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The Chemistry of Life
Chapter 2, Section 1The Nature of Matter
(p. 35-39)
Atomic Structure
The Periodic Table
Periodic Table Boxes
Electrons
• Electrons orbit the nucleus at various distances (shells/orbitals)• First shell:
• Second shell:
• Third shell:
Electrons
• Total number of electrons
• Valence electrons
Chemical Compounds
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Chapter 2, Section 2Properties of Water
(p. 40-43)
The Water Molecule
Hydrogen Bonds
The Result of Hydrogen Bonds
• Adhesion • Cohesion
High Surface Tension
High Specific Heat
Less Dense as a Solid
The Universal Solvent
• Water is usually found as a mixture
• Solution
• Suspension
The pH Scale
• Water molecules can react to form ions:
• The pH scale measures:
The pH Scale
• Acidic:
• Basic:
Chapter 2, Section 3Carbon Compounds
(p. 44-48)
Carbon
• Atomic building block for all organisms
• Forms single, double, & triple covalent bonds
• It can bond with itself to form:
Carbohydrates
• Made up of:
• Monomer name:
• Polymer name:
Carbohydrate Examples
Lipids
• Made up of:
• Monomer name:
• Polymer name:
Lipids
Lipid Examples
Nucleic Acids
• Made up of:
• Monomer name:
• Polymer name:
Nucleic Acid Examples
Proteins
• Made up of:
• Monomer name:
• Polymer name:
Amino Acids
Examples of Proteins
Protein Folding
Chapter 2, Section 4Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
(p. 49-53)
Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions Activation Energy:
Two types of chemical reactions: Exothermic
Endothermic
Catalysts
Enzymes
Enzymes are a type of protein that:
Enzyme Structure
Enzymes at Work
Types of Enzymes
• Catalyzes the breaking down of molecules• Examples:
• Lipase
• Lactase
• Protease
• Amylase
• Catalyzes the joining of molecules• Examples:
• DNA Polymerase
• DNA Ligase