Upload
pembroke
View
61
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The base of Turkish Republic is culture! Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK/Founder of Turkish Republic. WATER STRUCTURES FROM HELLENISTIC, ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS IN TÜRKİYE . Prof. Dr. N. Orhan BAYKAN Pamukkale University, Engineering Faculty, Dept. of CE, Kınıklı-Denizli, TÜRKİYE . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The base of Turkish Republic is culture!Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK/Founder of Turkish Republic
Prof. Dr. N. Orhan BAYKAN Pamukkale University, Engineering Faculty,
Dept. of CE, Kınıklı-Denizli, TÜRKİYE
WATER STRUCTURES FROM HELLENISTIC, ROMAN
AND BYZANTINE PERIODS IN TÜRKİYE
SOME ANCIENT CITIES IN TÜRKİYE (Öziş 2007) SOME ANCIENT CITIES IN TÜRKİYE (Öziş 2007)
This presentation scopes Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods only
330 BC, Hellenistic period; 27 BC, Roman Empire Period; Dividing of Roma in 395,
Eastern Roma and after a certain period, in 575, Early Byzantine; in 867, Middle Byzantine and
after 1025 Late Byzantine Periods up the conquest of Istanbul (Constantinople) by Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Conquerer Sultan Mehmet) in 1453. ALSO BETWEEN 330 BC-1453 (1,8 MILLENIA)
HELLENISTIC ERA (Western Türkiye)
ROMAN EMPIRE
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Ancient Civilisations Ancient Civilisations
If we look at what they hydraulically realized, we call them also:
THEY HAVE BEEN AT THE SAME TIME HYDRAULIC CIVILISATIONS TOO.
Various kinds of water structures of Various kinds of water structures of ancient world among them: ancient world among them:
Capturing; conveying; lifting; distributing;
discharing; gaining place and hygienically
making secure the city by covering the creeks;
prevent the harbors by diversion the creeks;
improving and rehabilitating of shores
may be counted.
Among the benefits by studying of ancient Among the benefits by studying of ancient water structures may be dominantly counted water structures may be dominantly counted as follows: as follows:
Support to archeologists
Sustainable protection of remains
Evaluating clues for better design, proper
selection of materials, earthquake ressisted
shape of building and…
And…And…INNOVATIVE STUDIES INNOVATIVE STUDIES CLIMATE CHANGE
To obtain information/clues about paleolitic
climate change along the near history (to collect
sediment samples from ancient water structures),
thus to understand “what happened in the past?,
climatologically and/or socially”
(and also what may happen in future?)
CALIBRATION OF EXISTING AND/OR DEVELOPING NEW METHODS
To calibrate modern hydrological methods by
applying them to ancient structures (e.g., to
galleries or tunnels) and/or to develope new
methods by examining the existing one’s on
the ancient remains.
For instance, Ancient Tunnel “Bezirgan” near to Patara ancient city/Antalya
120 ha
ANCIENTANCIENT TUNNELTUNNEL
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF ANCIENT WATER
RESOURCES ENGINEERING STUDIES
IN TÜRKİYE DURING THE PASSED
30 YEARS
The most ancient remains in Türkiye
which we for the time being follow up
are mostly from 100-300 AD and from
Roman Empire.
22 ancient regions in Türkiye22 ancient regions in Türkiye (Umar 1999).
Presently known and/or in literature cited Presently known and/or in literature cited ancient cities in Türkiye (420) ancient cities in Türkiye (420) ((Umar 1999)
36
79 41
10
7
11
69
51
27
34
53
2
Deeply and/or most roughly investigated cities Deeply and/or most roughly investigated cities in these 22 Ancient Regions in Türkiye are 112. in these 22 Ancient Regions in Türkiye are 112.
9
39
367
110
10
INTERIM CONCLUSION If the maps above considered, it is seen that
Atmost 1/3 (=112/420=%27) of the water
structures of the ancients cities that for the
time being their traces are visible
had to be abled to study during the last 30 years.
VERIOUS EXAMPLES OF THE HELLENISTIC, ROMAN EMPIRE AND
BYZANTINE PERIODS UP TO THE CONQUEST OF
ISTANBUL (CONSTANTINOPLE)
330 BC- 1453 AD
Bergama, İzmir/TR; lead pipe with stone connection, Hellenistic Period
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
HELLENISTIC PERIOD, SMYRNA (İzmir), STONE PIPES OF “MELEZ” SIPHONAGE;
3,3 km long under 155 m water head.
Vize, İstanbul/TR; The longest Roman waterway (242 km)
Aydın/TR; Taşkemer (stone-arch) (Tralles)
Gelemiş, Kalkan, Antalya/TR; reverse siphon (Patara), Hellenistic-Roman
Shild for wrongly described “Lykian Way”(Waterway)
Aksu, Antalya/TR; aqueduct (Aspendos)
İstanbul/TR; Bozdoğan (Valens) aqueduct
Oymapınar, Manavgat, AlanyaTR; stone caved canal (Side), Roman
Ferhat’s canal in Amasya/TR (ancient name Amasia)
Ferhat’s Canal
Araphisar, Çine, Aydın/TR; spring capture structure (Alabanda)
Aksu, Antalya/TR, mountain gallery for water (Perge), Roman
Pamukkale Denizli/TR; water balance structure (Laodiceia), 3th BC
Pamukkale, Denizli/TR; water supply gallery (Hierapolis)
Pamukkale, Denizli/TR; city reservoir (Hierapolis)
Frontal view
Internal view
Söke, Aydın/TR; baked clay pipes (Priene)
Söke, Aydın/TR; corner fountain (Priene, animation)
Eskihisar, Denizli; Nympheum (Laodiceia, animation)
Aphrodisias Geyre, Karacasu, Aydın/TR,
Public bath
Operation principle
Inside of a latrine house
LATRINE
MAGNESIA, LATRINE, (4MAGNESIA, LATRINE, (4thth-6-6thth Centuries AD) Centuries AD)
Before
After
Computer Animation
Hierapolis (Pamukkale), Denizli/TR; sewerage system (aerial view)
Manhole & Cover
Eskihisar, DenizliTR; corner water distribution element (Laodiceia)
Hisarköy, Babadağ/Denizli/TR; sewerage/rainwater cover (Attouda)
Çavdarhisar, Kütahya/TR; Flood Mitigation Structure (Aizanoi)
Qanat
Entering to Qanat
Aerial view Inside of Qanat
Çevlik, Samandağ, Antakya/TR; creek diversion (Seleucia Pierra)
Bergama/İzmir/TR; creek covering
Datça/Muğla/TR; quay structure (Knidos)
PATARA LIGHTHOUSE, Gelemiş, Kalkan, Kaş/Antalya/TR (The unique example of ancient world)
Cistern “Binbirdirek”, (234 columns, 56*64 m)
“Aspar (Çukurbostan)”, open cistern, 152*152 m
CONCLUSION SHAPING THE FUTURE CONCLUSION SHAPING THE FUTURE
Professional deep investigations and protecting studies;
Marking water supply and sewerage system to city plan, if any;
Touristical trekking activities; Evaluating the climate change; New horizons to hydrological methods.
WISH & WISH & THANKSAYING!!THANKSAYING!!!! THANK YOU ALSO
VERY MUCH FOR THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ME TO INVITE for PRESENTATION SUCH A CULTURAL TOPIC TO 5th WWF!
HOPING THAT THE HUMANITY WILL PREVENT, PROTECT, CONSERVE AND FIRST OF ALL CONCERN THESE ANCIENT REMAINS TO HANDOVER TO THE NEXT GENERATION !
THANK YOU THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR VERY MUCH FOR YOUR
ATTENTION AND ATTENTION AND PATIENCE !PATIENCE !
(Life is in the water)(Life is in the water)
N. Orhan BAYKAN, Pamukkale University, Denizli/TÜRKİYE 5th WORLD WATER FORUM, İstanbul/TÜRKİYE, March 16th-22nd, 2009