The Beginning of Man

Pangaea

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPjFw3269P8

Pangaea Breaks Apart

• The first inhabitants travel to the Americas

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmbU7mQIc-c • Early Nomads are

hunters and gathers– They travel following their

food source

Before Columbus

• Nomads begin to settle and grow crops and develop cities

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FItlStGMY4 (America Before Columbus)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QigcivaDYg(Did Columbus Discover America?)

Europe• Middle Ages – 500 to 1500 A.D. – widespread

starvation, poverty, disease and warfare in Europe• The Renaissance – the rebirth of education, art,

and literature• Christianity becomes main religion of Europe• Crusades – brought Europe into contact with Asia,

Europeans gained desire for Asian goods• Marco Polo traveled from Italy to China in 1274;

wrote book about adventures; made people want to travel

• New technologies – ships, sails, compass, guns• Expanding populations – needed more space

• Trade increased – merchants wanted access to Asia – spices, silk, porcelain

• Main trade route was called the Silk Road – long and dangerous land route

• Portugal – led European exploration for water route to Asia – Vasco da Gama

• Caravels – small, fast ships good for exploring

Caravel

Other Explorers

• Amerigo Vespucci – 1st European to find the mainland of the Americas – 1499, 1502

• Giovanni da Verrazano – 1st European to reach North Carolina – 1524

• French – Canada• English – Atlantic coast of North America• Spanish – Central and South America

Christopher Columbus

Leif Eriksson sights land

Amerigo Vespucci

Silk Road

European Explorations

Columbus Departs from Spain

Columbus Comes to the Americas

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=My8Vd-NZ8Qo (Columbus Biography)

• Europeans bring diseases that kill off approx. 90% of the native population

• Force native population into slavery in the pursuit of gold and riches

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Old World to New World: New World to Old World:

Diseases: Smallpox MeaslesChicken PoxMalariaYellow FeverInfluenzaThe Common Cold

Syphilis

| This page was last updated on 12/3/98. | Return to History 111 Supplements

Smallpox Victim

Native populations were devastated by disease

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Old World to New World: New World to Old World:

Animals: Horses CattlePigsSheepGoatsChickens

TurkeysLlamasAlpacasGuinea Pigs

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Old World to New World: New World to Old World:

Plants: Rice WheatBarleyOatsCoffeeSugarcaneBananasMelonsOlivesDandelionsDaisiesCloverRagweedKentucky Bluegrass

Corn (Maize)Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)TobaccoPeanutsSquashPeppersTomatoesPumpkinsPineapplesCacao (Source of Chocolate)Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)PapayasManioc (Tapioca)GuavasAvocados

3 G’s of Expansion

1. Gold-Riches (Mostly Explorers)

2. God-Convert Natives

3. Glory-Make a Name for Themselves

Discovering Mexico• Spanish Conquistadors continue to

explore the Americas in search of gold• Many marry native women and have

children labeled mestizo• Cortez discovers the Aztec population

and conquers the native people– Native people decreased from approx.

20 million to 2 million people in less than 100 years

Setting Up Trade

• St. Augustine (Florida) is secured as a trading sight with Europe

• Settlers begin to settle in New Mexico, natives rebel “The Pope Rebellion”– Burned down churches and killed

priests• “The Black Legend” is born

– Settlers only come to conquer and torture natives, take gold, and give small box/diseases before leaving

England Comes to America

• Sir Francis Drake Sails Around the World – Brings back plundered Spanish gold to England

• England Becomes a Strong Naval Power

Roanoke Colony

• Settlers (Men and Women) come to Roanoke Island• Stay 3 years• Disappear

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mMGYyT-wv0

The Virginia Company• King James I sends settlers

(Mostly Men) to establish Jamestown (1609)

• Captain John Smith Arrives and Commands – Gets the settlement in order

• 400 settlers come, After the harsh winter of 1609-1610 only 60 survive

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OA1wYOlJN4o

Jamestown• 1st permanent English settlement – Virginia in 1607• John Smith (military leader), John Rolfe (tobacco),

Pocahontas (married Rolfe, not Smith)• Colony almost did not survive – bad location and

they did not bring farmers nor carpenters on the first trip

• 1608 – Starving Time due to a famine• 1619 (a big year): House of Burgess (1st

representative assembly), English women arrive, Africans brought as Indentured Servants

Jamestown

John Smith

John Rolfe marries Pocahontas

Pocahontas

Plymouth Rock• Sought Religious Freedom from England• Mayflower (Ship) drops settlers off and

returns to England• Pilgrims (People)• Livestock, books, dogs, families,

spinning wheels• Arrive in the middle of winterhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwJDraGAV44• Disease rapidly wipes out population

before shelters are builthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZRI1BIaER4 (The Truth About Thanksgiving)

Powhatan Wars

• Lord De La Warr brings supplies and military to Jamestown– Starts war with the Powhatan Tribe

• Pocahontas Marries John Rolfe– Ends the first Anglo-Powhatan War

• By 1685, English Consider Powhatan Tribes Extinct after Second Anglo-Powhatan War

West Africa

• Societies were similar to North America• Carried on most of their trade with Europe and Asia• Became the center of the world’s slave trade• Slaves• A. War Prisoners• B. Criminals• C. People kidnapped from other tribes

The West Indian Islands

• England claims for sugar crop• Starts Slave Trade

– African slaves shipped to the islands– Slaves to Englishman (4:1)

• Barbados Slave Code of 1661– Took away all basic rights for slaves

Triangle Trade