Canada Winnipeg Humane Society
Number Ten Architectural Group
LEED Gold
GREEN GLOBES: 2004
900 Projects Certified
3000+ Projects in progress
Free 30 day trial
www.thegbi.org
www.greenglobes.com
ANSI Certified Standard
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Green Globes Users
Summit County MRF (Breckenridge, CO)
Blakely Hall (Issaquah, WA)
Pfizer Clinical Research Unit (New Haven, CT)
RenewAire, LLC (Madison, WI)
Alberici Headquarters (St. Louis, MO)
WEEBF Office Building (Madison, WI)
Home Savings Bank (Madison, WI)
Clinton Library (Little Rock, AR)
Katherine K. Hanley Family Shelter (Fairfax, VA)
ADEQ Headquarters (Little Rock, AR)
NewPage Corporate Headquarters (Dayton, OH)
Wisconsin Fertility Institute (Madison, WI)
Chandler Airport Commerce Center (Chandler, AZ)
Point at Morristown (Morristown, NJ)
Bristol-Myers Squibb Wallingford Facility (CIEB - Wallingford, CT)
Victory Square Center (Hermiston, OR)
Bethke Elementary School (Tinmath, CO)
Rating Achievements
35-54%
55-69%
70-84%
+85%
50-60%
61-70%
71-80%
81+%
Certified
Silver
Gold
Platinum
LEED & GREEN GLOBES
Common set of design elements Areas of Performance
LEED Green Globes
Sustainable Site Development Site
Water Savings Water
Energy Efficiency Energy
Materials Selection Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Environment
Emissions
Project Management
.
State of Illinois:
On August 24, 2009, Illinois Governor Quinn signed SB 1601, enacting
Public Act 96-0630.The act, to take effect in January 2010, addresses several
components of building design to improve sustainability through renovation projects.
LEED and Green Globes certification costs have been added as valid
“Redevelopment Project Costs” that can be funded by the Illinois Tax Increment
Fund.
On July 24, 2009, Governor Quinn signed into law HB 1013, requiring all
new state-funded building construction and major renovation of existing state-owned
facilities to seek LEED or equivalent certification. New buildings and major
renovations of 10,000 sq ft or more must achieve at minimum LEED Silver or
equivalent certification. New buildings and major renovations under 10,000 sq ft must
strive to meet the highest standard of the LEED rating system or
equivalent but are not required to achieve certification.
http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1852
Illinois law - LEED & GREEN GLOBES
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National Green Building Standard
ANSI ICC 700-2008
National Green Building Standard™
www.nahbgreen.org
www.energystar.gov/
ANSI Certified Standard
Passive House (Passivhaus)
Developed in Germany-1990
• achieve sufficient indoor air
quality conditions – without
the need for additional
recirculation of air.”
http://www.passivehouse-international.org/
Passive House (Passivhaus) Living Building Challenge
Beyond LEED Platinum –
Generate own energy,
process own wastes,
operate completely pollution
and carbon neutral.
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International Green
Construction Code
IGCC - Scope and Intent
Consistent & coordinated with the ICC family of Codes & Standards
Applicable to:
New & existing buildings
All buildings other than IRC Buildings (one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses 3 stories or less with independent means of egress)
Enforced by building officials
Drive green building into everyday practice
IGCC - NOT a rating system…
The IGCC is not a rating system
The IGCC is code -intended to be adopted on mandatory basis.
IGCC primarily consists of minimum mandatory requirements
Apply to both private sector and government owned buildings on a mandatory basis
Most GB codes,
standards and
ratings systems do
not yet produce
truly sustainable
buildings. But they
are all pushing, pulling
and leapfrogging each
other as they all move
gradually toward this
goal.
85
IGCC and other GB Programs
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Global Sustainable Forestry
Programme for the
Endorsement of Forest
Certification Schemes
Global Umbrella organization
supported by 149 governments,
covering 85% of the world‟s forest
area
Forest Stewardship
Council
Addresses social issues w/
international reach into countries
where no legal and institutional
framework for social rights and
values
Globally Recognized Forest Certification
Canadian
Standards
Association
• Public land
• Rigorous public
participation process
Sustainable
Forestry
Initiative
• Private land
• Public land
•www.sfiprogram.org
American Tree
Farm System
• Affordable certification
for family & small forest
landowners
Sustainable Forest Management Systems
Biological diversity
Wildlife habitats / species
diversity
Special sites/values
Soil & water resources
Sustainable harvests
Prevent illegal or unauthorized
sources
Protect from deforestation and
conversion
Aboriginal rights and/or
involvement
Independent audit required
Audit of forest planning and
practices
Public disclosure required
Chain of custody and label option
Similarities
Inclusive vs. Exclusive
Commercial Green Building
Rating Systems
GREEN GLOBES
FSC PEFC
ATF
CSA
SFI
LEED
FSC FSC
BREEAM
FSC PEFC
SFI
ATF
CSA
USGBC is the ONLY certifier in the WORLD that does not accept PEFC
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Acres of Sustainably Managed Forest
0
50
100
150
200
250
CSA SFI FSC ATFS
He
cta
res
Forests in North America
Source: Sustainable Forestry Initiative, October 2007 Note: Standards endorsed by PEFC include those in Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States (SFI and ATFS).
103 (global ha
certified to FSC)
210 (global ha
certified to PEFC)
PEFC
North
America
(66%)
FSC
North
America
(35%)
World-Wide Sustainable Forestry
Specify Certified Wood Products
How can we best ensure
forest sustainability?
Increase in
DEMAND
Increase in
SUPPLY
Forest Land Ownership Private = 57%
Public = 43%
Forest Land is Growing
http://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_wo78.pdf
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Three common concerns about wood:
Dispelling Myths about Wood & Forestry
1. Does specifying wood products
encourage clearcutting?
2. Does specifying wood products
contribute to deforestation?
3. Is wood is a renewable
resource?
Forestry Practices - Clearcutting
Clearcutting Deforestation
Scientific practice to help
accelerate forest regeneration.
Natural Events Tropics
Deforestation
NOT caused by
Logging.
Agriculture &
Cattle Ranching
Cattle Ranching
65-70-%
Agriculture
Logging
2-3%
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Using North American wood products does
NOT contribute to deforestation.
Deforestation = Clearing & CONVERSION
.
http://www.planetfriendlycanada.com/resources/facts.aspx
http://www.fpac.ca/en/sustainability/forest/tenFacts.php
Tropical forests eliminated for political & social reasons.
U.S. = more trees today than 75 years ago.
Canada manages only 25% of forest for commercial use.
Of those Canadian forests, only 0.5% are harvested annually.
Learning Objectives
1. Climate Change, the Carbon Cycle, and the
Wood Industry.
2. Scientific Measurement of „GREEN‟ through
Life Cycle Assessment.
3. Green Building Rating Systems, Wood
Specification & Forestry.
4. The Benefits of Using Wood.
State of the Industry
Construction Materials Price Index Change in producer prices. December 2004 = 100
Source: U.S. Dept of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics – Chart by FPInnovations
5 years of car emissions…
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html
Sequestered in a typical 2,400 s.f. home.
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Wood is a GREEN Material!
Manufacturing wood is
energy efficient.
It takes 5 x more energy
for cement,
14 x more for glass and
24 x more for steel.
New Construction:
• Specify
Recycling
Wood can be RECYCLED
Demolition:
• Utilize Deconstruction
• Use urban tree refuse
“Wood From the Hood”
Woodfromthehood.com
Wood Industry helps REDUCE 3 „R‟s of Green
Wood adds #4R - RENEWABLE
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The Uses for Wood are Endless
Sentinal Structures Gilroy High School, CA
Credit Valley Hospital Beaverton Library, OR
Prairie Island, MN Brentwood Station, BC Bellevue Transit Station
Bridges - Norway
Credit Valley Hospital
Fire Halls
Schools
Libraries
Aquatic Facilities
Chase Lake Elementary – Edmonds, WA Albert Lea High School, MN Case Study: APA Lit. #B115
Architect/Eng.: DLR Group,
Minneapolis, MN
Size: 270,000sf built in 2000
Cost: $27 million
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Blackfeet Community College - MT
Glulam for innovative designs
Univ. of British Columbia – Michael Smith Building
Beaverton Library, Oregon
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Gunter Primary School
Type VB
construction
COMPLETED 2007
60,000 SF
$100 / SF
El Dorado High Schools – $43 million
320,000sf
Converted 40% to wood saving 2.9 mil.
Centers for the Arts/ Institutional Recreational Facilities
Prairie Island, MN
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Photos courtesy of
Structurlam
Surrey Family
YMCA
Banff Recreational Center
Industrial
Richmond Olympic Oval Richmond Olympic Oval
Cannon Design & Structure Craft - Vancouver
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Wood Works in Transportation Structures
Bellevue Transit Center - 2002
Bellevue, Washington
Arai Jackson Ellison Murakami
Architects
Brentwood Skytrain Station,
Vancouver, BC
Busby Perkins +Will
Architects
Fast + Epp
Engineer
Stewart
Engineering, Inc.
ARUP
Engineering
Nick Merrick © Hedrich Blessing
Fentress Architects
Denver, CO
Raleigh Durham International Airport
Photos: Tom Davenport
Herrington Recovery Center – Oconomowoc, WI
Design + Construction 2010
Citation from the Wisconsin Green Building
Owner: Rogers Memorial Hospital
Arch: TWP Architecture
S.E.: Puiara Wirth Torke, Inc.
G.C.: VJS Construction Srv.
2010 Green
Building Award 3555 Hayden
Culver City, CA
Eric Owen Moss Architects
San Diego, CA
2009 CA Commercial Design Award Winner
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Architectural Alliance - Minneapolis, MN
Commercial Wood Design Award 2009
Photos by SEH Inc.
St Cloud Regional Airport - St Cloud, MN Frank Gehry‟s Art Gallery of Ontario
Arquitectura, Inc. Milwaukee, WI
Photos by Arquitectura
Layton Petro Mart– Greenfield, WI Branson Convention Center - MO
Architect: TVSdesign S.E.: Walter P. Moore
Glulam: TimberWeld Manufacturing
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The Cathedral of Christ the Light
•110 feet tall
•Designed for a 1000 yr.
earthquake event
•Designed for building life
of 300 years
Senior Living / Assisted Living
The Village at Germantown
Germantown, TN
APA Lit. #G110
Architect: FreemanWhite, Inc.
Thomas Place
Glenview, IL
Larry Basil, Architect
Photo: Don Fore, ALA
Mixed Use & Retail
Retail on Lower Level (concrete) –
3-5 Stories of Retail and Living Units Above
Wood is the ONLY material to:
•Provide assurance of environmental
responsibility regarding production.
Environmental Attributes of Wood
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Coal Mining
www.cement.org
www.steel.org
Certify Extraction?
Steel
Concrete
www.cement.org
Steel
Concrete
RENEWABLE!
www.cement.org
Steel
Concrete
RENEWABLE!
Standing Dead Wood
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90 ft. tall, 300 ft. wide, and 1,000 ft. long. It was built from 2 million
board feet of Douglas Fir.
The clear span is 5.6 acres. The roof flat out would cover 11 acres.
WORLD‟S BIGGEST WOOD STRUCTURE ???
THANK YOU!!!
www.woodworks.org
How can you help us
continue to offer and
improve these programs???
Questions?
Cheryl Ciecko, AIA ALA,
LEED AP Technical Director
La Grange, IL
Fire!
American Wood council: www.awc.org
American Wood Protection Association: www.awpa.com
US Forest Products Lab: www.fpl.fs.fed.us/
Forest Products Society: www.forestprod.org
Southern Pine Council: www.southernpine.com/
Western Wood Preservers Inst.: www.wwpinstitute.org
WoodWorks (US): www.woodworks.org
Western Wood Products Assoc.: www.wwpa.org
Engineered Wood Assoc.: www.apawood.org
Build Better Homes/APA: www.buildingbetterhomes.com
Wood-Works! (Canada) : www.cwc.ca
California Energy Commission: www.iee-sf.com
Building Science: www.buildingscience.com
Structural Bldg Compnts Assoc.: www.sbcindustry.com
Energy E B A/ Window Flashing: www.eeba.org
Air Barrier Association of America: www.airbarrier.org
Sewer History: www.sewerhistory.com
Additional Resources
