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The Birth of the Constitution. USHC 1.4. The Articles of Confederation. First plan of government WEAK. Replaced by Constitution. Articles vs. Constitution. Problems. With the Articles. Shays’ Rebellion. Bad Economy. Image by Beyond My Ken. The Constitutional Convention. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Articles of Confederation
First plan of government
WEAKReplaced by Constitution
Articles vs. ConstitutionArticles Constitution
Federalism
“A Firm League
of
Friendship”
“A More Perfect
Union”
Representation
of StatesEQUAL Proportional (House)
Equal (Senate)
Taxation States ONLY State & Federal
Powers of
Congress
Foreign Relations
Army and NavyDeclare WarAmbassadors
Treaties
In addition to the Articles:
TaxationInterstate CommerceCurrencyCrush Rebellions
Amendments
UNANIMOUS 2/3 Congress + 3/4 States
ProblemsWith the Articles
Shays’ Rebellion
Bad Economy
Image by Beyond My Ken
The Constitutional Convention
Stated Purpose: Amend the Articles
Philadelphia, Summer 1787
Articles vs. ConstitutionArticles Constitution
Federalism
“A Firm League
of
Friendship”
“A More Perfect
Union”
Representation
of StatesEQUAL Proportional (House)
Equal (Senate)
Taxation States ONLY State & Federal
Powers of
Congress
Foreign Relations
Army and NavyDeclare WarAmbassadors
Treaties
In addition to the Articles:
TaxationInterstate CommerceCurrencyCrush Rebellions
Amendments
UNANIMOUS 2/3 Congress + 3/4 States
Compromises
Lots of Them!
Statistics From the 1790 CensusState
Population
Percentage of Total
Regional Population
Number of Slaves
Percentage of
Population
New Hampshire 141,885 4% 158 0%Massachusetts 378,787 10% 0 0%Connecticut 237,946 7% 2,759 1%Rhode Island 68,825 2% 152 0%NEW ENGLAND 23% 827,443
New Jersey 184,139 5% 11,423 6%New York 340,120 9% 21,324 6%Pennsylvania 434,373 12% 3,737 1%MIDDLE STATES 958,632
NORTH OF MASON/DIXON 49%1,786,07
5 39,853 6%
Delaware 59,096 2% 8,887 15%Maryland 319,728 9% 103,036 32%Virginia 747,610 20% 293,427 39%North Carolina 393,751 11% 100,572 26%South Carolina 249,073 7% 107,094 43%Georgia 82,548 2% 29,264 35%
THE SOUTH 51%1,851,80
6 642,280 94%
TOTAL POPULATION 3,637,881
SLAVE POPULATION 681,833 15%
new jersey plan
Doesn’t Matter
Unicameral Legislature
One Vote Per State
VIRGINIA PLAN
James Madison
Bicameral Legislature
Based on POPULATION
“GREAT COMPROMISE”
House of Representatives
Lower House
SenateUpper House
Based on POPULATION
Two Votes Per State
Elected by Voters(DIRECT)
Appointed by State Legislatures
(INDIRECT)
The “Three-Fifths” Compromise
A “Not So Great” Compromise
FOR THE SOUTH
FOR THE NORTH
Slaves count 3/5 of a person for Congressional representation.
Congress can “regulate” international slave trade in 20 years.
3/5 3/5
Electoral College
# of Electors = Senators + Representatives
Each state will send electors to cast votes for President.
AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION
2 3
3 4
9States necessary to ratify the Constitution
Federalists Antifederalists
Supported
Opposed
Ratification
Federalist Arguments
AntifederalistObjections
Stronger Central
Government
Better EconomyLaw and
Order
Unlimited Terms
NO Bill of Rights
“National”
Government
The Federalist(aka, The Federalist Papers)
James Madison
Alexander
Hamilton
John Jay
Bill of Rights
Compromise
Amendment XThe powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
