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The Causes of WW1 The Great War
by Mr. Eisenman
Key Questions 100th Anniversary of the Great War
• What were the causes of war?
• How did technology and new weapons change war?
• How did the geography of Europe impact how the war
was fought?
• How did soldiers experience war on the two fronts?
• How did the outcome of WWI shape life in the last 100
years?
• Why did the Russian Revolution occur and how did it
impact WWI?
4 Causes of WWI
•Militarism
•Alliances
•Imperialism
•Nationalism
Militarism 1.
• Definition: The glorification
of military power and the
presence of a standing army
• European nations believed
that to be a truly great nation,
military power was necessary
Militarism 2.
• Arms race
– During the 1700s & 1800s
Britain ruled the seas.
– Germany challenged British
sea power as well as Russian
and French Army power
• Each nation had plans ready
to mobilize troops for war
• Thus nations were willing
and able to go to war!!!
Label your map of Europe using this
one- don’t color yet!!!
Alliances
• Definition: A union between countries created
for mutual benefit.
• By 1914, all the major powers were linked by a
system of secret alliances.
• Alliances = more likely for war to start
– You have to defend your ally if they are attacked
• Alliances = bigger wars
– Once started, the alliances made it more likely to
spread.
Secret alliance= more likely war
Do Now…
• Get 2 colored pencils/light colored markers
• On your map of Europe in 1914, create a
key that looks like this:
Triple Alliance/Central Powers
Triple Entente/Allies
Neutral
• Decide which color is going to be with
which alliance
Use the map below to color the
alliances & neutral countries
Germany’s position
• What are the advantages and disadvantages
of Germany’s position in Europe?
Schlieffen Plan
• In order to defend Germany against Russia,
Germany would need to attack France through
Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxemburg first in
order to avoid long-term war on two fronts. They
believed that a French threat could be quickly
eliminated before focusing on Russia.
Imperialism, 1870-1914
Definition: The political, military,
economic or cultural influence of a strong
nation over a weaker nation
Competition for overseas empires created
rivalries and mistrust
ie, Germany and France nearly fought
over Morocco.
Nationalism
• Definition: Devotion to one’s nation.
• Creates unity, but also division
• Rivaly among the 6 Great powers:
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain,
Russia, Italy and France
• Competition for markets, raw materials,
industrial dominance, and territory.
Germany-France rivalry
o France loses Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in Franco-Prussian War (1871)
o 1911: fight over Morocco
Nationalism Continued
• Many ethnic groups
believed that they had a
right to have their own
state and wanted
indendence.
• In the Balkans, the
Great powers, Turkey,
and the independence
aims of groups like the
Serbs collided.
Significant Individuals 1
• Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Built up German army and
navy
• Aggressive foreign policy
• Determined to make
Germany a top nation.
• Distrusted by other powers
“Germany must have
its place in the sun”
“The world belongs to
the strong.”
Significant Individuals 2
• Gavrilo Princip
• Serbian
• Member of the Black
Hand
• Assassinated
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand (A-H)
Significant Individuals 3
• Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
– Heir to the Austro-
Hungarian Throne
– Assassinated in
Sarajevo, Bosnia
Balkans = Europe’s Powderkeg
• 28 June 1914
• Heir to Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand visits Sarajevo.
• Sarajevo = Capital of Bosnia, recently grabbed by Austria.
• Assassinated by Serbian Black Hand
Seal of the
Black Hand
group
Do Now…
• Read the eyewitness account of the
assassination. According to this account,
does the writer support the assassination?
Write a paragraph in which you use quotes
from the document to support your
opinion.
Domino Effect
1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to Austro-Hungarian throne) and wife are assassinated in June 28, 1914 by a Serbian nationalist
2. Austria-Hungary gives Serbia an ultimatum (list of demands) to avoid war
3. AH rejects Serbia’s offer of peace and declares war on July 28, 1914.
4. Russia moves troops to Austrian and German borders.
Domino Effect
5. Germany sees this as an act of aggression, declares war on Russia on August 1, 1914. 6. Germany declares war on France. 7. Germany invades Belgium as part of Schlieffen Plan. 8. Britain declares war on Germany on August 4, 1914 9. Italy switches sides leaves Alliance to join Entente
Review…
• Write down and finish the rest of the word:
– M
– A
– I
– N
• Now define each word
• Who killed whom to start WWI?
• Who declared war first?
• What was the most important cause of WWI?