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The Civil WarThe Civil War
1861-18651861-1865
SecessionSecession
SecedeSecede-to formally leave a -to formally leave a group/membership.group/membership.
Several states from the south Several states from the south threatened to threatened to secedesecede from the Union from the Union when Abraham Lincoln was elected when Abraham Lincoln was elected president.president.
SecessionSecession-the act of leaving a group.-the act of leaving a group. SecessionistsSecessionists-those that supported -those that supported
leaving the Union.leaving the Union.
AgricultureAgriculture
AgricultureAgriculture-having to do -having to do with growing food and with growing food and raising livestock.raising livestock.
PlantationPlantation-large farms in -large farms in the south. .the south. .
A A plantationplantation was like a was like a small village with small village with workshops that made workshops that made things needed on the things needed on the plantation. plantation.
Many used slave labor to Many used slave labor to work the fields.work the fields.
FarmersFarmers
AgricultureAgriculture was very was very important to both the important to both the North and South.North and South.
Farmers grew food for Farmers grew food for their families and sold their families and sold the extra in town.the extra in town.
Most people in the Most people in the United States lived on United States lived on farms or in rural areas farms or in rural areas in the 1800s.in the 1800s.
ManufacturingManufacturing
ManufactureManufacture-the making of things in a factory.-the making of things in a factory. Many factories were located in cities in the Many factories were located in cities in the
North. There were more workers in the cities North. There were more workers in the cities and they had good harbors to ship the goods.and they had good harbors to ship the goods.
Iron WorksIron Works
Many Iron Works factories were located in Many Iron Works factories were located in Northern states.Northern states.
These factories made muskets, rifles and These factories made muskets, rifles and cannons.cannons.
AbolitionistsAbolitionists
AbolishAbolish-to get rid -to get rid of; end.of; end.
AbolitionAbolition- to get - to get rid of slavery.rid of slavery.
AbolitionistsAbolitionists- - people that people that supported the end supported the end of slavery.of slavery.
The Underground Rail RoadThe Underground Rail Road
Follow the drinking gourdFollow the drinking gourd
Underground Rail Underground Rail Road-Road-hidden from sight-hidden from sight-a network of paths and a network of paths and homes to help slaves homes to help slaves escape to freedom.escape to freedom.
ConductorConductor-someone -someone who led the way.who led the way.
Harriet Tubman was a Harriet Tubman was a famous famous conductorconductor on the on the Underground Rail Road.Underground Rail Road.
A House DividedA House Divided
Two sides in the warTwo sides in the war
North vs. SouthNorth vs. South
UnionUnion-the name for the states that -the name for the states that stayed The United States of America.stayed The United States of America.
ConfederateConfederate- Southern states that - Southern states that seceded from the Union and made seceded from the Union and made their own country. They called it The their own country. They called it The Confederate States of America.Confederate States of America.
Abraham Lincoln: NorthAbraham Lincoln: North
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was the 16was the 16thth president of the president of the United States.United States.
There were 23 There were 23 states in the Union.states in the Union.
The Capital was The Capital was Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.
The Land of LincolnThe Land of Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln lived and worked in Illinois.Abraham Lincoln lived and worked in Illinois. He was a lawyer and served four terms in the He was a lawyer and served four terms in the
Illinois House of Representatives.Illinois House of Representatives. His home and law office are still standing in His home and law office are still standing in
Springfield.Springfield.
Jefferson Davis: SouthJefferson Davis: South
Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis graduated from West graduated from West Point in 1828 and served Point in 1828 and served many years in the army.many years in the army.
He was a United States He was a United States Senator from Mississippi.Senator from Mississippi.
He served a term as He served a term as Secretary of War* under Secretary of War* under President Franklin Peirce.President Franklin Peirce.
*The current cabinet position is Secretary of Defense*The current cabinet position is Secretary of Defense..
The ConfederacyThe Confederacy
Jefferson Davis was Jefferson Davis was the first and only the first and only president of the president of the Confederate States Confederate States of America from of America from 1861-1865.1861-1865.
There were 11 There were 11 states in the states in the Confederacy.Confederacy.
The capital city was The capital city was Richmond, Virginia.Richmond, Virginia.
Blue and the GrayBlue and the Gray
BlueBlue-the common color for most of -the common color for most of the Union army uniforms.the Union army uniforms.
GrayGray-the color of most of the -the color of most of the Southern army. Some soldiers wore a Southern army. Some soldiers wore a tan color called butternut. Many of tan color called butternut. Many of the soldiers dyed their own clothes in the soldiers dyed their own clothes in boiled walnut shells or other items to boiled walnut shells or other items to make their uniforms.make their uniforms.
Blue & GrayBlue & Gray
Billy Yank Billy Yank
YankeeYankee- nickname - nickname for people from the for people from the north…especially north…especially soldiers.soldiers.
Billy Yank-Billy Yank-a a nickname for the nickname for the Union soldier. The Union soldier. The Confederates called Confederates called the union soldiers, the union soldiers, Billy Yank.Billy Yank.
Johnny RebJohnny Reb
RebelRebel-nickname for -nickname for Confederate citizensConfederate citizens
Johnny Reb-Johnny Reb-nickname for nickname for Confederate Confederate soldiers. The Union soldiers. The Union soldiers called the soldiers called the Confederates, Confederates, Johnny Reb.Johnny Reb.
West PointWest Point West Point was a West Point was a
military post during military post during the American the American Revolution.Revolution.
It became a Military It became a Military Academy in 1802.Academy in 1802.
Many graduates from Many graduates from West Point fought as West Point fought as officers on both sides officers on both sides during the Civil war. during the Civil war. Some were even from Some were even from the same graduating the same graduating class.class.
And So It BeginsAnd So It Begins
18611861
April 12, 1861April 12, 1861
Fort Sumter, South Fort Sumter, South Carolina.Carolina.
Union fort on Union fort on Confederate Confederate territory.territory.
Confederate forces Confederate forces shell the fort for 34 shell the fort for 34 hours.hours.
The Union surrenders The Union surrenders and leaves the fort.and leaves the fort.
Generals of the Generals of the SouthSouth
Facts about the men who Facts about the men who fought.fought.
Confederate GeneralConfederate General
Southern General Southern General Pierre Gustave Pierre Gustave Toutant Toutant Beauregard Beauregard accepted the accepted the surrender of Fort surrender of Fort Sumter.Sumter.
He graduated from He graduated from West Point in 1838.West Point in 1838.
Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee attended Robert E. Lee attended West Point Military West Point Military Academy in 1829, Academy in 1829, graduating near the graduating near the top of his class.top of his class.
His home was in His home was in Arlington, Virginia-just Arlington, Virginia-just across the Potomac across the Potomac River from Washington, River from Washington, D.C.D.C.
He led the Confederate He led the Confederate army, also called the army, also called the Army of Northern Army of Northern Virginia.Virginia.
Lee on his horse, TravelerLee on his horse, Traveler
Arlington, VirginiaArlington, Virginia
Arlington was the Arlington was the home of General home of General Robert E. Lee and Robert E. Lee and his family.his family.
He was married to He was married to Mary Anna Mary Anna Randolph Custis. Randolph Custis. She was the great-She was the great-granddaughter of granddaughter of Martha Washington.Martha Washington.
Arlington HouseArlington House
Arlington House still Arlington House still stands in Arlington, stands in Arlington, Virginia.Virginia.
The land around the The land around the house became a house became a cemetery during the cemetery during the Civil War.Civil War.
It is now an honored It is now an honored burial ground for burial ground for soldiers and soldiers and presidents.presidents.
Arlington CemeteryArlington Cemetery
Tomb of the Unknown Tomb of the Unknown SoldierSoldier
Stonewall JacksonStonewall Jackson
Thomas Jonathan Jackson Thomas Jonathan Jackson was one of Lee’s best was one of Lee’s best generals.generals.
He graduated from West He graduated from West Point in 1846.Point in 1846.
His troops nicknamed His troops nicknamed him “Stonewall” because him “Stonewall” because he sat tall and steadyhe sat tall and steady-like -like a stonewalla stonewall, on his horse , on his horse during a battle.during a battle.
He was accidentally shot He was accidentally shot by confederate troops by confederate troops and died in May of 1863.and died in May of 1863.
JEB StuartJEB Stuart
James Ewell Brown James Ewell Brown (Jeb) Stuart(Jeb) Stuart
Graduated from Graduated from West Point in 1854.West Point in 1854.
He was a general He was a general in the confederate in the confederate Cavalry.Cavalry.
He died May 12, He died May 12, 1864.1864.
Union GeneralsUnion Generals
Maj. Gen. George B. Maj. Gen. George B. McClellanMcClellan
He graduated from He graduated from West Point in 1846.West Point in 1846.
He organized the He organized the Army of the Army of the Potomac-the Union Potomac-the Union Army.Army.
He planned well but He planned well but did not act with his did not act with his army and he was army and he was replaced.replaced.
Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside
He graduated from He graduated from West Point in 1847.West Point in 1847.
His funny whiskers His funny whiskers gave the name to gave the name to sideburns.sideburns.
Major General Philip Major General Philip SheridanSheridan
He graduated from West He graduated from West Point in 1853.Point in 1853.
He was in command of He was in command of Union Cavalry and fought Union Cavalry and fought in many major battles.in many major battles.
His statute in Chicago was His statute in Chicago was designed by Gutzon designed by Gutzon Borglum-the same man Borglum-the same man who designed Mount who designed Mount RushmoreRushmore
He is buried near Arlington He is buried near Arlington House in Arlington House in Arlington National Cemetery.National Cemetery.
William Tecumseh ShermanWilliam Tecumseh Sherman
He graduated from He graduated from West Point in 1840.West Point in 1840.
He captured the city He captured the city of Atlanta, Georgia, of Atlanta, Georgia, on November 14, on November 14, 1864.1864.
He then led his He then led his army to Savannah army to Savannah in a famous “March in a famous “March to the Sea.”to the Sea.”
Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant
His real name is Hiram His real name is Hiram Ulysses but someone Ulysses but someone spelled his name spelled his name incorrectly on his incorrectly on his application to West Point. application to West Point. They wrote Ulysses S. The They wrote Ulysses S. The S doesn’t mean anything.*S doesn’t mean anything.*
He graduated in1843 near He graduated in1843 near the bottom of his class.the bottom of his class.
He was given command of He was given command of the entire Union Army in the entire Union Army in 18641864..
* * Some sources say the S is for Simpson.Some sources say the S is for Simpson.
President GrantPresident Grant
Grant later became Grant later became the 18th President of the 18th President of the United States the United States and served two and served two terms from March 4, terms from March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1877. 1877.
His house in Galena, His house in Galena, Illinois is a museum Illinois is a museum open to visitors.open to visitors.
Clara BartonClara Barton
Angel of the battlefieldAngel of the battlefield
A woman ahead of her timeA woman ahead of her time
Clara was born Clara was born December 25, 1821. December 25, 1821.
She was a nurse She was a nurse during the Civil War.during the Civil War.
Many people Many people thought that women thought that women should not be should not be nurses in a war.nurses in a war.
The Angel of the BattlefieldThe Angel of the Battlefield
Clara helped collect Clara helped collect supplies for army supplies for army hospitals.hospitals.
She took care of She took care of wounded soldiers on wounded soldiers on the battlefield.the battlefield.
She organized the She organized the American Red Cross.American Red Cross.
She helped organize a She helped organize a way for soldiers and way for soldiers and families to find each families to find each other after the war.other after the war.
““War is cruelty”War is cruelty”
- Union General William T. - Union General William T. Sherman said this shortly before Sherman said this shortly before beginning his brutal March to the beginning his brutal March to the
SeaSea
By Any Other Name…By Any Other Name…
Many battles Many battles fought during the fought during the Civil War have two Civil War have two different names.different names.
The battles may The battles may have two different have two different names, but they names, but they are still the same are still the same battle.battle.
Union forces tended Union forces tended to name the battle to name the battle by the area, land, by the area, land, town or rivers town or rivers nearby.nearby.
Confederate forces Confederate forces named the battles named the battles for towns, buildings, for towns, buildings, inns and railroad inns and railroad stations.stations.
April 14, 1861April 14, 1861
Union forces Union forces evacuateevacuate Fort Fort Sumter in Sumter in Charleston, South Charleston, South Carolina.Carolina.
It remained in It remained in Confederate hands Confederate hands until February of until February of 1865.1865.
Bull Run/ManassasBull Run/ManassasJuly 21 1861July 21 1861
It is Located 25 It is Located 25 miles southwest of miles southwest of Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.
Most people thought Most people thought the war would be the war would be over with this one over with this one battle.battle.
The Union forces The Union forces were beaten and ran were beaten and ran back to Washington.back to Washington.
March 8-9,1862March 8-9,1862
The Confederate The Confederate Merrimac (Merrimac (renamed renamed CSS VirginiaCSS Virginia )and )and the Union the Union Monitor Monitor were two ships were two ships covered in iron. covered in iron. They battle for 2 They battle for 2 days. days.
It ends in a It ends in a drawdraw-no -no clear winner.clear winner.
Battle of Shiloh/Pittsburg Battle of Shiloh/Pittsburg LandingLanding
April 6/7, 1862April 6/7, 1862 The Confederates The Confederates
launch a surprise launch a surprise attack on Gen. attack on Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Ulysses S. Grant's unprepared troops unprepared troops at Shiloh on the at Shiloh on the Tennessee River.Tennessee River.
Second Battle of Bull Second Battle of Bull Run/ManassasRun/Manassas
August 29/30, 1862August 29/30, 1862 Gen. John Pope leads Gen. John Pope leads
75,000 Union soldiers 75,000 Union soldiers against 55,000 against 55,000 Confederates led by Confederates led by Gen. Stonewall Gen. Stonewall Jackson and Gen. Jackson and Gen. James Longstreet. James Longstreet.
The Union is defeated.The Union is defeated. Once again the Union Once again the Union
Army Army retreatsretreats to to Washington. Washington.
Antietam/SharpsburgAntietam/SharpsburgSeptember 17, 1862September 17, 1862
This is the bloodiest day This is the bloodiest day in U.S. military history as in U.S. military history as Gen. Robert E. Lee and Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Armies the Confederate Armies are stopped at are stopped at AntietamAntietam in Maryland. in Maryland.
By nightfall 26,000 men By nightfall 26,000 men are dead, wounded, or are dead, wounded, or missing. Lee then missing. Lee then withdraws to Virginia. withdraws to Virginia.
FredericksburgFredericksburgDecember 13, 1862December 13, 1862
Army of the Potomac losses are 12,653 Army of the Potomac losses are 12,653 men.men.
Confederate losses are 5,309. Confederate losses are 5,309.
Major Battle LocationsMajor Battle Locations
Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863January 1, 1863
President Abraham President Abraham Lincoln issues the Lincoln issues the Emancipation Emancipation Proclamation to Proclamation to free the slaves in free the slaves in the southern the southern states.states.
The Proclamation is on display The Proclamation is on display in Washington D.C.in Washington D.C.
Chancellorsville, VirginiaChancellorsville, Virginia
Union Army under Gen. Union Army under Gen. Hooker is defeated by Hooker is defeated by Lee's much smaller Lee's much smaller army.army.
Confederate Gen. Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson is Stonewall Jackson is mortallymortally wounded by wounded by his own soldiers.his own soldiers.
Union losses are Union losses are 17,000 killed, wounded 17,000 killed, wounded and missing out of and missing out of 130,000. The 130,000. The Confederates, 13,000 Confederates, 13,000 out of 60,000. out of 60,000.
Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaGettysburg, PennsylvaniaJuly 1-3, 1863July 1-3, 1863
160,000 men fight in the three day battle. 160,000 men fight in the three day battle.
Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge
The worst loss The worst loss happens with happens with “Pickett’s Charge.” “Pickett’s Charge.”
Southern Gen. Southern Gen. George Pickett George Pickett orders 12,000-orders 12,000-15,00 Confederate 15,00 Confederate troops to charge up troops to charge up a hill. a hill.
Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge
““General Lee, I have no General Lee, I have no division now” division now”
The charge lasts about 50 minutes.The charge lasts about 50 minutes. Pickett lost nearly 3,000 men (over half) of his Pickett lost nearly 3,000 men (over half) of his
Division. He lost all 15 regimental Division. He lost all 15 regimental commanders, including two Brigadier commanders, including two Brigadier Generals and six Colonels (high ranking Generals and six Colonels (high ranking officers and leaders of the army).officers and leaders of the army).
Afterward, Lee told Pickett to prepare his men Afterward, Lee told Pickett to prepare his men for a possible Union for a possible Union counterattackcounterattack. Pickett . Pickett replied, "General Lee, I have no division now." replied, "General Lee, I have no division now."
It was a complete disaster!It was a complete disaster!
The AftermathThe Aftermath
Confederate causalities Confederate causalities in dead, wounded and in dead, wounded and missing were 28,000 missing were 28,000 out of 75,000-about out of 75,000-about 37%37%
Union casualties were Union casualties were 23,000 out of 88,000-23,000 out of 88,000-about 26%about 26%
The battlefield becomes The battlefield becomes a cemetery for those a cemetery for those killed in the battle. killed in the battle.
Dedication of Gettysburg Dedication of Gettysburg November 19,1863November 19,1863
In November of 1863 the In November of 1863 the Battlefield becomes a Battlefield becomes a National Cemetery and a National Cemetery and a dedication ceremony is dedication ceremony is held.held.
Edward Evert gives a Edward Evert gives a speech that is almost 2 speech that is almost 2 hours long.hours long.
President Lincoln delivers a President Lincoln delivers a two minute Gettysburg two minute Gettysburg Address. Address.
In His Own HandIn His Own Hand
Gettysburg TodayGettysburg Today
Gettysburg is now Gettysburg is now a National Military a National Military Park.Park.
The battlefield, The battlefield, cemetery and cemetery and museum are open museum are open to visitors.to visitors.
November 1863-December November 1863-December 18641864
Union forces under Union forces under Generals Grant, Generals Grant, Sherman and Sherman and others, defeat others, defeat Confederate troops Confederate troops in battles named in battles named Chickamauga, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, and Chattanooga, and Cold Harbor.Cold Harbor.
The Fall of AtlantaThe Fall of AtlantaSeptember 2, 1864September 2, 1864
Atlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta, Georgia is captured by is captured by ShermanSherman's Army. 's Army.
Sherman heads to Sherman heads to Savannah, on the Savannah, on the coast of Georgia in coast of Georgia in what is known as what is known as the “March to the the “March to the Sea.”Sea.”
The End of SlaveryThe End of Slavery
Jan 31, 1865Jan 31, 1865 - The U.S. Congress - The U.S. Congress approves the Thirteenth Amendment approves the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, to to the United States Constitution, to abolish slavery. abolish slavery.
Lincoln’s Second Term in Lincoln’s Second Term in OfficeOffice
March 4, 1865March 4, 1865 - Inauguration - Inauguration ceremonies for President Lincoln are ceremonies for President Lincoln are held in Washington. "With malice held in Washington. "With malice toward none; with charity for all...let us toward none; with charity for all...let us strive on to finish the work we are strive on to finish the work we are in...to do all which may achieve and in...to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations," among ourselves, and with all nations," Lincoln says. Lincoln says.
April 1865April 1865
April 3, 1865, Union forces take the April 3, 1865, Union forces take the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.
Union forces under the command of Union forces under the command of Ulysses S Grant and Confederate forces Ulysses S Grant and Confederate forces under the command of Robert E. Lee under the command of Robert E. Lee prepare to fight near the town of prepare to fight near the town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia.Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
Lee is outnumbered and his troops are Lee is outnumbered and his troops are exhaustedexhausted..
Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court HouseApril 9, 1865April 9, 1865
General Lee General Lee surrenderssurrenders to Grant. to Grant. The Rebel officers The Rebel officers are allowed to keep are allowed to keep their side arms their side arms (swords & pistols) (swords & pistols) and the soldiers and the soldiers may keep their may keep their horses and mules.horses and mules.
The War is OverThe War is Over
April 14, 1865-Union April 14, 1865-Union troops move into troops move into Fort Sumter and Fort Sumter and raise the Stars and raise the Stars and Stripes.Stripes.
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln and his wife Mary and his wife Mary attend a play at attend a play at Ford’s Theater that Ford’s Theater that evening.evening.
Lincoln is AssassinatedLincoln is Assassinated
April 15, 1865April 15, 1865
The wounded The wounded president is carried president is carried across the street.across the street.
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln dies at 7:22am on dies at 7:22am on April 15, 1865.April 15, 1865.
The nation mourns The nation mourns the loss of their the loss of their leader.leader.
Lincoln’s body travels to Illinois Lincoln’s body travels to Illinois by train.by train.
He is buried in Springfield.He is buried in Springfield.
The Lincoln Memorial in The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.
The American Civil WarThe American Civil WarApril 12,1861-April 15, 1865April 12,1861-April 15, 1865..
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased
devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new
birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.-Abraham people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.-Abraham
LincolnLincoln
