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THE CLIMATE AND VEGETATION
Chapter 11: Section 2—Europe
Standards and Objectives
Standards H.S. 14 – Create and use maps, technology, imager, and other geographical
representations to extrapolate and interpret geographic data. HS63. Engage in informed and respectful deliberation and discussion of iss
ues, events, and ideas HS4. Investigate the historical development and impact of major scientific
and technological
Objectives
1. Compare and contrast the climate of Europe with that of the Oregon coast.
2. Analyze and compare the vegetation of Europe with that of the Oregon coast.
3. Interpret a variety of maps and graphs related to Europe’s climate and vegetation.
4. Examine a current scientific article about modern advances in the understanding of climate.
Bell Work: Pages 230-235
1. Define: chaparralMediterranean climate area of shrubs and short trees
2. In which country is the Black Forest located?Germany
3. What type of climate is found in northwestern Europe? Marine West Coast
4. How has human interaction affected the forests in Europe?Cut trees down for agriculture and industry; pollution kills trees
Europe’s Climate Regions
Climate is closely linked to northern latitude and proximity to large bodies of water
Question: Between what two lines of latitude are most of Europe and the northwest coast of the United States? Near what two large bodies of water are the northwest coasts of Europe and the U.S. located? What factors of climate might be affected by these characteristics:
Therefore….
Europe’s Climate Regions
Most of the continent has a mild climate Cities with the same latitude, like Winnipeg,
Canada, are colder in winter and warmer in summer
This is because Europe is a peninsula surrounded by water; water retains and releases heat much more slowly than land
Europe’s Climate Regions
Major Climate Regions Mostly Marine West
Coast Year-round moderate
temperatures 20-40 inches of
precipitation per year
Caused by winds that blow from the Atlantic
Europe’s Climate Regions
The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift are currents that bring warm water from the equatorial regions
The warm water heats the air above it and prevailing westerly winds blow that warm air over Europe
Even Norway has ice-free ports in winterTromso, Norway, 350 miles north of Arctic Circle
Europe’s Climate Regions
Southern Europe has mostly a Mediterranean climate Hot dry summers, mild rainy winters Alps block moist Atlantic winds In winter winds bring precipitation from the
MediterraneanLos Angeles and Athens at about the same latitude, shortest air route. Question: Since they are on the same latitude, why not just follow that line with the plane?
Europe’s Climate Regions
Siroccos, hot winds from North African deserts, bring dry desert air and dust to Spain, France, and Italy
Mistrals, cold Alpine winds, carry cold air to southern France
Bell Work: Page 237, Locating Places
Directions Use a separate sheet
of paper Number it 18 Title it: Locating Places
in Europe Number 1-10 Match the letter of
each place to the location. Write the letter and the name.
Answers1. B—British Isles2. G—Rhine River3. I—Sicily4. D—Apennine Mountains5. J—Danube River6. F—Mediterranean Sea7. C—Scandinavian
Peninsula8. H—Crete9. A—Iberian Peninsula10.E—Balkan Peninsula
Europe’s Climate Regions
North European Plains area has a humid continental climate Greater differences
in winter and summer temperatures because too far inland from ocean winds
Hot summers, very cold winters
Question: NYC is next to the ocean. Why do you think it such a harsh climate compared to London?
Europe’s Climate Regions
Other Climates Northern Italy has humid subtropical Some areas in Spain have steppe (semi-arid) Parts of Iceland and Scandinavia have
subarctic and tundra climates: extremely cold winters and short, cool summers; these areas are permafrost
A bustard on the Spanish steppe
Europe’s Climate Regions
Alps have a highland (mountain) climate with cooler temperatures and more precipitation Dry winds called
foehns blow down from the mountains
Can cause avalanches
Swiss dry snow avalanche with powder cloud
Europe’s Climate Regions
10 Things You Didn’t Know About Avalanches
Rock Avalanches on Mt. Rainier, Washington
Europe’s Vegetation
Focus on Geographic Themes—P. 232 What areas of Europe have coniferous forest?
Sweden, Finland, Alps area, part of Poland What vegetation area includes the British Isles,
France and Germany? Deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests
Where in Europe does chaparral vegetation thrive? Portugal, Spain and along the Mediterranean
Where are Europe’s grassland areas located? North European Plains, Spain, hungarian Basin
Europe’s Vegetation
Natural Vegetation Patterns Vegetation areas generally
match climate areas Marine West Coast climate
areas tend to have deciduous forests What are deciduous trees? Trees that lose their leaves, like ash, elm, oak, maple
Elm Tree
Europe’s Vegetation
Coniferous trees (trees with needles) are found in northern Europe and mountain areas—these include fir, pine and spruce
Name U.S. states that have Douglas
fir trees. What climate areas do
these states have in common? Nnnnnnnnnnnnn Compare this to the areas of Europe containing coniferous forest.
Europe’s Vegetation
Mediterranean climates include broad-leafed evergreens, like olive trees They do not lose their leaves in winter Leaves have a waxy coat that helps retain
water
Europe’s Vegetation
Grasslands make up the Northern European Plain; places with more rain have longer grasses and places with less rain have shorter grasses, like the Hungarian Basin
Dry Mediterranean areas have chaparral, or shrubs and short trees
The tundra of the Arctic region supports wild flowers, mosses and lichen in the summer
Europe’s Vegetation
Human Interaction Cut down most of the trees to clear space
for agriculture and to fuel industry Some countries, like Germany in the Black
Forest, regulate logging and require replanting
Unregulated air pollution from industry has ruined forests and other vegetation
Graph Study: Comparing Climate Regions
Paris, France
Directions:Line graph the average high (F), average low (F), precipitation (inches), average precipitation days, average sunshine days. What type of climate is this?
Capstone Project: Current Events
LoggingRead the articles on logging in Europe and logging in Oregon. Answer the questions relating to both articles.
Bibliography
1. Slide 1: Picto Pin—Discover Pictures to Pin
2. Slide 4: Stone, Greg; Prime Time; “Making Free Custom Charts for Your Night Sky;” August 18, 2009
3. Slide 5: Morten; The Community Works: Creating OGC Conformance Test Map; “Straight Lines on a Sphere;” 2008.
4. Slide 6: Pidwirny, Michael; The Encyclopedia of Earth; “Weather and Climate;” January 12, 2011.
5. Slide 7: Visit Norway; Norway Tourist Site; 2008-2014.
Bibliography
6. Slide 8: TimeandDate.com; Distance from Athens to Los Angeles.
7. Slide 9: Wikipedia Encyclopedia; Sirocco; February 14, 2014.
8. Slide 9: Arrow used courtesy ofWikipedia Commons.
9. Slide 10: Wikipedia Encyclopedia; Climate of Missouri; 2007.
Bibliography
11. Slide 11: Munoz, Juan Carlos, photographer; WildWonders.com; March 31, 2005.
12. Slide 12: Wikipedia Encyclopedia; Avalanche; February 20, 2014.
13. Slide 13: Doughton, Sandi; Huge Rock Avalanches Rumble Down Mt. Rainier; Seattle Times; June 28, 2011
14. Slide 15: Wikipedia Encyclopedia; Elm Tree; February 22, 2014.
Bibliography
Slide 16: Wikipedia Encyclopedia; Douglas Fir; February 15, 2014.
Slide 17: Wikipedia Encyclopedia; Olive Tree; March 3, 2014.
Slide 18: Tundra Slide 19: Lonely Planet Slide 20:
Paris Weather Data; Future City Lab