The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of Engineering

Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

Dushan Boroyevich

Panel Session 1: What does the electric utility grid look like if power electronics is readily available

(i.e. ultra-low cost, ultra-high reliability, and ultra-high performance)?Enabling Advanced Power Electronics Technologies

for the Next Generation Electric Utility Grid Workshop

Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Future Electronic Energy Systems

July 17, 2018

Center for Power Electronics SystemsTeaching Professors:

Dushan Boroyevich, DirectorKhai D. T. NgoRolando BurgosQiang LiMona GhassemiDong Dong (Aug. 2018)Juhao Zhang (Aug. 2018)

Other:1 Affiliate Faculty 5 Full-time Staff2 Part-time Staff

15 Visiting Scholars36 Doctoral Students20 Masters Students

0

50

100

1980 1990 2000 2010

Facu

lty, S

taff,

& S

tude

nts

People 1978-2017NSF ERC

VIRGINIA POWER ELECTRONICS CENTER

VPEC

Awarded over 150 Ph.D. and 175 M.S. degrees

Research Professors:Fred C. Lee, Director EmeritusIgor Cvetkovic, Technical DirectorBo WenJun WangChristina DiMarino, Assistant DirectorDavid Gilham, Lab. Ops. Director

Annual Research Exp. ~$6 mil.

July 17, 2018 db-1

CPES Research Today

Technology Areas

Application Areas

Sustainable & DistributedElectronic Energy

Systems

VehicularPower Converter

Systems

Point-of-Load Conversion

Power Managementfor Computers &

Telecommunications

High Density Integration

Modeling and Control

EMI and Power Quality

Power Electronics

Components

Power Conversion Topologies and Architectures

High-PowerHigh-Voltage Converters

July 17, 2018 db-2a

CPES Research Today

Technology Areas

Application Areas

Sustainable & DistributedElectronic Energy

Systems

VehicularPower Converter

Systems

Point-of-Load Conversion

Power Managementfor Computers &

Telecommunications

watts to megawatts

Point of Load ConvertersTraction Converters Medium Voltage Converters

High Density Integration

Modeling and Control

EMI and Power Quality

Power Electronics

Components

Power Conversion Topologies and Architectures

High-PowerHigh-Voltage Converters

July 17, 2018 db-2b

42 PRINCIPAL PLUS MEMBERSHIPS ($50 K/year)3M Company ABB, Inc. (x2) Altera/Intel Chicony Power Technology Co.CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd. Delta Electronics (x3) Dialog Semiconductor DOWA Metaltech Co., Ltd.Eaton Efficient Power Conversion Eltek GE Global ResearchGE Grid Solutions General Motors Company Groupe SAFRAN Huawei Technologies Co. (x2) Infineon + International Rectifier Inventronics (Hangzhou), Inc. Linear Technology Lockheed Martin Corporation (x2)Moog Components Group Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Navitas Semiconductor NextEVNissan Motor Co., Ltd. NXP Semiconductors ON Semiconductor Panasonic Corporation Rockwell Automation Siemens Corp. Technology (x2) Silergy Corporation Texas Instruments (x2)United Technologies Res. Center Valeo VERTIV

8 PRINCIPAL MEMBERS ($30 K/year) AcBel Polytech, Inc. Flextronics LG Electronics Macroblock, Inc. Mercedes-Benz R&D N. America NR Electric Co., Ltd. Toshiba Corporation ZTE Corporation

22 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS ($15 K/year)Analog Devices Calsonic Kansei Corporation China Nat. Elec. App. Res. Inst. Crown InternationalCummins, Inc. Dell Dyson Technology Ltd. Ford Motor CompanyFuji Electric Co., Ltd. Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Johnson Controls, Inc. Lite-On Technology CorporationMaxim Integrated Products Microsoft Corporation Richtek Technology Corporation Robert Bosch GmbHShindengen Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd. Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. TDK-Lambda Corporation Tesla MotorsToyota Motor Corporation United Silicon Carbide, Inc.

17 AFFILIATE MEMBERS (in-kind contributions or <$15 K/year) ANSYS, Inc. CISSOID EGSTON GmbH Electronic Concepts, Inc.Mentor Graphics Corporation NEC TOKIN Corporation OPAL-RT Technologies Plexim GmbHPowersim, Inc. Rohde & Schwarz SIMPLIS Technologies, Inc. Synopsys, Inc.Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. Tektronix, Inc. Transphorm, Inc. Vesta System

VPT, Inc.

CPES Industry Consortium (84 members)

July 17, 2018 db-3a

42 PRINCIPAL PLUS MEMBERSHIPS ($50 K/year)3M Company ABB, Inc. (x2) Altera/Intel Chicony Power Technology Co.CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd. Delta Electronics (x3) Dialog Semiconductor DOWA Metaltech Co., Ltd.Eaton Efficient Power Conversion Eltek GE Global ResearchGE Grid Solutions General Motors Company Groupe SAFRAN Huawei Technologies Co. (x2) Infineon + International Rectifier Inventronics (Hangzhou), Inc. Linear Technology Lockheed Martin Corporation (x2)Moog Components Group Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Navitas Semiconductor NextEVNissan Motor Co., Ltd. NXP Semiconductors ON Semiconductor Panasonic Corporation Rockwell Automation Siemens Corp. Technology (x2) Silergy Corporation Texas Instruments (x2)United Technologies Res. Center Valeo VERTIV

8 PRINCIPAL MEMBERS ($30 K/year) AcBel Polytech, Inc. Flextronics LG Electronics Macroblock, Inc. Mercedes-Benz R&D N. America NR Electric Co., Ltd. Toshiba Corporation ZTE Corporation

22 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS ($15 K/year)Analog Devices Calsonic Kansei Corporation China Nat. Elec. App. Res. Inst. Crown InternationalCummins, Inc. Dell Dyson Technology Ltd. Ford Motor CompanyFuji Electric Co., Ltd. Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Johnson Controls, Inc. Lite-On Technology CorporationMaxim Integrated Products Microsoft Corporation Richtek Technology Corporation Robert Bosch GmbHShindengen Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd. Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. TDK-Lambda Corporation Tesla MotorsToyota Motor Corporation United Silicon Carbide, Inc.

17 AFFILIATE MEMBERS (in-kind contributions or <$15 K/year) ANSYS, Inc. CISSOID EGSTON GmbH Electronic Concepts, Inc.Mentor Graphics Corporation NEC TOKIN Corporation OPAL-RT Technologies Plexim GmbHPowersim, Inc. Rohde & Schwarz SIMPLIS Technologies, Inc. Synopsys, Inc.Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. Tektronix, Inc. Transphorm, Inc. Vesta System

VPT, Inc.

CPES Industry Consortium (84 members)

• Free access to CPES publications, conference, and other information• Representation on the Industry Advisory Board• Industry residence and student internship programs• Discount on short courses and other services

• Preferential access to Intellectual Property • Seat on the Industry Advisory Board

• Free access to some CPES publications and conference• Limited discount on short courses and other services

July 17, 2018 db-3b

42 PRINCIPAL PLUS MEMBERSHIPS ($50 K/year)3M Company ABB, Inc. (x2) Altera/Intel Chicony Power Technology Co.CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd. Delta Electronics (x3) Dialog Semiconductor DOWA Metaltech Co., Ltd.Eaton Efficient Power Conversion Eltek GE Global ResearchGE Grid Solutions General Motors Company Groupe SAFRAN Huawei Technologies Co. (x2) Infineon + International Rectifier Inventronics (Hangzhou), Inc. Linear Technology Lockheed Martin Corporation (x2)Moog Components Group Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Navitas Semiconductor NextEVNissan Motor Co., Ltd. NXP Semiconductors ON Semiconductor Panasonic Corporation Rockwell Automation Siemens Corp. Technology (x2) Silergy Corporation Texas Instruments (x2)United Technologies Res. Center Valeo VERTIV

CPES Industry Consortium (84 members)

Power ManagementConsortium

High DensityIntegration

Wide Bandgap – High PowerConverters and Systems

July 17, 2018 db-4

More Electricity is Supplied by Electronic Sources

Electrical Power System in 21st Century?

Most of Electricity is Consumed by Electronic LoadsWill

Transmissionand

Distribution

remain

Electro-Mechanical

andElectro-thermal

???

July 17, 2018 db-5

Electronicpower system with:• Multiple loads and

multiple sources,

• No electro-mechanical or electro-thermal control or protection,

• Full-power converter for connection to a bigger power system,

• Power management through Energy Control Center (ECC).

Energy Control Center

Electronic Energy System: A Notebook PC

• Load converters: Meet dynamic energy requirements of the loads

REDUCECOST !

• Power Distribution Converters:– Increase peak-power efficiency ⇔ Improve power density– Increase light-load efficiency ⇔ Improve energy efficiency

• Source converters: Meet ac line standards; improve battery utilization

LCD Bias– 8 V

Backlight800 V

Memory1.8 V

Processor0.7-1.7 V

5 V Bus3.3 V Bus

PeripheralSupplies

12 V

12-16 V 90-260 V

50-60 Hz

19 VCharger /

Discharger

Bus Converter

Bus Converter

Voltage Regulator

Voltage Regulator

CCFL Inverter

LCD Converter

Boost Converter

AC AdapterBattery

Power Supervisor

Battery Monitor

I/O DiskDrive

LDO Regulators

Logic

Fan Controller

July 17, 2018 db-6

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle ( picoGrid )

pECC Bidirectional Charger

House (nanoGrid)

July 17, 2018 db-7a

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle ( picoGrid )

pECC Bidirectional Charger

House (nanoGrid)

July 17, 2018 db-7b

A House (nanoGrid)

Microgrid

House Energy Control Center nECC

July 17, 2018 db-8a

A House (nanoGrid)

Microgrid

House Energy Control Center nECC

July 17, 2018 db-8b

Microgrid

Мiligrid

Microgrid Energy Control Center µECCSolid-State Distribution Substation

July 17, 2018 db-9a

Microgrid

Мiligrid

Microgrid Energy Control Center µECCSolid-State Distribution Substation

July 17, 2018 db-9b

Miligrid

Grid

Miligrid Energy Control Center mECCSolid-State Transmission Substation

July 17, 2018 db-10a

Miligrid

Grid

Miligrid Energy Control Center mECCSolid-State Transmission Substation

July 17, 2018 db-10b

IntergridHierarchical network of dynamically-decoupled, electronically-interconnected, sub-networks

LARGE-SCALE POWER PLANTS AND TRANSMISSION

DC picoGRIDPHEV

pECC

DC DISTRIBUTION

WINDPVPHEV

nECC

HOUSEHOLD LOADS

DC nanoGRID

PV WINDnECC

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

LOADS

DC picoGRIDPHEV

pECC

HOUSEHOLD LOADS

DC nanoGRID

PV WINDnECC

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

LOADS

AC DISTRIBUTION

PHEV

nECC

WIND

PV

HOUSEHOLD LOADS

AC nanoGRID

PV WINDnECC

DC picoGRIDPHEV

pECC

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

LOADS

AC microGRID

DC microGRID

μECC

HVACTRANSMISSION

COMBUSTION

NUCLEAR

HVDCTRANSMISSIONGECC GECC HYDRONUCLEAR

HVACTRANSMISSION

μECC

…nECC

pECC

pECC

nECC

pECC

nECC

nECC

pECC

pECC

nECC Main features: At least minimal level of

local energy generation and storage;

Interfaces to the higher-level system through bidirectional power converters;

Ability to operate in islanded mode;

Extensive communication and control capabilities;

No thermo-mechanical switchgear;

Step-up/down and isolation functions provided by the power converters (no low-frequency transformers);

→ Fractile Grid

July 17, 2018 db-11a

IntergridHierarchical network of dynamically-decoupled, electronically-interconnected, sub-networks

LARGE-SCALE POWER PLANTS AND TRANSMISSION

DC picoGRIDPHEV

pECC

DC DISTRIBUTION

WINDPVPHEV

nECC

HOUSEHOLD LOADS

DC nanoGRID

PV WINDnECC

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

LOADS

DC picoGRIDPHEV

pECC

HOUSEHOLD LOADS

DC nanoGRID

PV WINDnECC

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

LOADS

AC DISTRIBUTION

PHEV

nECC

WIND

PV

HOUSEHOLD LOADS

AC nanoGRID

PV WINDnECC

DC picoGRIDPHEV

pECC

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

LOADS

AC microGRID

DC microGRID

μECC

HVACTRANSMISSION

COMBUSTION

NUCLEAR

HVDCTRANSMISSIONGECC GECC HYDRONUCLEAR

HVACTRANSMISSION

μECC

…nECC

pECC

pECC

nECC

pECC

nECC

nECC

pECC

pECC

nECC Main features: At least minimal level of

local energy generation and storage;

Interfaces to the higher-level system through bidirectional power converters;

Ability to operate in islanded mode;

Extensive communication and control capabilities;

No thermo-mechanical switchgear;

Step-up/down and isolation functions provided by the power converters (no low-frequency transformers);

→ Fractile Grid

* RIGHT: safely, reliably, efficiently, sustainably, enjoyably, aesthetically, cheaply, unnoticeably, pervasively, … July 17, 2018 db-11b

It is using the RIGHT frequency (or DC), the RIGHT voltage,

and the RIGHT currentfor EACH source,

EACH load,and EACH cable (wire),

in the whole electrical networkor grid.

It is not AC vs DC;it is not Tesla vs Edison!

IntergridHierarchical network of dynamically-decoupled, electronically-interconnected, sub-networks

LARGE-SCALE POWER PLANTS AND TRANSMISSION

DC picoGRIDPHEV

pECC

DC DISTRIBUTION

WINDPVPHEV

nECC

HOUSEHOLD LOADS

DC nanoGRID

PV WINDnECC

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

LOADS

DC picoGRIDPHEV

pECC

HOUSEHOLD LOADS

DC nanoGRID

PV WINDnECC

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

LOADS

AC DISTRIBUTION

PHEV

nECC

WIND

PV

HOUSEHOLD LOADS

AC nanoGRID

PV WINDnECC

DC picoGRIDPHEV

pECC

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

LOADS

AC microGRID

DC microGRID

μECC

HVACTRANSMISSION

COMBUSTION

NUCLEAR

HVDCTRANSMISSIONGECC GECC HYDRONUCLEAR

HVACTRANSMISSION

μECC

…nECC

pECC

pECC

nECC

pECC

nECC

nECC

pECC

pECC

nECC Main features: At least minimal level of

local energy generation and storage;

Interfaces to the higher-level system through bidirectional power converters;

Ability to operate in islanded mode;

Extensive communication and control capabilities;

No thermo-mechanical switchgear;

Step-up/down and isolation functions provided by the power converters (no low-frequency transformers);

→ Fractile Grid

July 17, 2018 db-11c

Planned Future HVDC Projects by 2020 in China

July 17, 2018 db-12

2012 Study by NREL: Renewable Electricity Futures

What would it take for renewables to supply 80% of US electricity in 2050?

Renewable electric energy generation from technologies that are commercially available today, in combination with a more flexible electric system, is more than adequate to supply 80% of total U.S. electricity generation in 2050 while meeting electricity demand on an hourly basis in every region of the country!

Sam Baldwin, IEEE ECCE,Denver, 2013.

Year2050

1,6001,4001,2001,000

800600400200

02040203020202010

Inst

alle

d C

apac

ity (G

W)

If 80% of el. en. from renew.

July 17, 2018 db-13