The Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular SystemThe cardiovascular system is made up of three parts:Blood- connective tissue made of plasma and cellsHeart muscular pump to move bloodBlood Vessels- veins, arteries, capillaries that deliver blood to all parts of body

BloodFunctions:Carry oxygen from lungs to cellsCarry waste products from cells to kidneysTransport nutrients and other substances to cellsUse cells and molecules in the blood to fight infections and heal wounds.

BloodParts:PlasmaWhite Blood CellsRed Blood CellsPlatelets

Plasma Liquid portion of the blood 92% waterNutrients, minerals, and oxygen are dissolved here to be carried to the cellsWaste is carried here

White Blood Cells Made in the bone marrow and lymph glandsOne part of the bodys defense systemFight bacteria, viruses, and other invadersLeave blood through capillary wallsLarger than red blood cells, but you have fewer of them.

Red Blood Cells Disk-shaped cells made by bone marrowMade of hemoglobin that carries oxygen to the cells and CO2 to the lungs.Most numerous cells in your body.About 2 million are made every secondSurvive for 120 days.Your body usually has about 25 billion red blood cells!

Red Blood Cells http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000104.htm

PlateletsIrregularly shaped cell fragmentsForm from other parts of cellsHelp clot bloodSurvive for 5-9 days

Blood TypesThere are four types of blood: A, B, AB, & O.Antigens are found on the red blood cells of all types of blood except 0.Antigens are chemicals that serve as identification for different types of red blood cells.Antibodies are proteins that destroy or neutralize substances that do not belong in or are not part of your body.Each blood type has specific antibodies in its plasma. (Except AB, which has none.)Brain Pop: Blood Types

Blood TypesRh factor is a chemical identification tag. If Rh is on the red blood cells, the blood is Rh positive.If Rh is not on the red blood cells, the blood is Rh negative.

http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/1.html

Blood ClottingPlatelets stick to the cut and release chemicals.Chemical reactions cause thread like fibers, called fibrin, to form a sticky net around the wound.A scab forms and skin repairs underneath.

Diseases of the BloodAnemia is a lack of healthy red blood cells.Body tissues dont get enough oxygen and cant carry out their functions properly.Sickle-cell Anemia occurs when the red blood cells are shaped like a sickle.The shape of the cells causes them to get clogged in the capillaries, which prevents them from carrying oxygen to the cells.

Diseases of the BloodLeukemia occurs when one or more types of white blood cells are made in excessive numbers.These white blood cells dont fight infection well because they are immature.They fill the bone marrow and crowd out other cells.

Circulatory SystemFunction: To move blood throughout the body.Structures:Heart- muscle that pumps the bloodBlood Vessels- tube-like structures that carry the bloodBrain Pop: Circulatory System

Blood VesselsFunction: Move blood throughout the bodyStructures:Arteries- carry blood away from the heartVeins- carry blood back to the heartCapillaries- microscopic blood vessels connecting arteries and veins

carry blood AWAY from the heartArteries

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have thin, elastic walls with valves valves help veins return blood to the heart carry blood TO the heartVeins smallest veins are venules

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connect arteries and veins walls of capillaries are one cell layer thick surround every cell in the bodyCapillaries site of gas exchange

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tissue

alveoliCO2CO2CO2capillaryCO2O2

Gas exchange occurs between the thin walls of the alveoli and the thin walls of the capillaries.

CO2CO2CO2CO2CO2CO2CO2CO2CO2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2

HeartMuscular pump that is used to move the blood throughout the body.Made of myocardium musclePumps about 3,400 gallons of blood per dayCan pump up to 12 gallons of blood per minute

Right AtriumLeft AtriumRight VentricleLeft VentricleHeart

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a valve between each ventricle of the heart and the artery connected to that ventricle, preventing blood from flowing back into the heartwall separating two ventricles preventing mixing of bloodSemilunar valves

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main artery of the circulatory systemonly artery that carries oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood

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Pulmonary Vein Only veins that carry oxygen-rich (oxygenated) bloodPulmonary VeinCarry blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart

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Superior Vena Cava Brings deoxygenated blood from the head and armsInferior Vena CavaBrings deoxygenated blood from lower body

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Blood CirculationThere are three types of blood circulation:Coronary Circulation- Blood flow to the heart tissuesPulmonary Circulation- Blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back to the heartSystemic Circulation- Blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body

Coronary CirculationThe heart needs oxygen and nutrients to function.Blood flows to the cells and tissues of the heart organ to provide the oxygen and nutrients it needs.Coronary = HeartCoronary Veins and Arteries

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Pulmonary CirculationBlood flow from heart to lungs and back to heart.Pulmonary = Lungs

Pulmonary Circulation

Pulmonary Circulation

(CO2 - waste product from cells)Pulmonary Circulation

Pulmonary Circulation

Pulmonary Circulation

aorta - main artery of the bodyPulmonary Circulation

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Systemic CirculationOxygen rich blood moves to all organs and tissues in the body (except the heart and lungs) through blood vessels.Oxygen poor blood (carrying carbon dioxide) returns to the heart.Largest of the three types of circulationBlood makes a full circle of the body in about one minute.

Systemic= System

Blood leaves the heart, passes through arteries until it reaches capillaries located throughout the body.Systemic Circulation

In the capillaries, CO2 and waste products are exchanged for O2 and nutrients. Systemic Circulation

Blood returns to heart through the veins.Systemic Circulation

See the Heart in ActionNational Geographic: Interactive Heart

Identify the parts of the heart.Which part sends blood to all parts of the body?Which parts are the ventricles?Which parts are the atria?What single term describes structures 2, 3, 4, and 6?

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