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Current therapies: where are we now?
We know that: • PwA find it difficult to generalise strategies taught in clinic based se6ngs to
everyday conversa9on (Kagan 1998, Purdy et al 1994). • Conversa9on training for CPs is effec9ve (Simmons-‐Mackie 2010). • It can also improve a PwA's conversa9on skills (Beckley et al 2013, Fox et al 2009,
Wilkinson & Wieleart 2012)
It seems that conversa7on training for a PwA has poten7al-‐ so how do we strengthen the evidence base? • Compare tradi9onal PwA strategy training approaches with conversa9on based
approaches e.g. BCA, SPPARC based approaches • Explore the factors that influence outcomes for people with aphasia e.g. cogni9on,
types of strategy targeted, profile of language deficits
The clinical application of CA in interventions for aphasia: Where are we now? Where should we be going? Firle Beckley1, 2, Suzanne Beeke 2 & Wendy Best 2 1Stroke Association Junior Research Training Fellow 2UCL Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Chandler House, 2 Wakefield Street, London WC1N 1PF Correspondence: [email protected] Website: http://firleb.wordpress.com) @firleb
Mul7-‐Modal Strategies
Interac7on (CA) Strategies
Natural Conversa7on
Ar7ficial Clinic Based Tasks
Promo9ng Aphasics Communica9ve Effec9veness (PACE) (Davis & Wilcox 1985)
Total Communica9on Training (Fawcus & Fawcus 1990) Supported Conversa9on
for Adults (SCA) TM
(Kagan 1998)
Communica9on Partner Training (McVicker 2009)
Suppor9ng Partners of People with Aphasia in Rela9onships & Conversa9on (SPPARC) (Lock et al 2001)
Be^er Conversa9ons with Aphasia (BCA) (Beeke et al 2011)
Conversa9on Coaching (Hopper et al 1994)
Communica9on Partners (Lyon 1997)
Therapy trains: Person with Aphasia (PwA) Conversa9on Partner (CP) Both (PwA & CP)
SPPARC based approaches (Fox et 2009, Wilkinson et al 2010, 2011)
Where should we be going? Helping people with aphasia have beJer conversa7ons: which therapy works best & why? My PhD Research Ques7ons 1. What type of speech and language therapy (a) Be^er Conversa9ons with Aphasia
Therapy or (b) Communica9on Strategy Training is most effec9ve at improving a PwA’s strategy use in everyday conversa9on?
2. Does a PwA's cogni9ve abili9es impact on the ability to change communica9on strategy use in conversa9on acer interven9on?
Methodology A mul9ple baseline case series therapy study with imbedded cross over interven9on (n=6) comparing 6 weeks Be^er Conversa9ons with Aphasia Therapy (ThA) to 6 weeks Communica9on Strategy Training (ThB).
Assessment Will include a full cogni7ve profile, 12 conversa7on samples and measures of wellbeing. Main outcome measures • The Aphasia Conversa7on Measure (Beeke et al unpublished) will quan9fy
changes in PwA mul9-‐modal strategy use in dyads videoed conversa9ons pre, post and between both interven9on phases.
• A modified version of Purdy & Koch’s (2006) Cogni7ve Flexibility Measure will
quan9fy changes in how a PwA switches between mul9-‐modal strategies in their conversa9ons pre, post and between both interven9on phases.
Analysis Changes in strategy use acer therapy will be analysed quan9ta9vely. Cogni9ve profile will be compared to a PwA’s conversa9on and wellbeing outcomes.
Factors thought to influence a PwA’s conversa7on outcomes
• AStude ”some)mes it was the partner’s a1tude that influenced the use of strategies e.g. by preferring the informant to prac)ce talking instead of using strategies” (Johansson et al 2012 p.150; also Turner & Whitworth 2006)
• Cogni7ve ability (Saldert et al 2012)
• Both may limit a PwA’s opportunity for strategy use (Johansson et al 2012)
• Research has suggested, independent of language deficit, a link between:
• Execu7ve func7on and conversa9on management (Frankel et al 2007; Wielaert 2011)
• Cogni7ve flexibility and flexible use of strategies in func9onal communica9on tasks (Purdy & Koch 2006)
• Novel vs. expanded: there is a difference between “new learning” and “expanding upon” spontaneous strategies” (Simmons-‐Mackie & Damico 1997; Kraat 1990; Purdy et al 1994)
• Automa7c vs. efforVul (Simmons-‐Mackie & Damico 1997): there is a difference between revealing a PwA’s communica9ve abili9es indirectly as a consequence of CP conversa9on changes (Kagan 1998; Wilkinson et al 2010) and “ac9ve training” of mul9-‐modal strategy use in conversa9on (Beckley et al 2013)
Conversa9on Partner
Execu9ve Func9on Strategy
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