The Nature of MatterIntro to Chemistry(Matter & energy)

What is Chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of the ___________ and __________ of ______ and the ________ it undergoes.

composition propertiesmatter changes

Matter is all of the stuff around

you!

What’s Matter?Matter is anything that has _____ and takes up ______

massSpace (has volume!)

Mass is the amount of ______ that a substance possesses.

matter

Weight is the effect of _______ on that mass.

gravity

Mass vs. WeightSay you weigh ____ pounds on Earth and you travel to the moon.

150

You will only weigh ___ pounds, because the moon has ____ the ________.

251/6

Your _______ changes, but you still have the same _____ and take up the same amount of ______.

weightmass

space

gravity

Types of MatterMatter is made of either ______________ or ________.pure substances mixtures

A pure substance is made of only ____ type of particle that cannot be separated easily.

one

A mixture is made of _____ or _____ types of particles that can be easily separated.

two more

Heterogeneous Mixture

Matter

Can it be physically separated?

NOYES

Mixture

Can it be chemically

decomposed?

Pure Substance

Is the composition

uniform?

Yes No

Homogeneous Mixture

Yes No

Compound Element

Pure SubstancesA pure substance can be ___________ into smaller and smaller particles – but every piece still has the same _________ as the whole.

subdivided

properties

A pure substance that is made of only one type of ______ is called an _______.

atomelement

Pure Substances

–contain only ONE kind of atom– #1-93 occur naturally, the rest are synthetic (#94-118)

–Ex - copper gold

ELEMENTS ELEMENTS

Atoms & ElementsAtoms are considered the ________ blocks of all ______, and cannot be _________ or __________.

buildingmatter

created destroyed

There are approximately ____ different types of atoms, each with its own unique ___________.

109

Composition (#p, #e, #n)

If two or more atoms are ________ together, this substance is called a _________. (It’s still a “pure substance”)

joined

compound

Pure Substances• COMPOUND• composed of 2 or more

elements in a fixed ratio–New properties different from individual elements

The compound has completely different properties than the element!

NaClNa

Cl2

Compounds

moleculecompound

Compounds are made by forming chemical ______ between ______.bonds atoms

The smallest naturally-occurring unit of a __________ is called a ________.If substances are combined but they do ____ form chemical ______, the substance is called a _________. (it is no longer a “pure substance”)

NOT bondsMIXTURE

**A Chemical Bond occurs when Atoms Transfer or Share Valence Electrons**

MIXTURESMIXTURES

• Made of two or more separate compounds and or elements in variable amounts

• Weak or Strong Kool –Aid is still Kool-Aid but I can’t have weak or strong Water

• Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Solutions

Matter Flow Chart

A mixture that has the same ___________ throughout the substance is called a _____________ mixture.composition

homogeneous

Examples of homogeneous mixtures:

salt waterair

vanilla puddingGatorade

MixturesA mixture that does not have the same ___________ throughout the substance is called a _____________ mixture. You can usually see the components of this mixture!

compositionheterogeneous

Examples of heterogeneous mixtures:

soil

Rocky Road ice cream

fruit saladmixed nuts

Which is it?

ElementCompoundMixture

Flowchart of Matter

Matter

MixturePure

Substance

Homo-geneous

Hetero-geneous

Compound Element

Properties of Matter___________ properties are those characteristics that can be _________ using our senses without changing the _______ of the substance.

Physicalobserved

Common physical properties include:color

odordensityphysical state

melting point

boiling point

identity

mass

Properties of Matter________ properties describe a substance’s ability to undergo _________ in ________. They become something entirely new!!!

Chemical

changes identity

Examples:_____ reacts with ____ and _____ to form ____Iron air water

Rust (also known as Iron Oxide)

______, ____ and _____ become _____ in the presence of _____.Flour egg sugarcake heat

Changes in MatterThe changes that matter undergoes can be classified as either ________ or _________ changes.

physicalchemical

Physical changes alter the _________ properties of the substance, but not its basic ___________. (still the same stuff!)

physical

composition

*A physical change: changes what you ______ like, but not ____ you ____.look who are

Physical vs. Chemical Physical Change -

changes the form of a substance without changing its identity

properties remain the same

Examplesdissolving, changes of phase

(solid, liquid, or gas) ie: melting, boiling, freezing!)

Changes in MatterA chemical change alters the __________ and _________ of a substance.composition structure

Chemical changes are always accompanied by changes in _______.energy

*A chemical change: changes ____________ about you!everything

The __________ of a chemical change have _________ properties!

productsdifferent

Physical vs. ChemicalChemical Change -

changes the identity of a substance

products have different properties

ID by color change, bubbles, heat change, precipitate

Examples rust, burning paper, ice pack

Chemical Changes

• Signs of a Chemical Change change in color or odor

formation of a gas formation of a precipitate (solid) change in light or heat

Chemical Changes - Physical vs. Chemical

Physical vs. Chemical

• Examples:

–rusting iron

–dissolving in water

–burning a log

–melting ice

–grinding spices

chemical

physical

chemical

physical

physical

                                                                      

Physical vs. Chemical

Physical

Chemical

Qualitative vs. Quantitative

• Qualitative analysis deals with the _________ of a substance:qualities

colorodor

State of matter

** These can be _________ without regard for the ________ of the substance.

observedamount

Qualitative vs. Quantitative

• Quantitative analysis deals with __________ the substance.measuring

THINK!!! Quantitative = QUANTITY

temperaturemass

volume