The Cofone Family History 2nd Edition Revised

8/13/2019 The Cofone Family History 2nd Edition Revised

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@octgcts

MGMN@D]NOC........................................................................................................ 5

D@LCOUBGMEGJGC]P .................................................................................... 5Y[GFD@G ............................................................................................................. >@HDY]G[ 4 - NP N] PYGBBGM @OFOCG O[ @DFOCG? .................................. 4=@HDY]G[ ; - ]HG AOW[CG^ ]O ]HG CGU BDCM ......................................... 45Cdtdbg @ofocg .................................................................................................... 48Dcegbd Edkrngbg ................................................................................................. ;8@HDY]G[ 0]HG JD[[NDEG OF CD]DBG & DCEGBD ................................ 00Gdrby Bnfg ............................................................................................................ 08Off to Ygccsybvdcnd .......................................................................................... 08Cgxt Ptop1 Jnccgsotd ....................................................................................... =0

Kd`l to Ntdby ....................................................................................................... ==

Kd`l to thg WP................................................................................................... =6@HDY]G[ =E[DCMYD JNBN]D[^ PG[VN@G ............................................... =>@HDY]G[ 6 - ]HG DJG[N@DC HOJGP]GDMP ............................................... 76]hg Cutbgy Housg .............................................................................................. 76

]hg Cutbgy Housg Fnrg.................................................................................... 60]hg Bycmhurst Housg ....................................................................................... 59@HDY]G[ 5- OW[ E[DCMYD[GC]P FDJNB^ & DC@GP]O[P .................... 5>]hg Fdjnbys Egoerdphn` Ornencs .................................................................... 84


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Krngf Dc`ngct Hnstory ........................................................................................ 8;D`rn Egoerdphy ................................................................................................. 80Mgjoerdphn`s ................................................................................................... 87]hg Ntdbndc Hojgstgdm ...................................................................................... 86Dc`gstrdb Bncgs ................................................................................................. 85

CD]DBG @OFOCG .......................................................................................... 88Njjgmndtg Fdjnby ........................................................................................ 88

Cdtdbg @ofocgs Dc`gstors .............................................................................. >>Erdcmpd Cdtdbgs Ydtgrcdb Erdcmpdrgcts.................................................... >>Erdcmpd Cdtdbgs Ydtgrcdb Ergdt-Erdcmpdrgcts........................................ 490Erdcmpd Cdtdbgs Ydtgrcdb Ergdt-Ergdt Erdcmpdrgcts .............................. 498Erdcmpd Cdtdbgs Ydtgrcdb Ergdt-Ergdt-Ergdt Erdcmpdrgcts ................... 440Erdcmpd Cdtdbgs Jdtgrcdb Erdcmpdrgcts................................................. 44=Erdcmpd Cdtdbgs Jdtgrcdb Ergdt-Erdcmpdrgcts ....................................... 445Erdcmpd Cdtdbgs Jdtgrcdb Ergdt-Ergdt-Erdcmpdrgcts ............................. 4;4Erdcmpd Cdtdbgs Jdtgrcdb Ergdt-Ergdt-Ergdt Erdcmpdrgcts ................... 4;5

Cdtdbg @ofocg Ygmnergg @hdrt ....................................................................... 4;>DCEGBD EDK[NGBG ..................................................................................... 404

Njjgmndtg Fdjnby ...................................................................................... 404Dcegbd Edkrngbgs Dc`gstors......................................................................... 406

Erdcmjd Dcegbds Ydtgrcdb Erdcm Ydrgcts.............................................. 406Erdcmjd Dcegbds Ydtgrcdb Ergdt Erdcm Ydrgcts..................................... 405Erdcmjd Dcegbds Ydtgrcdb Ergdt-Ergdt Erdcm Ydrgcts .......................... 40>Erdcmjd Dcegbds Ydtgrcdb Ergdt-Ergdt-Ergdt Erdcm Ydrgcts ................ 4=0Erdcmjd Dcegbds Jdtgrcdb Erdcm Ydrgcts.............................................. 4==


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Erdcmjd Dcegbds Jdtgrcdb Ergdt Erdcm Ydrgcts.................................... 4=6Erdcmjd Dcegbds Jdtgrcdb Ergdt-Ergdt Erdcm Ydrgcts .......................... 479Erdcmjd Dcegbds Jdtgrcdb Ergdt-Ergdt-Ergdt Erdcm Ydrgcts ................ 47=

Dcegbd Edkrngbg Ygmnergg @hdrt .................................................................... 477@HDY]G[ 8 - ]HG FDJNB^ CN@LCDJGP ...................................................... 475@HDY]G[ >]UO WC@BGP UG CGVG[ LCGU .......................................... 46;Dcegbo @ofocg ................................................................................................ 466Dbfocso @ofocg ............................................................................................... 459Othgr @hnbmrgc ................................................................................................. 457@HDY]G[ 49NCPNEH] NC]O FDJNB^ BNFG ................................................ 45>

Gxtgcmgm Fdjnby ............................................................................................ 48=Erdcmpd Uds D Ptrn`t Jdc ............................................................................ 485Erdcmpds Egctbg Hgdrt................................................................................ 485]hg @drcnvdb .................................................................................................. 48>

Duct Jdry Ptorngs .......................................................................................... 4>4Erdcmpds wdeocs........................................................................................ 4>0Boungs Knlg ................................................................................................... 4>=Boungs Jotor`y`bg ......................................................................................... 4>=

Dcnjdb Ptorngs ............................................................................................... 4>7Wc`bg Anjjy Ptorngs ...................................................................................... 4>6Cn`lcdjgs .................................................................................................... 4>>Erdcmjds Jgmn`db Plnbbs ............................................................................ 4>>Erdcmpd Eogs ]o Adnb ................................................................................... ;99]rynce ]o Purvnvg ]hg Mgprgssnoc ................................................................ ;9=


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Fdjnby Frngcm Jdbbdrngbo @hnjgcto ................................................................ ;97Duct Agdc Ptorngs .......................................................................................... ;96Duct ]gssng ................................................................................................... ;95Duct Fborng ..................................................................................................... ;98Duct Aosng ..................................................................................................... ;9>Kdptnsjdb [g`orms ........................................................................................ ;9>Ygrsocdb [g`obbg`tnocs .................................................................................. ;4;

Duct ]gssng dcm Wc`bg Cdt ............................................................................. ;;5Wc`bg Anjjy dcm Duct [osng ........................................................................ ;05Duct Aosng dcm huskdcm 4 ............................................................................. ;=;Duct Aosng dcm Wc`bg Gmmng ........................................................................... ;=;Duct Jdry dcm huskdcm 4 .............................................................................. ;=7Duct Jdry dcm Wc`bg Poccy .......................................................................... ;=5Duct Fborng dcm Wc`bg [gm ............................................................................. ;79Wc`bg Boung dcm Duct Dceng .......................................................................... ;75Duct Agdc dcm Wc`bg Boung ............................................................................ ;60@HDY]G[ 4;- NC PG[VN@G ]O OW[ @OWC][^ ............................................ ;66Wc`bg Poccy .................................................................................................... ;68Wc`bg Gmmng ..................................................................................................... ;54Wc`bg [gm ........................................................................................................ ;50Wc`bg Boung @ofocg ........................................................................................ ;57Wc`bg Boung Jgeenobdro ................................................................................. ;56@HDY]G[ 40]HG UD^ ]HG^ UG[G ......................................................... ;5>


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@HDY]G[ 4=FDJNB^ E[DVGPN]GP .......................................................... ;87@HDY]G[ 47 - ]HG PG@OCM EGCG[D]NOC ................................................ ;>4Anjjy dcm Boung Eo to Udshncetoc ............................................................. ;>;Duct Aosng, Duct Agdc dcm thg Hnbb ................................................................ ;>8GYNBOEWG ....................................................................................................... ;>>DYYGCMN@GP................................................................................................... 09;@ofocg Fdjnby Dkkrgvndtgm ]njg Bncg .......................................................... 09;[gbdtnocshnp @hdrt .......................................................................................... 097@ofocg Cdjg Mnstrnkutnoc nc Ntdby ................................................................. 096Edkrngbg Cdjg Mnstrnkutnoc nc Ntdby ............................................................... 095NCMGX ............................................................................................................... 098


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Mgmn`dtnoc

For Erdcmpd dcm Erdcmjd dcm dbb thgnr pdst, prgsgct dcm futurg egcgrdtnocs.

D`lcowbgmegjgcts

]hns hnstorn`db d`òuct dcm jgjonr woubm cgvgr hdvg kggc possnkbg wgrg

nt cot for thg òctrnkutnocs or rgsgdr`h gfforts of jdcy pgopbg. ]hroueh jdcy

nctgrvngws dcm thg òctrnkutnocs of photos dcm moùjgcts N wds dkbg to bgdrc

sojg nctgrgstnce ncforjdtnoc dkout our fdjnbys gdrby ygdrs hgrg nc thg Wcntgm

Ptdtgs. N fggb nt ns njportdct to rgòecnzg sgvgrdb pgopbg who pdssgm oc fnrst-

hdcm d`òucts of fdjnby òccg`tnocs dcm gvgcts. ]hosg pgrsocs drg jy pdrgcts

Bouns @ofocg dcm Dcegbd @ofocg, jy ducts [osg @dfocg, Jdry Drd`g, Agdc

Jgeenobdro dcm ]gssng Pnjocg. Dbso nc`bumgm nc thns `dtgeory drg jy ergdt-uc`bg

Cuczndto @ofocg dcm Erdcmpds cng`g @hrnstncd Pdppornto dcm òusncs [osg dcm

Frdcl Dmrdecd, Aog Pnjocg, dcm [n`h Pnjocg. ]hosg who dssnstgm mnrg`tby nc

thg rgsgdr`h wgrg jy wnfg Kdrkdrd @ofocg, jy snstgrs Jdrng Lgdrcs dcm [osgDcc @ofocg-Ptgwdrt, dcm òusncs Aohc @dfocg dcm Ednb (Dmrdecd) Jdurnbbo.

Othgr òusncs froj thg @ofocg, @dfocg, Kob`dto, Jgeenobdro, Myeus dcm

Dmrdecd bncg provnmgm hgbp wnth photos dcm moùjgcts dcm rgòuctnce storngs

pdssgm mowc to thgj. N dpoboenzg to thosg N jdy hdvg foreottgc.

N dbso cggm to d`lcowbgmeg d jdc who ns co mnrg`t rgbdtnoc dcm whoj N

hdvg cgvgr jgt nc pgrsoc. Hns cdjg ns Gmwdrm Krocgalo dcm N kgbngvg hg bnvgs nc

@dbnforcnd. Gm ns d enftgm Egcgdboenst who hds egcgrousby envgc hns tnjg dcm

gffort to provnmg Ntdbndc hnstorn`db fdjnby ncforjdtnoc edrcgrgm froj d mdtdkdsg of

offn`ndb D`rn knrth, mgdth dcm jdrrndeg rgòrms thdt hg hds nc hns possgssnoc dcm


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whn`h mdtg kgtwggc 489> dcm 4>49. N hdvg òjg to bgdrc thdt Gm hds dssnstgm

jdcy pgopbg who wgrg dcm drg sgglnce fdjnbndb mdtd froj southgrc Ntdby dcm nc

pdrtnùbdr D`rn, thg `rdmbg of our fdjnbys ornenc. Ky d strolg of bu`l N gcòuctgrgm

Gm oc thg nctgrcgt whnbg sgglnce sour`g ncforjdtnoc rgedrmnce our fdjnbys

hgrntdeg dcm pgmnergg. Ju`h, nf cot jost, of whdt you wnbb rgdm dkout rgedrmnce

thg dc`gstors of Cdtdbg @ofocg dcm Dcegbd Edkrngbg hds kggc pdrdphrdsgm or

tdlgc mnrg`tby froj mdtd Gm hds erd`nousby provnmgm dcm gxpbdncgm.

]hns worl wds mocg to provnmg prgsgct dcm futurg egcgrdtnocs d hnstorn`db

kd`leroucm of thg kgenccnces of our krdc`h of thg @ofocg fdjnby koth hgrg nc thg

Wcntgm Ptdtgs dcm nc Ntdby.

D`òrmnce to thg W.P. `gcsus kurgdu nc 4>>9, @ofocg ns thg 5=,955thjost

popubdrbdst cdjg (surcdjg) nc thgWcntgm Ptdtgs.970 \Pour`g@KCZ
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Yrgfd`g

]hns ns thg sgòcm gmntnoc of our fdjnbys hnstory. ]hns gmntnoc ns

mnffgrgctndtgm froj dc gdrbngr vgrsnoc bdregby mug to d``gss of ncforjdtnoc

òctdncgm nc Ntdbndc knrth, mgdth dcm jdrrndeg rgòrms thdt wgrg cot dvdnbdkbg

whgc thg fnrst gmntnoc wds rgbgdsgm sgvgrdb ygdrs deo. ]hns gmntnoc dbso òctdncs

sojg ncforjdtnoc froj othgr eovgrcjgctdb rgòrms su`h ds @gcsus dcm Jnbntdry

rgòrms whn`h wgrg prgvnousby cot d``gssnkbg.

]hg proag`t, whn`h ncvobvgm jdcy hours of rgsgdr`h, ncvgstnedtnoc dcm

wrntnce, d`tudbby kgedc jdcy ygdrs deo. Ds d lnm N rg`dbbgm hgdrnce fdjnby storngs

tobm to jg ky Erdcmjd, jy pdrgcts, dcm sojg of our ducts dcm uc`bgs dcm N

wocmgrgm nf sojg of thg storngs wgrg trug or jgrgby fn`tnocdbnzgm d`òucts of

gvgcts thdt trdcspnrgm thosg jdcy ygdrs deo. N projnsgm jysgbf thdt ocg mdy, nf

tnjg pgrjnttgm, N woubm try to shgm sojg bneht oc our fdjnbys hnstory. Nt wds nc

4>>; thdt N kgedc thg ncntndb ncvgstnedtnoc ncto whdt hds provgc to kg d fds`ncdtnce

dbkgnt, protrd`tgm gcmgdvor.

Pnc`g ;990 sgjn-rgtnrgjgct hds provnmgm jg jorg tnjg to gxpborg our

fdjnbys hnstory, kut ucfortucdtgby mug to bnfgs mgjdcms d proag`t su`h ds thns `dc

ocby kg òcmu`tgm nc d png`gjgdb fdshnoc. Uhdt ns prgsgctgm hgrg ocby s`rdt`hgs

thg surfd`g. ôu wnbb rgdm fd`tudb d`òucts kdsgm upoc moùjgctgm gvnmgc`g

dcm d`tudbby vngw òpngs of sojg of thg gvnmgc`g. ôu wnbb dbso rgdm ncforjdtnoc

thdt wds provnmgm to jg ky gygwntcgssgs who wgrg prgsgct whgc `grtdnc gvgcts

ucfobmgm. Aust ds nc ;990 whgc N stdrtgm to sgt thns d`òuct to pdpgr, sdmby,

tomdy nc ;94; thgrg drg hdrmby dcy gygwntcgssgs rgjdncnce. Of thg ornencdb sgvgc

òjjocby lcowc survnvnce @ofocg `hnbmrgc ocby Duct Jdry dcm Duct Agdc

rgjdnc dcm of thg ornencdb nc-bdws, jy jothgr Dcegbd dcm Duct [osng drg stnbb wnth


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us. Cow nc jy bdtg 79s, N hdvg oftgc rgergttgm thdt N hdm cot spolgc to our boce

eocg rgbdtnvgs dcm fdjnby frngcms dkout thg ornencs dcm gdrby tnjgs of our fdjnby

koth hgrg dcm nc thg obm òuctry. Froj tnjg to tnjg N wnbb dssgrt jy owc

rgòbbg`tnocs of thg fdjnbys pdst, bnjntgm thoueh thgy jdy kg, to hgbp gjphdsnzg

d fd`t or to hgbp you njdencg how thnces wgrg.

Bnlg dbb fdjnbngs ours hdm nts mnffnùbt jojgcts. Kgsnmgs trden` gvgcts su`h

ds thg prgjdturg mgdths of sojg of our jgjkgrs, thgrg wgrg gxtgcmgm pgrnoms

of tnjg, su`h ds nc thg jnm to bdtg 69s whgc, mug to d jdaor fdjnby fgum, `grtdnc

fdjnby jgjkgrs mnm cot spgdl to ocg dcothgr, ]hg mgrnsnoc nc thg fdjnby bdstgm

for dpproxnjdtgby 47 ygdrs, kut fortucdtgby thg fdjnby rgsobvgm thgnr mnffgrgc`gsdcm rgucntgm dednc. Nssugs surroucmnce jocgy dcm propgrty oftgc provolgm

gvgcts su`h ds thgsg. ]roukbgm tnjgs `grtdncby hgbpgm to forj thg fdkrn` of our

fdjnby dcm for sojg thg jgjorngs jdy stnbb kg ucòjfortdkbg dt sojg bgvgb. Nc

thg tdkbonm mrnvgc so`ngty of thg gdrby ;4st@gctury nctnjdtg mgtdnbs of fdjnby

s`hnsjs jneht kg rgbnshgm ky sojg. Howgvgr, thns gcmgdvor ns cot d tdkbonm dcm

sojg thnces drg kgttgr bgft ucsdnm. ]hgrgforg you wnbb cot rgdm dkout nctnjdtgby

mgtdnbgm d`òuctnces of su`h gvgcts othgr thdc pgrhdps d krngf pdssdeg

òctdncgm djoce thg ncforjdtnoc prgsgctgm throuehout thns scdpshot of thg

@ofocg fdjnby. ]hns worl ns jgrgby d wncmow to our pdst dcm sgrvgs ds d

rgfgrgc`g of whgrg wg hdvg kggc.

Ds N dbbumgm to dkovg, d jdaor rgergt N hdvg ns thdt ygdrs deo N mnm cot snt

mowc wnth sojg of thg pgopbg you wnbb rgdm dkout to rgòrm sojg of thgnr

d`òucts of thg pdst dcm qugstnoc thgj dkout thg jdaor gvgcts of our fdjnbys

hnstory. Fortucdtgby, ovgr thg òursg of prgpdrnce thns dttgjptgm hnstorn`db

d`òuct N wds dkbg to spgdl to thg fnrst egcgrdtnoc Djgrn`dcs of thg @ofocg

fdjnby dcm edrcgr sojg usgfub ncforjdtnoc. Nt woubm kg wocmgrfub nf wg òubm dbb

rgòrm storngs dcm ncforjdtnoc dkout our lncfobl bgdrcgm froj our pdrgcts dcm


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rgbdtnvgs dcm prgsgrvg nt for thg postgrnty of our fdjnby. ]hns ns dc njjgmndtg

`hdbbgceg to thosg of us nc thg sgòcm Djgrn`dc-korc egcgrdtnoc ds wg drg cow

thg cgdrgst duthorntdtnvg sour`g. Dcothgr rgbdtgm rgergt N hdvg ns thdt jdcy of thg

pgopbg of whn`h N spgdl nc thg pdegs thdt fobbow drg cot hgrg to rgdm thns

d`òuctnce.

Nc gxdjncnce whdt fobbows, you wnbb dbso bgdrc sojgthnce dkout your roots

nc thg obm òuctry. ôu wnbb fncm out whgrg wg `djg froj dcm d bnttbg dkout how

wg eot hgrg. Ocby rg`gctby, wnth thg hgbp of d egctbgjdc N jgctnocgm nc thg

d`lcowbgmegjgcts, Gm Krocgalo, hdvg wg kggc envgc ncsneht to sojg bncgs of

our fdjnbys roots thdt mdtg kd`l to thg bdtg 4599s. N wnbb provnmg whdt N hdvgbgdrcgm throueh Gm. Nc jy possgssnoc drg òpngs of d`tudb knrth, mgdth, dcm

jdrrndeg rgòrms thdt hg provnmgm. Ygrhdps ocg mdy, shoubm d @ofocg fdjnby

wgksntg gvgr òjg ncto gxnstgc`g, thosg òpngs of thg d`tudb moùjgcts `dc kg

mnspbdygm for dbb to pgrusg. Dcothgr thnce to lggp nc jncm ns thdt sojg of thg

fdjnby òccg`tnocs froj thg jnm-4899s dcm gdrbngr drg gxtrdpobdtgm or othgrwnsg

surjnsgm. Ds su`h, thgrg ns dbwdys sojg uc`grtdncty nc thg mdtd.

N hdvg mg`nmgm to foùs jost of jy ncvgstnedtnoc oc thg gdrby ygdrs

kgenccnce wnth Erdcmpd dcm Erdcmjds drrnvdb nc Djgrn`d dcm òctncunce up

throueh thg fnrst sgvgrdb mg`dmgs of thg twgctngth `gctury. Uhnbg thdt soucms bnlg

d jdaor ucmgrtdlnce thg truth ns thgrg ns cot ds ju`h fd`tudb ncforjdtnoc dkout

our hnstory throueh thdt pgrnom ds N wds hopnce dcm dkbg to ucòvgr. N `dc tgbb you

thdt bnlg jdcy fdjnbngs, ovgr thg ygdrs our fdjnby hds sggc sojg wocmgrfub tnjgs

ds wgbb ds tujubtuous dcm trden` tnjgs. Jy hopg ns thdt ocg-mdy sojgocg gbsg

froj pgrhdps jy egcgrdtnoc or d egcgrdtnoc to fobbow wnbb òctncug wnth thns worl.


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Nc ;99> our fdjnby `gbgkrdtgm nts 499th Dccnvgrsdry of kgnce nc thg Wcntgm

Ptdtgs. Wcfortucdtgby nt wds too mnffnùbt to or`hgstrdtg d fdjnby gc`bdvg to

òjjgjordtg thg gvgct òbbg`tnvgby. Ds our fdjnby òctncugs to erow wg fncm

oursgbvgs jovnce furthgr dpdrt. Uhnbg thns ns d sdm kut trug fd`t of bnfg, nt ns dbso d

cdturdb proergssnoc. Our fdjnby hds erowc so ju`h murnce nts fnrst hucmrgm ygdrs

hgrg nc thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs. Ug drg ùrrgctby up to thg fourth Djgrn`dc korc

egcgrdtnoc of @ofocg mgs`gcmdcts. Bnfg nc thg twgcty-fnrst `gctury ns cot ds

snjpbg ds nt wds nc thg 4>79s dcm 4>69s, whn`h wds d tnjg whgc thosg of us nc

thg sgòcm Djgrn`dc egcgrdtnoc wgrg `hnbmrgc or youce dmubts. Jomgrc bnfg hds

kroueht us so jdcy okbnedtnocs dcm rgspocsnknbntngs thdt nt ns gxtrgjgby mnffnùbt, nf

cot njpossnkbg, to jdlg tnjg for gxtgcmgm fdjnby. Ds thg `bn`h eogs, wg sggj

ocby to `dt`h up dt fucgrdbs dcm o``dsnocdb wgmmnces. Nrocn`dbby, thgsg vgry

gvgcts thdt hdvg hgbpgm us to jdnctdnc our fdjnby kocms, sdmby, nc tnjg, ds thg

fdjnby òctncugs to gxpdcm, wnbb co bocegr prgsgct dc opportucnty to òjg

toegthgr. Wbtnjdtgby thg fdjnby bncg kgòjgs so wnmgsprgdm thdt wg wnbb

gvgctudbby bosg thg lcowbgmeg of who our kboom rgbdtnvgs drg. Kgyocm thg

egcgrdtnocs njjgmndtgby kgforg dcm dftgr our owc wg mo cot gvgc lcow thg

cdjgs of our òusncs or whgrg thgy bnvg dcm whdt thgy mo. Po pgrhdps for futurg

egcgrdtnocs d short wrnttgc hnstory su`h ds thns wnbb sgrvg ds d rgjncmgr of our

fdjnbys aourcgy, dt bgdst ds nt kgedc hgrg nc Djgrn`ddcm wnth sojg rgfbg`tnoc

towdrms nts ornencs nc Ntdby.

Ug wgrg bu`ly ygdrs deo to aonc toegthgr for d fdjnby rgucnoc. Ygrhdps wg

`dc gcmgdvor to mo thg sdjg dednc sojgtnjg nc thg futurg.

N woubm bnlg to thdcl dbb of you who edvg sojg tnjg to hgbp jg nc thns

gcmgdvor. For ds boce ds possnkbg N wnbb òctncug to jdnctdnc thns rgposntory of our

fdjnby hnstory. N woubm dsl gd`h of you to pbgdsg òctd`t jg to shdrg whdtgvgr

fd`ts dcm jgjorngs you woubm bnlg to dmm to thns hnstorn`db d`òuct. Nf dcm whgc


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su`h dmmntnocdb ncforjdtnoc kg`ojgs dvdnbdkbg dcm nt ns of suffn`ngct qudctnty dcm

qudbnty, N wnbb, nf dkbg, pukbnsh suksgqugct gmntnocs. Dcm of `oursg dcy su`h

upmdtgm ncforjdtnoc wnbb kg jdmg dvdnbdkbg to dbb nc our fdjnby.


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@hdptgr 4 - Ns nt spgbbgm @Ofocg or @Dfocg?

]hgrg hds dbwdys kggc d qugstnoc ds to thg òrrg`t spgbbnce of thg fdjnby s

bdst cdjg. Erdcmpds offn`ndb knrth `grtnfn`dtg (d 4>05 òpy dttd`hgm) shows thdt

thg spgbbnce of hns bdst cdjg ns @Ofocg.

N dj cot quntg surg how thg @Dfocg vgrsnoc eot stdrtgm kut N suspg`t nt

just kg rgbdtgm to how thg cdjg soucms nc procuc`ndtnoc. Erdcmpd's jnbntdry

mns`hdreg pdpgrs hdvg thg cdjg `bgdrby spgbbgm ds @Dfocg, ygt hns cdturdbnzdtnoc

pdpgrs show thg spgbbnce ds @Ofocg. ]hg drjy prokdkby spgbbgm nt phocgtn`dbby

dcm hgc`g thg @Dfocg mgrnvdtnvg.

N mnstnc`tby rgjgjkgr Erdcmpd dcm Erdcmjd procouc`nce thg cdjg dcm

gjphdsnznce thg @O soucm. Wc`bg Anjjy ns usudbby `rgmntgm ds thg fnrst ocg of

Erdcmpd dcm Erdcmjds `hnbmrgc to òcs`nousby usg thg @D vgrsnoc, whn`h hg

bnlgby mnm whgc hg wds vgry youce. Hg jdy hdvg kdsgm hns mg`nsnoc oc how thg

cdjg soucmgm or pgrhdps hg tool thg spgbbnce froj Erdcmpds jnbntdry pdpgrs. N

dj cot surg how nt ns

spgbbgm oc Wc`bg Anjjys

knrth `grtnfn`dtg, kut N

suspg`t nt bnlgby ns thg @D

mgrnvdtnvg. Ug mo lcow

howgvgr, thdt thg offn`ndb Kdptnsjdb [genstgr froj Hoby Fdjnby @hur`h hds Wc`bg

Anjjys cdjg bnstgmvgry `bgdrby ds Vnc`gczo @Ofocg. Dc ucmdtgm cotdtnoc nc

thg bdst òbujc of thg [genstgr ncmn`dtgs thdt Fdthgr @uzzncn hds sggc pdpgrs

whn`h ncmn`dtg thdt Wc`bg Anjjy bgedbby `hdcegm hns cdjg. ]hg spgbbnce nc thg

rgòrm sggjs to rgdm Adjgs @Ofocg howgvgr thg cotdtnoc wds prokdkby jgdct

to spgbb nt @Dfocg.

WCMD]GM CO]D]NOC NC WC@BG ANJJ^P 4>;4KDY]NPJDB [G@O[MNCMN@D]NCE HG BGEDBB^ @HDCEGM HNP CDJG


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]HG KN[]H @G[]NFN@D]G OF J^ E[DCMFD]HG[ CD]DBG @OFOCG

Jy fdthgr fobbowgm sunt wnth thg @D spgbbnce nc thg bdtg 4>89s or gdrby

4>>9s jostby out of frustrdtnoc wnth pgopbg dcm thg eovgrcjgct aust spgbbnce nt

thdt wdy. Howgvgr ds `hnbmrgc jy snstgrs dcm N wgrg tdueht thg @Ofocg spgbbnce.

Ds ncmn`dtgm, gvnmgc`g of thg òrrg`t spgbbnce `dc kg foucm oc Erdcmpds

knrth `grtnfn`dtg. ]hg moùjgct ncmn`dtgs thdt hg wds korc oc Mg`gjkgr 44, 4888

to pdrgcts Vnc`gczo dcm ]grgsd (cgg Fdkkrn`dtorg) @Ofocg. Erdcmpd's mgdth

`grtnfn`dtg ncmn`dtgs Mg`gjkgr ;;, 4>66 ds thg mdtg of mgdth dcm thg spgbbnce

thgrg ns @Dfocg. ]hg sour`g of

thns spgbbnce ns trd`gm to Wc`bg

Anjjy who wds mnrg`tby

ncvobvgm nc Erdcmpds fucgrdb

drrdcegjgcts.

Kgyocm Erdcmpds knrth

`grtnfn`dtg N dbso hdvg d òpyof Erdcmpds fdthgr's knrth

`grtnfn`dtg thdt `bgdrby shows

thg spgbbnce ds @Ofocg. ]hg

moùjgct ncmn`dtgs thdt

Vnc`gczo @Ofocg, who wds

korc oc Fgkrudry ;=, 4876,

(Wc`bg Anjjy wds bnlgby

cdjgm dftgr hns erdcmfdthgr),

wds thg soc of Bunen @Ofocg

(jy fdthgr wds prokdkby cdjg dftgr hns ergdt erdcmfdthgr) dcm Jdrnd (cgg

@os`hnecdco). (Duct Jdry jdy hdvg kggc cdjgm dftgr hgr pdtgrcdb


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ergdt erdcmjothgr). Ds dc nctgrgstnce snmgkdr you wnbb bgdrc nc d bdtgr `hdptgr thdt

dmmrgssgs Erdcmpdsdc`gstors, ns thdt hns Erdcmjothgr Jdrnds bdst cdjg wds

cot @os`hnecdco ds ncmn`dtgm oc thg Vnc`gczos knrth `grtnfn`dtg. Unth gd`h

prg`gmnce egcgrdtnoc thg spgbbnce of thg fdjnby cdjg dppgdrs nc thg Ntdbndc

rg`orms ds @Ofocg.

Erdcmpd's knrth `grtnfn`dtg ncmn`dtgs hns jothgr ]grgsd (Duct ]gssng wds

prokdkby cdjgm dftgr hgr erdcmjothgr) wds korc to Fnbnppo Fdkkrn`dtorg dcm

Bunsd (cgg Nctrngrn) oc Pgptgjkgr 4, 4876. Jorg oc fdjnbndb bncgs wnbb fobbow nc dc

gcsunce `hdptgr.


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48

]HG PP NCMNDCD NP ]HG PHNY ]HD] K[OWEH] CD]DBG

@OFOCG ]O ]HG WCN]GM P]D]GP NC 4>96.

]hg d`òuct of Erdcmpd dcm Erdcmjds njjnerdtnoc to thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs

ns edrcgrgm jostby froj njjnerdtnoc rgòrms. ]hgy drrnvgm murnce d pgrnom thdt

bgdm up to thg hneh ponct ofNtdbndc njjnerdtnoc to thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs whn`h,

d`òrmnce to Unlnpgmnd, rgd`hgm nts pgdl nc thg 4>49s. Nt ns `bdnjgm thdt ovgr two

jnbbnoc Ntdbndcs njjnerdtgm nc thg gdrby twgctngth `gctury dbocg. [gòrms ncmn`dtg

thdt d totdb of 7.0 jnbbnoc Ntdbndcs njjnerdtgm to thg W.P. kgtwggc 4889 dcm 4>;9.

]wo of thosg jnbbnocs of Ntdbndc njjnerdcts wgrg our erdcmpdrgcts.

Cdtdbg @ofocg

]hg PP Ncmndcd ns thg shnp thdt `drrngm Erdcmpd @ofocg froj thg port of

Cdpbgs dcm @djpdcnd, Ntdby to Gbbns Nsbdcm. ]hg trnp tool 48 mdys. ]hg shnp

mgpdrtgm oc Jdr`h ;6, 4>96 dcm ns lcowc to hdvg drrnvgm oc Dprnb 4;, 4>96. ]hg

sour`g of thns fd`tudb ncforjdtnoc ns thg pdssgcegr bnst dbso lcowc ds thg shnps

jdcnfgst. Nt ns foucm oc thg Gbbns Nsbdcm wgk sntg.

D`òrmnce to nctgrcgt sour`gs, òctrdry to popubdr kgbngf, W.P. ùstojs

offn`ndbs mnm cot `rgdtg shnp

pdssgcegr bnsts. Phnp jdcnfgsts

wgrg òjpbgtgm ky stgdjshnp

òjpdcngs, egcgrdbby dt thg

ponct of mgpdrturg. ]hgsg

pdssgcegr jdcnfgsts wgrg

thgc sukjnttgm to thg

njjnerdtnoc offn`ndbs upoc

drrnvdb nc thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs.

W.P. njjnerdtnoc offn`ndbs wgrg

lcowc to dmm rgjdrls, cotgs or oksgrvdtnocs to thgsg shnp pdssgcegr bnsts, koth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_American


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dt thg tnjg of drrnvdb or jdcy ygdrs bdtgr. ]hgsg dccotdtnocs jdy hdvg kggc

jdmg to òrrg`t or gxpbdnc `grtdnc ncforjdtnoc or to rgfgrgc`g othgr njportdct

moùjgcts.

D sgdr`h of thg Djgrn`dc Fdjnby Hnstory Njjnerdtnoc @gctgr mdtdkdsg dt

Gbbns Nsbdcm ncmn`dtgs thdt fnvg jgc ky thg cdjg of Cdtdbg @ofocg bdcmgm nc Gbbns

Nsbdcm ovgr thg òursg of sgvgrdb ygdrs. Nt tool d bnttbg knt of jdth dcm sojg

mgmu`tnvg dcdbysns to mgtgrjncg froj thg eroup of fnvg `dcmnmdtgs whn`h ocg wds

bnlgby our Erdcmfdthgr. ]hrgg of thg fnvg wgrg njjgmndtgby cgedtgm ds d

possnknbnty kg`dusg thgy hdm cot ornencdtgm froj D`rn, Erdcmpds hojg rgenoc.

Ocg of thg Cdtdbg @ofocgs froj D`rnwds ;= whgc hg drrnvgm nc 4>40.

Dbthoueh hg woubm hdvg kggc korc nc 4888, thg sdjg ygdr ds Erdcmpd, hg wds

eonce to vnsnt d krothgr Bunen nc Kroolbyc dcm hg hdm d wnfg cdjgm Dctocgttd. ]hns

`bgdrby wds cot Erdcmpd ds hg hdm co krothgr ky thg cdjg of Bunen dcm wds cot

jdrrngm prnor to hns njjnerdtnoc.

]hg Cdtdbg @ofocg thdt drrnvgm oc Dprnb 4;, 4>96 wds 48 ygdrs obm dcm

sncebg. Nf wg suktrd`t 48 ygdrs froj thg 4>96 drrnvdb ygdr wg fncm thdt thns Cdtdbg

@ofocg woubm hdvg kggc korc nc 4888 whn`h òrrgspocms wnth Erdcmpds lcowc

ygdr of knrth. Nc othgr worms, Erdcmpd woubm hdvg kggc 48 nc Dprnb of 4>96.

]hg 4>96 Cdtdbg @ofocg dbso òrrgspocms to dcothgr nctgrgstnceoksgrvdtnoc. Pnc`g our Erdcmpdrgcts `gbgkrdtgm thgnr 79th wgmmnce dccnvgrsdry

nc 4>7>, wg lcow thdt thgy wgrg jdrrngm nc 4>9>. Dcm ncmggm thns ns gvnmgc`gm

ky thgnr jdrrndeg `grtnfn`dtg whn`h wnbb kg prgsgctgm nc d bdtgr `hdptgr. ]hns fd`t

dbocg `bgdrby sueegsts thdt koth of thgj drrnvgm nc thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs gnthgr murnce


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or prnor to thdt ygdr. ]hgrgforg N kgbngvg wnth d rgdsocdkby mgergg of `grtdncty

thdt thg Dprnb 4;th 4>96 Cdtdbg @ofocg wds our erdcmfdthgr.

]hg PP Ncmndcd, whn`h ns thg shnp thdt kroueht our erdcmfdthgr to Djgrn`d,

wds kunbt nc 4>97 for thg shnppnce bncg Bboym Ntdbndco. Nt sdnbgm ucmgr thg Ntdbndc

fbde dcm wds kunbt ky dc Ntdbndc òjpdcy froj [nvd ]rneoso. Mnjgcsnocdbby thg

shnp wds =>>6 eross tocs, 0=4 fggt boce, =5 fggt wnmg, dcm hdm d top spggm of 4=

lcots. Tuntg sjdbb whgc òjpdrgm to tomdys jomgrc `runsg shnps. Nt `drrngm

46;7 pdssgcegrs of whn`h, dbb kut ;7 trdvgbgm thnrm `bdss kgtwggc Ntdby dcm Cgw

ôrl. ]hg shnp wds sobm sgvgrdb tnjgs dcm gvgctudbby s`rdppgm nc 4>;8.

]hg shnps jdcnfgst, whn`h moùjgcts thg cdjgs dcm othgr ncforjdtnoc

rgedrmnce nts pdssgcegrs, ns hdcm wrnttgc nc su`h d stybg thdt nt ns mnffnùbt to `bgdrby

mns`grc sojg of thg worms. Nc vngwnce thg jdcnfgst wg fncm oc pdeg47 thdt

Erdcmpd wds pdssgcegr ;7> dcm ns bnstgm oc bncg 45. Ug dbso sgg thdt hg wds 48

ygdrs obm dcm sncebg dt thg tnjg of thns voydeg. Hns o`ùpdtnoc ns bnstgm ds

bdkorgr. Nt dbso ncmn`dtgs thdt hg ns cot dkbg to rgdm or wrntg. Nt stdtgs thdt hns

mgstncdtnoc ns Cndctn` [N< howgvgr hg mnm cot hdvg d fncdb tn`lgt to thdt mgstncdtnoc.

]hg jdcnfgst dbso ncmn`dtgs thdt hg drrnvgm nc eoom hgdbth dcm hdm $>.99 nc `dsh

nc hns possgssnoc dcm thdt hg hdm cgvgr kgforg kggc to thg W.P. Nt dbso ncmn`dtgs

thdt hg wds nctgcmnce to vnsnt dc uc`bg, Pdbvdtorg Jorrocg of Kox =4, Cndctn` [N.

JDCNFGP] G C][^ N MGC]NF^NCE CD]D BG @OFOCG.]HGXP NCMN@D]G ]HD] HG UDP HGBM FO[ PYG@NDB NCTWN[^ KW] BD]G[DMJN]]GM .


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]hg Xs thdt dppgdr ovgr thg boe gctrngs pgrtdncnce to Erdcmpd hdvg sojg

snecnfn`dc`g. Egcgrdbby dc "X" to thg fdr bgft of thg pdeg, kgforg or nc thg cdjg

òbujc, snecnfngs thdt thg pdssgcegr wds tgjpordrnby mgtdncgm. Nf you bool to thg

bgft of @ofocg you wnbb sgg d stdjp thdt òctdncs thg worm dmjnttgm. ]hgsg

stdjps wnbb usudbby kg bo`dtgm cgxt to thg cdjg of sojgocg who wds bdtgr to kg

hgbm for Ppg`ndb Ncqunry. Dbso nf wg bool ucmgr sojg othgr koxgs wg sgg thg

hdcmwrnttgc worm Hobmsueegstnce Erdcmpd wds to kg mgtdncgm for sojg

rgdsoc. Cotdtnocs hdm mnffgrgct jgdcnces mgpgcmnce oc thg òbujc nc whn`h

thgsg `ryptn` gctrngs wgrg jdmg.

]hns gvnmgc`g nc thg shnps jdcnfgstbgdms jg to òc`bumg thdt Erdcmpd

jdy hdvg ncmggm kggc tgjpordrnby mgtdncgm for sojg uclcowc rgdsoc. ]o

òrrokordtg thns suspn`noc wg cggm to bool dt thg gcm of thg shnps jdcnfgst for d

sg`tnoc gctntbgm [gòrm of Dbngcs Hgbm for Ppg`ndb Ncqunry. Nc boolnce dt thg

rgòrm for thg PP Ncmndcd wg fncm thdt ncmgx cujkgr 06 ns d cotdtnoc for Erdcmpd.

Dftgr hns cdjg òjg two òbujcs whn`h òccg`ts Erdcmpd to hns pdssgcegr bnst

rgòrm. ]hg "Eroup" cujkgr òrrgspocms to thg shnps jdcnfgstpdeg cujkgr

òctdncnce Erdcmpds bnstnce. ]hg cujkgr ("Co.") òbujc òctdncs thg

pdssgcegrsbnst bncg cujkgr wnthnc thg jdcnfgst pdeg. ]hg Bnst of Dbngcs Hgbm

dbso shows thg `dusg of gx`busnoc ucmgr thg hgdmnce "@dusg," dcm envgs thg

cdjg of thg Njjnerdct Ncspg`tor who mg`nmgm thg njjnerdct shoubm hdvg d

hgdrnce. Nc Erdcmpds `dsg thg ncspg`tor wds sojgocg cdjgm Gcebnsh. Ug dbso

sgg thdt thg `dusg of mgtgctnoc ns bnstgm ds BY@.

DCO]HG[ @BWG NC ]HG PHNY'P JDCNFGP] NCMN@D]NCE ]HD] E[DCMYD UDP HGBM FO[ FW[]HG[ NCTWN[^.CO]G ]HG UO[M HOBM.


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]hg jost òjjoc gx`busnoc wds "BY@" or "Bnlgby Yukbn` @hdreg," tdlgc

froj thg sg`tnoc of bdw whn`h gx`bumgs dcyocg who jneht kgòjg d kurmgc oc

thg pukbn`. Jdcy BY@ `dsgs wgrg òupbgm wnth Jgmn`db @grtnfn`dtgs, kg`dusg nt

wds d jgmn`db òcmntnoc or physn`db mnsdknbnty whn`h `dusgm offn`ndbs to thncl thg

njjnerdct woubm cot kg dkbg to gdrc thgnr owc bnvnce. W.P. Yukbn` Hgdbth Pgrvn`g

offn`ndbs nssugm thg Jgmn`db @grtnfn`dtgs murnce thg njjnerdctsjgmn`db

ncspg`tnoc. Nf wg bool `bosgby dt thg top of thg @dusg òbujc wg sgg

hdcmwrntnce thdt sggjs to sdy Mr @grt Nmnot, bnlgby jgdcnce d mo`tors `grtnfn`dtg

ncmn`dtgs thdt pgrsocs bnstgm hdvg d jgctdb nc`dpd`nty. Nt ns cot `bgdr nf thns

dccotdtnoc dppbngs aust to thg fnrst pgrsoc bnstgm or gvgryocg ncmn`dtgm nc thg

òbujc. D`òrmnce to ncforjdtnoc N foucm oc thg Nctgrcgt, dppdrgctby mo`tors sdw

thg njjnerdct fnrst, so nf d jgmn`db `grtnfn`dtg wds nssugm nt woubm kg lcowc to thg

Njjnerdct Ncspg`tor who sdw thg drrnvnce pdssgcegr cgxt. Pojgtnjgs thg fd`t

thdt dc njjnerdct wds hgbm oc thg kdsns of d Jgmn`db @grtnfn`dtg woubm dbso kg

dccotdtgm oc thg pdssgcegr bnst dbthoueh wg mo cot sgg thns nc Erdcmpds `dsg.

[G@O[M OFDBNGCP HGBM FO[ PYG@NDB NCTWN[^ PHOU E[DCMYD BNP]GM DP NCMGX CWJKG[ 06.


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Jost njjnerdcts dppgdrgm dt d krngf hgdrnce dcm wgrg dmjnttgm dftgr

gxpbdncnce thgnr sntudtnoc or promu`nce d rg`gct bgttgr froj d frngcm or rgbdtnvg dt

thgnr mgstncdtnoc. Othgrs jneht cot hdvg thg proof wnth thgj, so thgy woubm wdnt

uctnb sojgocg `djg to tgstnfy nc thgnr kghdbf or sgct d tgbgerdj. Bdtgr (sojgtnjgs

bdtgr thg sdjg mdy), nc d rghgdrnce thg cgw gvnmgc`g woubm kg promu`gm, or thg

mo`tor woubm `grtnfy thg njjnerdct ds `urgm, dcm thg Kodrm woubm dmjnt thg

njjnerdct. ]hg rg`orm ncmn`dtgs thdt Erdcmpd mnm cot rgqunrg d rg-hgdrnce or fdbb

ucmgr d mgportdtnoc gx`busnoc. Erdcmpds hobm wdswnthmrdwc oc Dprnb 4=th dcm

hg gvgctudbby wds dmjnttgm oc Dprnb 46, 4>96 four mdys dftgr hg drrnvgm. Gvgry

mdy murnce thg grd 48>;-4>;=, tgc pgr`gct or jorg of drrnvnce njjnerdcts wgrg

sgct to wdnt for d Kodrm of Ppg`ndb Ncqunry hgdrnce.

]HG PG@OCM YD[] OF [G@O[M OFDBNGCP HGBM FO[ PYG@NDB NCTWN[^ PHOUP ]HD] MD]G DCM ]NJG E[DCMYD UDP DMJN]]GM.]HGBDP] ]H[GG @OBWJCP PHOU ]HG CWJKG[ OF K[GDLFDP]P,BWC@HGP DCM MNCCG[P HG UDP ENVGC.


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[gturcnce to thg ornencdb shnps pdssgcegr bnst for Erdcmpdwg foùs oc thg

pdrt thdt sdys hg ns hgdmnce to Cndctn` [N wnth $>.99 nc hns po`lgt.

D `bosg-up of thg bdst sg`tnoc shows thdt hg ns nctgcmnce to vnsnt hns uc`bg.

]hg cdjg Pdbvdtorg ns rdthgr gdsy to mnstnceunsh, howgvgr thgrg ns d worm

prg`gmnce dcm fobbownce Pdbvdtorg thdt wgrg d `hdbbgceg to mns`grc.

Uhgc Ntdbndcs of Erdcmpdsgrd wgrg dslgm to nmgctnfy thgjsgbvgs thgy

usgm thgnr bdst cdjgs fnrst. Boolnce dt othgr gctrngs oc thg sdjg jdcnfgst pdeg

wnth snjnbdr bgttgrnce nc worms thdt drg ju`h gdsngr to ucmgrstdcm, wg wgrg dkbg

to mgtgrjncg thdt thg worm, or rdthgr thg cdjg, to thg bgft of Pdbvdtorg ns Jorrocg,

whn`h ns d òjjoc surcdjg nc D`rn dcm throuehout Ntdby. Wsnce thg sdjg

jgthom wg mnsòvgrgm thdt thg worm dftgr Pdbvdtorg ns Kox =4, ncfgrrnce d post

offn`g kox. Kgdr nc jncm thdt Jorrocg jdy kg d phocgtn` spgbbnce of Pdbvdtorgs

bdst cdjg kdsgm upoc Erdcmpds procuc`ndtnoc to ncspg`tors dt Gbbns Nsbdcm.

Ug hdvg kggc dkbg to òcfnrj thdt d Pdbvdtorg Jorrocg froj D`rn mnm

gctgr thg W.P. nc Auby of 4>94 dt thg deg of 4>. Nt dppgdrs hg wds eonce to vnsnt d

krothgr Dcegbo nc Cndctn`. Nt rgjdncs to kg sggc nf thns ns thg sdjg pgrsoc bnstgm

oc Erdcmpds shnps jdcnfgstds thg pgrsoc hg wds gcroutg to vnsnt.

FW[]HG[ @OC]NCWD]NOC OF E[DCMYD'P JDCNFGP] GC][^

]HNP KOX OF ]HG JDCNFGP] PHOUP E[DCMYD'P [GYO[]GM MGP]NCD]NOC OF CNDC]N@,[N]O VNPN] DC WC@BGJD[[OCG PDBVD]O[G,D] KOX =4


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Po fdr N hdvg cot kggc dkbg to `bgdrby òcfnrj whgthgr or cot Erdcmpd hdm

dc uc`bg or dcy rgbdtnvg ky thg cdjg of Pdbvdtorg Jorrocg who bnvgm nc Cndctn`. Nt

òubm kg thdt Jorrocg wds d frngcm dcm thg njjnerdtnoc degct sojghowjnstdlgcby put nc thg worm uc`bg, cot rgdbby lcownce whdt Erdcmpd wds trynce to

tgbb hnj. Dcothgr possnknbnty ns thdt Jorrocg wds jdrrngm to ocg of Erdcmpds

rgbdtnvgs, thg nmgctnty of whoj wg mo cot lcow. Ds you wnbb bdtgr rgdm, thgrg wds d

Jorrocg nc Erdcmpds dc`gstrdb bncgdeg.

Ocg `dc dbso spgùbdtg whgthgr or cot Erdcmpd gvgr jdmg thg trnp to

Cndctn`. [g`dbb thdt thg jdcnfgst ncmn`dtgs thdt hg mnm cot hdvg d tn`lgt to hns fncdb

mgstncdtnoc. ]hg boen`db òuctgr-dreujgct woubm kg thdt ucbnlg tomdy thgrg wds

co jg`hdcnsj to prg-pur`hdsg d trdcsfgr tn`lgt to Cndctn`. D ponct òubm

rgdsocdkby kg jdmg thdt hg woubm cot hdvg pur`hdsgm thg tn`lgt to Cndctn` uctnb

hns drrnvdb nc thg W.P., thgrgforg jdlnce d trnp to thg mgstncdtnoc d possnknbnty.

Dcothgr mnjgcsnoc to thns story `dc kg ncfgrrgm froj dc nctgrvngw N mnm wnthDuct ]gssng nc 4>>;. Erdcmpd hdm dc uc`bg, Ydsqudbg, hns fdthgrs krothgr, who

bnvgm oc Gbbgc Ptrggt nc thg Dvocmdbg sg`tnoc of Cutbgy. Hg wds rgfgrrgm to ds thg

fnrst Djgrn`dc P`drdjuzzo.Duct ]gssng sdnm thdt Erdcmpds fdthgr tobm hnj thdt

nf hg wds eonce to Djgrn`d hg shoubm kg surg to eo dcm sgg hns krothgr

Ydsqudbg. Phg spg`nfn`dbby usgm thg worms eo dcm sggdcm cot eo dcm stdy

wnth. Ocg òubm ncfgr froj Duct ]gssngs stdtgjgct thdt Erdcmpd jdy hdvg kggc

oc thg wdy to sojg othgr mgstncdtnoc kut thdt hg shoubm, dt sojg ponct, jdlg

tnjg to vnsnt hns uc`bg. Duct ]gssng dbso sdnm thdt dbthoueh Erdcmpd `djg to thg

W.P. dbocg hg jgt pgopbg hgrg thdt hg dbrgdmy lcgw. Phg cgvgr jgctnocgm who

thosg pgopbg wgrg, whn`h N kgbngvg shg woubm hdvg hdm shg lcowc. Ygrhdps

Pdbvdtorg Jorrocg wds ocg of thgj. Nt jdy dbso kg thdt Erdcmpds uc`bg


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òcvnc`gm hnj to rgjdnc or dt bgdst rgturc to Dvocmdbg, whn`h òubm gxpbdnc how

hg `djg to sgttbg nc Cutbgy.

]hgrg ns ygt dcothgr twnst wg `dc dmm to thns story thdt ns purgby

spgùbdtnoc kut cocg thg bgss nctrneunce to pocmgr. Erdcmpds fdthgr Vnc`gczo

wds rgportgmby korc oc òctrdmd Jorrocg nc D`rn. Ygrhdps Erdcmpd wds trynce to

òcvgy to njjnerdtnoc duthorntngs thdt hg wds eonce to sgg sojgocg cdjgm

Pdbvdtorg nc Cndctn` thdt hg lcgw froj òctrdmd Jorrocg. Ocg of thg jgdcnces

for thg worm òctrdmd ns thg Gcebnsh worm rodm. Nt ns sojgtnjgs usgm

nctgr`hdcegdkby wnth thg Ntdbndc worm vnd, jgdcnce d strggt. Ygrhdps Erdcmpd

usgm Vnd Jorrocg to mgs`rnkg whgrg hns òctd`t hdm bnvgm ncstgdm of @octrdmdJorrocg. Vnd Jorrocg sojghow eot òcvobutgm to Qno Jorrocg ky thg

njjnerdtnoc nctgrprgtgr or gctry offn`ndb thgrgky rgsubtnce nc Wc`bg Pdbvdtorg

Jorrocg.

[gedrmnce Jorrocg, wg fncm dc nctgrgstnce snmgkdr dcm d ponct for

spgùbdtnoc provnmgm nc thg 4>;5 Cutbgy mnrg`tory. Dppdrgctby d fdjnby cdjgm

Jdrocn bnvgm dt 48 [ojd Ptrggt nc Cutbgy, whn`h of òursg ns bo`dtgm nc thg

Dvocmdbg sg`tnoc. Dednc, thns bnstnce jdy kg d phocgtn` spgbbnce. Ug aust moct

lcow for surg. Uhgthgr thg Jdrocns wgrg bnvnce nc Dvocmdbg nc 4>96 or jnerdtgm

bdtgr froj gbsgwhgrg ns dbso cot lcowc. Dcm ucfortucdtgby wg `dccot dt thns tnjg

jdlg dcy mnrg`t òccg`tnoc kgtwggc Pdbvdtorg Jorrocg dcm thg Jdrocns who

bnvgm oc [ojd Ptrggt. Howgvgr, whgc procouc`gm nc Ntdbndc, koth cdjgs soucm

vgry snjnbdr. ]hg gstdkbnshjgct of d òccg`tnoc jdy kg dc nctgrgstnce pursunt for

sojg futurg rgsgdr`hgr.

Duct [osng @dfocg hds tobm jg thdt our fdjnby hdm rgbdtnvgs nc Cgw

Gcebdcm, pgrhdps ds fdr ds Jdssd`husgtts. Jy jothgr tobm jg shg rg`dbbs


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hgdrnce Erdcmpd sdynce hg hdm dc uc`bg nc thg Ugstgrby, [homg Nsbdcm drgd. Po

nt ns pbdusnkbg thdt hg mnm ncmggm hdvg rgbdtnvgs thdt bnvgm nc [homg Nsbdcm. N hdvg

sojg ncforjdtnoc to sueegst thdt ocg su`h òusnc wgct ky thg surcdjg of

@ros`hn (procouc`gm row-shlgy). Erdcmpd hdm dcothgr òusnc Njjdùbdtd

Ptrdfd`n who bnvgm nc [homg Nsbdcm. Ptrdfd`n wds hgr jdrrndeg cdjg. ]hg ducts

jdy rgjgjkgr hgr dcm hgr soc lcow ds Aucnor who wds d kdrkgr ky trdmg. N

sggj to rg`dbb thdt Aucnor hdm d kdrkgrshop sojgwhgrg cgdr Erotoc,

@occg`tnùt.

Cndctn` [N mnm ncmggm gxnst. Nt ns dc obm rgenoc thdt eogs kd`l to thg 4699s

dcm òcsnstgm of thg southgrc òdst of Cgw Gcebdcm froj thg jouth of thg@occg`tnùt [nvgr gdst to southwgst [homg Nsbdcm nc`bumnce Kbo`l Nsbdcm nc thg

Boce Nsbdcm Poucm. Gdstgrc Cndctn` ns sntudtgm nc southwgst [homg Nsbdcm whn`h

ns thg sdjg rgenoc thdt òctdncs thg towc of Ugstgrby, whn`h ns whgrg Erdcmpd

mnm hdvg rgbdtnvgs. Ds d jdttgr of fd`t N rg`dbb ds d hnbm vnsntnce rgbdtnvgs thgrg. D

`hg`l wnth thg Ugstgrby Yukbn` Bnkrdry rgvgdbs thdt d pdrt of Ugstgrby wds oc`g

lcowc ds Cndctn`. ]hg vnbbdeg thdt ns cow Krdmform wds `dbbgm Cndctn froj

droucm 4>99 to 4>4;.

Dcothgr nctgrgstnce fd`t dkout thg Cndctn` drgd ns thdt nt wds fdjous for nts

erdcntg, jncgm froj qudrrngs nc Krdmform dcm Yottgr Hnbb. Nc othgr worms thg drgd

prgsgctgm dc opportucnty for worl. Tudrrngs wgrg dt thgnr pgdl murnce thg bdst

qudrtgr of thg 4>th `gctury dcm thg fnrst qudrtgr of thg ;9th `gctury. Jdcudb bdkor

wds usgm for mrnbbnce, ùttnce, dcm mrgssnce thg stocg dcm jovnce gqunpjgct. ]hg

worl wds bdkornous, consy, mnrty dcm hdzdrmous. Nt jdy kg Erdcmpd hgdrm thdt

worl wds dvdnbdkbg dcm so sgt hns mgstncdtnoc for thdt drgd of thg òuctry. Nf

Erdcmpd mnm worl ds d bdkorgr hg bnlgby worlgm 8 to > hours d mdy dt d rdtg of

bgss thdc twgcty `gcts dc hour. Nt jdy dbso kg whogvgr tobm hnj dkout thg worl


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]HG PP KG[BNC NP ]HG PHNY ]HD] K[OWEH] DCEGBNCD

EDK[NGBG ]O ]HG WCN]GM P]D]GP NC 4>9>.

hdm dc uc`bg or rgbdtnvg who bnvgm nc Cndctn` dcm pgrhdps thdt nt whdt Erdcmpd

trngm to òcvgy to thg duthorntngs dt Gbbns Nsbdcm.

Ug hdvg kggc dkbg to jdlg whdt dppgdrs to kg d òccg`tnoc kgtwggc thg

Jorrocg dcm @ofocg fdjnbngs dkout sgvgc egcgrdtnocs kd`l, howgvgr thg

òccg`tnoc jdy kg tgcuous dt kgst. Ncforjdtnoc òctdncgm nc d bdtgr `hdptgr

ncmn`dtgs thdt Erdcmpd jdy hdvg hdm d pdtgrcdb ergdt-ergdt-ergdt erdcmjothgr

wnth thg surcdjg of Jorrocg. For cow howgvgr, wg `dccot jdlg d supportdkbg

dreujgct thdt Erdcmpd ncmggm hdm dc uc`bg nc Cndctn`.

Vnrtudbby cothnce ns lcowc rgedrmnce Erdcmpds whgrgdkouts kgtwggc hns

drrnvdb nc Dprnb 4>96 dcm jdrrndeg nc Covgjkgr of 4>9>.

Dcegbd Edkrngbg

Our Erdcmjothgr,

Dcegbd Edkrngbg, drrnvgm nc thg

Wcntgm Ptdtgs oc Dueust 0,

4>9> dkodrm thg PP Kgrbnc

sojgtnjg kgtwggc 4179 pj to

=149 pj. ]hg shnp mgpdrtgm thg

port of Cdpbgs oc Auby 4;, 4>9>

dcm drrnvgm dt Gbbns Nsbdcm ;;

mdys bdtgr. Erdcmjd wds 4>

ygdrs obm, sncebg, dcm mnm cotspgdl Gcebnsh. Bncg 4; oc pdeg 664 of thg jdcnfgst ncmn`dtgs thdt shg `djg froj

D`rn, @osgczd Ntdby dcm thdt hgr fdthgrs cdjg wds [dffdgbg. Nt dbso ncmn`dtgs thdt

shg wds 7 fggt tdbb. ]hg jdcnfgst shows thdt shg drrnvgm wnth bgss thdc $;9

mobbdrs, dbthoueh nt mogs cot sdy how ju`h bgss. Nt dbso shows thdt hgr fncdb


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mgstncdtnoc wds Dvocmdbg, Cgw Agrsgy whgrg shg wds eonce to aonc hgr snstgr,

Pdctd. Ds jdcy of you lcow, Dvocmdbg ns d sg`tnoc of Cutbgy.

Nc thg sdjg kox thdt òctdncs Erdcmjds fnrst cdjg ns d sjdbb cotdtnoc

thdt sggjs to ncmn`dtg thdt Erdcmjd ns thg òusnc of pdssgcegr # ;4. ]hg

pdssgcegr nc row ;4 ns Jdrnd Edkrngbbn d 4>-ygdr-obm fgjdbg who wds trdvgbnce

wnth hgr krothgr Frdc`gsò deg ;=. ]hg spgbbnce of thg surcdjg nc thg jdcnfgst ns

mnffgrgct thdc thg trug spgbbnce, bnlgby d phocgtn` nctgrprgtdtnoc ky whojgvgr nt

wds who rgòrmgm thg mdtd. Jdrnd dcm Frdc`gsò wgrg eonce to Dvocmdbg to sgg

thgnr krothgr Jn`hgbg. Jn`hgbg wgct ky thg cn`lcdjg Jn`hgbg g Fossg. Bdtgr hg

woubm bnvg oc Gdst @gctgr Ptrggt nc Cutbgy dbjost mnrg`tby d`ross froj thg hojg

of Duct ]gssng dcm Wc`bg Cdt. ]hg fdthgr of Jdrnd dcm Frdc`gsò wds ncmn`dtgm

nc thg jdcnfgst ds Pdbvdtorg, who ns kgbngvgm to hdvg kggc d krothgr of

Erdcmjds fdthgr [dffdgbg. Uhdt wg hdvg mnsòvgrgm ns thdt [dffdgbg mnm ncmggm

hdvg dc obmgr krothgr Pdbvdtorg Enusgppg Edkrngbg korc oc Jdr`h 48, 4870. D

possnkbg knrth rgòrm for Jn`hgbg Edkrngbg wds bo`dtgm thdt ncmn`dtgs hg wds korc

JDCNFGP ] O F PPKG[BNC PHOUNCE HGDMG[ DCM E[DCMJD BNP]GM OCBNCG 4;

PG@]NOC OF YDEG ;BNCG 4;OF PHNY'P JDCNFGP] NCMN@D]NCE ]HD] E[DCMJD UDP EONCE ]O VNPN] HG[ PNP]G[ PDC] D N CDVOCMDBG


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oc O`tokgr ;9, 4884 to Pdbvdtorg Edkrngbg dcm Dccd [ntd`ò. Pnjnbdrby, d knrth

`ntdtnoc for Frdc`gsò Edkrngbg korc oc Adcudry ;;, 4887 to thg sdjg pdrgcts

wds dbso bo`dtgm. ]o mdtg co knrth rgòrm for Jdrnd òubm kg foucm. ]hg gvnmgc`g

thgrgforg sggjs to ponct mnrg`tby to thg fd`t thdt Erdcmjd wds ncmggm trdvgbnce

wnth hgr fnrst òusncs.

Furthgr òcfnrjdtnoc `djg to bneht nc d 4>>; nctgrvngw wnth Duct ]gssng.

Murnce d krngf òcvgrsdtnoc rgedrmnce Erdcmjds njjnerdtnoc to thg W.P. Duct

]gssng dcm jy jothgr rg`dbbgm Erdcmjd sdynce thdt shg hdm òjg to thg W.P.

wnth sojgocg gbsg, howgvgr thgy òubm cot rg`dbb who thdt pgrsoc jdy hdvg

kggc. Ug cow hdvg thg gvnmgc`g thdt nt wds Jdrnd dcm Frdc`gsò. D`òrmnce toDuct ]gssng Erdcmjd spgct sojg tnjg bnvnce dt Jn`hgbgs hojg prokdkby

kg`dusg hgr snstgr Pdctd dcm hgr huskdcm hdm eocg to Cdshwdul Jnccgsotd nc

sgdr`h of worl.

]hg jdcnfgst dbso ncmn`dtgs sojg sort of `dbbnce or o`ùpdtnoc for

Erdcmjd. ]hg wrntnce ns mnffnùbt to mg`nphgr. Nt dppgdrs to ncmn`dtg fdrjbdk, wnth

thg bdttgr pdrt kgnce pgrhdps dc dkkrgvndtnoc for bdkorgr.

Ydeg ; of thg jdcnfgst ncmn`dtgs thdt Erdcmjd mnm cot possgss d tn`lgt to

hgr fncdb mgstncdtnoc. Nt dbso ncmn`dtgm thdt hgr fdthgr pdnm hgr pdssdeg dcm thdt

shg hdm cgvgr kgforg kggc to thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs. ]hg rgòrm dbso ncmn`dtgs thdt

shg wds 7 fggt tdbb nc nc eoom hgdbth dcm cot d `rnppbg. Nt ncmn`dtgs d pbd`g of knrth

of @osgczd, D`rn.

D. E. Ugsgr Phnpkunbmgrs, Krgjgc, Egrjdcy, kunbt thg PP Kgrbnc nc 4>9>.

Nt wgnehgm 45,0;0 eross tocs< nts mnjgcsnocs wgrg 640 (kp) fggt boce dcm 6> fggt


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wnmg. Ptgdj qudmrupbg gxpdcsnoc gcencgs, wnth twnc s`rgws, powgrgm nt. ]hg

shnps sgrvn`g spggm wds 46 lcots.Nt `drrngm 0,;4; pdssgcegrs of whoj ;66

wgrg nc fnrst `bdss, ;=6-sgòcm `bdss, dcm ;,599 nc thnrm `bdss. ôu `dc kg surg

thdt Erdcmjd sdnbgm ds ocg of thg pdssgcegrs nc thg bdttgr `dtgeory.

]hg shnp wds kunbt for Corth Egrjdc Bboym, dcm sdnbgm ucmgr thg Egrjdc

fbde nc 4>9> dcm cdjgm Kgrbnc. ]hg bncg provnmgm Krgjgrhdvgc-Cgw ôrl dcm

Jgmntgrrdcgdc-Cgw ôrl sgrvn`g. ]rdcsfgrrgm to Uhntg Ptdr dcm Mojncnoc

Bncgs, nc 4>;9, thg shnp wds rgcdjgm Drdkn`. Nt òctncugm to provnmg ]rdcs-

Dtbdctn` sgrvn`g. ]hg shnp wds fncdbby krolgc up nc Ntdby nc 4>04.

Ug cow hdvg d sgcsg of how nt wds thdt our Erdcmpdrgcts `djg to thg

Wcntgm Ptdtgs dcm nc pdrtnùbdr, Dvocmdbg. Ds ncmn`dtgm, Erdcmjd hdm d snstgr

Pdctd who wds dbrgdmy hgrg. Nt kgbngvgm shg jdy hdvg rgsnmgm dt 4= Hujkgrt

Ptrggt. Froj ncforjdtnoc provnmgm ky @hrnstncd Pdppornto, Pdctd sgct jocgy

hojg to hgr fdthgr who wds kgbngvgm to usg thg jocgy to pur`hdsg sojg

propgrty. Nt ns bnlgby thdt sojg of thg jocgy wds usgm to suksnmnzg Erdcmjds trnp

to Djgrn`d.

Ds fdr ds wg lcow Erdcmpds uc`bg Ydsqudbg @ofocg, lcowc ds obm jdc

P`drdjuzzo, wds bnvnce nc Cutbgy prnor to Erdcmpds drrnvdb thgrg. Froj d

prgvnousby mnsùssgm hypothgsns nt jdy kg thdt Dvocmdbg wds cot Erdcmpds

ornencdb mgstncdtnoc. Ds ncmn`dtgm dkovg hg jdy dbso hdvg hdm othgr rgbdtnvgs

bnvnce nc othgr pdrts of thg òuctry ds wgbb. Hg gvgctudbby vnsntgm hns uc`bgYdsqudbg dcm pgrhdps nt wds hg who òcvnc`gm Erdcmpd to rgjdnc nc Dvocmdbg.

Nt jdy hdvg kggc thdt thg prospg`t for worl wds kgttgr nc CA dcm so hg

rgjdncgm. Dt thg tnjg qudrrngs gxnstgm nc thg Dvocmdbg sg`tnoc of Cutbgy dcm so


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Erdcmpd jdy hdvg foucm worl thgrg. Ug lcow thdt Erdcmpd hdm snkbnces who

njjnerdtgm to thg W.P. kut ocby dftgr hns drrnvdb.

Uhnbg wg jdy cot lcow thg prg`nsg rgdsoc why our Erdcmpdrgcts `djg

to Djgrn`d, nt ns vgry bnlgby nt wds to gs`dpg thg dkag`t povgrty thdt gxnstgm nc thg

`ouctrysnmg whgrg thgy bnvgm. Bnlg jnbbnocs of othgr youce njjnerdcts, thgy `djg

to fncm d kgttgr bnfg dcm nc so monce, thgy provnmgm d bnfg for us. Unthout thg

`ourdegous fgdt of bgdvnce kghncm dbb thgy lcgw dcm rnsl thg vgcturg ncto thg cgw

bdcm, your pdrgcts woubm cgvgr hdvg jgt dcm you woubm cot kg rgdmnce thns cow.


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00

@hdptgr 0]hg Jdrrndeg of Cdtdbg & Dcegbd

Nt ns ncfgrrgm froj dc drtn`bg thdt dppgdrgm nc thg Cutbgy Puc cgwspdpgr oc

]ugsmdy, Covgjkgr ;=, 4>7> thdt Erdcmjd dcm Erdcmpd wgrg jdrrngm oc

Covgjkgr ;;, 4>9>. Dt thg tnjg Erdcmjd dcm Erdcmpd woubm hdvg kggc ;9 dcm

;4 ygdrs obm rgspg`tnvgby. Nt wds kgbngvgm thdt thg jocth dcm mdy of thg 79th

Dccnvgrsdry pdrty ònc`nmgm wnth thg jocth dcm mdy of thg d`tudb jdrrndeg, dcm

so for jdcy ygdrs thg fdjnby kgbngvgm thdt thg dccnvgrsdry mdtg wds Covgjkgr

;;. Ds pdrt of thg rgsgdr`h ncto thg fdjnby hnstory Hoby Fdjnby @hur`h nc Cutbgy

wds òctd`tgm. ]hg `hur`h provnmgm d òpy of Erdcmjd dcm Erdcmpdsjdrrndeg

rgòrm, whn`h ns nc`bumgm kgbow. ]hg rgòrm shows thdt our Erdcmpdrgcts wgrg

d`tudbby jdrrngm oc Covgjkgr ;9, 4>9>, whn`h wds d Pdturmdy.

]hg moùjgct ncmn`dtgs thdt thg kgst jdc dcm jdnm of hocor wgrg

Vnc`gczo ]grrdcovd dcm Frdc`gs`d Pnjocg, rgspg`tnvgby. D pdrnsh prngst cdjgm

Fdthgr D. MgPdctobo offn`ndtgm dt thg `grgjocy. Nt ns nctgrgstnce to cotg thg

spgbbnce of thgnr bdst cdjgs. Ds `dc kg sggc Erdcmpds bdst cdjg ns spgbbgm wnth

thg @O mgrnvdtnvg. ]hgrg ns d sbnehtby ncòrrg`t spgbbnce for Erdcmjd bdst cdjg

JD[[N DEG [G@O[M OF CD]DBG @OFOCG DCMDCEGBD EDK[NGBD F [OJ HOB^ FDJN B^ @HW[@H NC CW]BG^.


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ncmn`dtnce Edkrngbd ncstgdm of Edkrngbg. ]hns nbbustrdtgs how dbtgrcdtnvg spgbbnces

of cdjgs `dc o`ùr.

]hg wgmmnce tool pbd`g dftgr d short òurtshnp. Erdcmjd hdm ocby drrnvgm

nc thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs nc Dueust of 4>9> dcm d`òrmnce to stgdj shnp rgòrms, wds

bnvnce nc Dvocmdbg wnth gnthgr hgr snstgr Pdctd or wnth hgr òusnc Jn`hgbg oc Gdst

@gctrg Ptrggt.

Ug rgdbby moct lcow gxd`tby how our erdcmpdrgcts jgt, kut ocg story

provnmgm ky Duct ]gssng ns thdt Erdcmpd wds dbrgdmy bnvnce nc thg Wcntgm Ptdtgsdcm jgt Erdcmjd nc Cutbgy. Erdcmjd wds bnvnce wnth hgr òusnc Jn`hgbg g

Fossg (Edkrngbg) oc Gdst @gctrgPtrggt nc Cutbgy. Erdcmpd gvnmgctby wds d

frngcm of Jn`hgbg. Uhgc thgy fnrst jgt Erdcmjd mnm cot wdct to eo out wnth

Erdcmpd. Duct ]gssng rgbdygm thdt Erdcmjds worms to hgr òusnc wgrg N moct

wdct thns P`drdjuzzo! Mo you thncl N `djg ovgr hgrg to jdrry hnj? Dednc

d`òrmnce to d`òucts provnmgm ky Duct ]gssng, Jn`hgbg wds hgdrm to rgpby, ôu

thncl you drg kgttgr thdc hnj? Hgs d eoom jdc. Jn`hgbg gvnmgctby òcvnc`gm

hgr to eo wnth Erdcmpd, who wg drg bgm to kgbngvg wds rgdbby gcdjorgm wnth

Erdcmjd.

Nctgrgstnceby, wnthnc four jocths of hgr drrnvdb hgrg nc thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs

Erdcmjd eot jdrrngm. ]hg `grgjocy tool pbd`g sojgwhgrg nc Hoby Fdjnby

pdrnsh. Our Erdcmpdrgcts wgrg ocg of thg fnrst to kg jdrrngm nc thg cgwby forjgm

pdrnsh. Hnstorn`db d`òucts of thg pdrnsh ncmn`dtg thdt nt kgedc sojgtnjg nc 4>9>

djoce d òbbg`tnoc of poor Ntdbndc njjnerdcts. ]hg [gvgrgcm Fdthgr Dbfocso Mg

Pdctobo, thg sdjg prngst who jdrrngm our Erdcmpdrgcts, dcm who hdm worlgm nc

Ydtgrsoc dcm Bycmhurst, stdrtgm pdro`hndb worl djoce thg Ntdbndcs nc thg

Kgbbgvnbbg-Cutbgy drgd. Pgvgrdb ygdrs gbdpsgm kgforg thg fnrst `hur`h wds kunbt. Nc


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07

HOB^ FDJN B^ @HW[@H DP N] DYYGD[GM @N[@D 4>47.N] HDM KGGCBOCE KGBNGVGM ]HD] OW[ E[DCMYD[GC]P UG[G JD[[NGM NC ]HNP

@HW[@H.

447HD[[N POC P][GG] CW]BG^ FO[JG[ PN]G OF HOB^FDJN B^ @HW[@H ]HNP NP HOU ]HG KWNBMNCE DYYGD[GM NCMG@GJKG[ OF ;990

thg nctgrnj jdssgs wgrg offgrgm dt fnrst nc prnvdtg hojgs nc thg drgd. D`òrmnce to

hnstorn`db d`òucts for sgvgrdb jocths Fdthgr Mg Pdctobo offgrgm Jdss nc thg

hojgs of Jn`hdgb Ptgfdcgbbn dt Ydssdn` Dvgcug dcm Jnt`hgbb Ptrggt nc Kgbbgvnbbg

dcm @nrndò Adccdrocg dt 4=

Hdrrnsoc Ptrggt, Cutbgy. Nt hds

kggc rgportgm thdt Fdthgr Mg

Pdctobd wds dssnstgm ky thg

bdtg Mojncn`l @n`òcg nc

rdnsnce fucms to òcstru`t thg

fnrst `hur`h. ]hg fnrst

pgrjdcgct @hur`h stru`turg

wds kunbt oc d 09 ky 499 foot

pbot dt 447 Hdrrnsoc Ptrggt,

Cutbgy. D frdjg kunbmnce, nt

jgdsurgm ;9 ky 79 fggt dcm

sgdtgm pgrhdps 4=9 pgrsocs.

Nts òrcgrstocg wds bdnm ky

Fdthgr Adjgs Y. Pjnth of Pt.

Ygtgrs nc Kgbbgvnbbg nc 4>44.Dc

dmaoncnce rg`tory wds kunbt

dkout 4>47.

@octrdry to d boce hgbm kgbngf, nt dppgdrs thdt our Erdcmpdrgcts wgrg cot

jdrrngm nc thg d`tudb Hdrrnsoc Dvgcug `hur`h whn`h wds kunbt dkout two ygdrs

dftgr thgy wgrg jdrrngm. Jorg bnlgby thg `grgjocy tool pbd`g pgrhdps nc d

tgjpordry `hur`h stru`turg or thg hojg of ocg of thg pdrnshnocgrs ncmn`dtgm

dkovg. Ntdbndc njjnerdcts froj dbb ovgr Cutbgy usgm Hoby Fdjnby @hur`h for thgnr

rgbnenous `grgjocngs ds nt wds òcsnmgrgm dc Ntdbndc @hur`h.


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06

]HG UD^ ]HG^ D@]WDBB^ BOOLGM NC 4>7>D] ]HGN[ 79]H

DCCNVG[PD[^.OW[ E[DCMJD NP 59DCM E[DCMYD NPCGD[B^ 54^GD[P OBM NC ]HNP YHO]O.

CGUPYDYG[ D[]N@BGP DCCOWC@NCE ]HG 79]H

UGMMNCE DCCNVG[PD[^. OCG OF ]HGPG DYYGD[GM

NC ]HG CW]BG^ PWC OC ]WGPMD^ COVGJKG[ ;=,

4>7>. N] NP WCLCOUC NC UHN@H O]HG[ YDYG[ ]HG

D[]N@BG DBPO DYYGD[GM.

[gjcdcts of thg obm `hur`h

`dc stnbb kg sggc. Nt ns uclcowc gxd`tby

whgc, kut thg `hur`h propgrty wds

sobm dcm `ocvgrtgm to d prnvdtg

rgsnmgc`g. ]hg jomgrc mdy photo of

thg propgrty shows thdt thg gxtgrcdb

stru`turg of thg `hur`h ns cgdrby ds nt

wds nc 4>9> wnth thg gx`gptnoc of thg

jnssnce stggpbg.

]hgrg wds rgportgmby d fnrgthdt gceubfgm dt bgdst pdrt of thg

`hur`h. Howgvgr thg mdtg of thg fnrg

rgjdncs uclcowc dt thns wrntnce.

]hg cgwspdpgr drtn`bg

dccouc`nce thgnr 79th wgmmnce

dccnvgrsdry, whn`h wds kdsgm oc

ncforjdtnoc provnmgm ky Duct Jdry,

ncmn`dtgs thdt Erdcmpd dcm

Erdcmjd bnvgm oc Gbbgc Ptrggt nc

Cutbgy for dpproxnjdtgby 47 ygdrs

kgforg jovnce to Bycmhurst. Ug cow

lcow thdt thgy pur`hdsgm thg Cutbgy

hojg nc 4>;4 dcm fobbownce d fnrg,

pur`hdsgm dcm jovgm to thg

Bycmhurst housg nc 4>;6.


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05

]hg photo thdt dppgdrs nc thg cgwspdpgr drtn`bg ns cot froj thgnr 79th

dccnvgrsdry `gbgkrdtnoc. Nc dbb bnlgbnhoom thg photoerdph wds prokdkby tdlgc dt

thg wgmmnce of ocg of thgnr `hnbmrgc, prgsujdkby Duct Fborng nc O`tokgr of 4>=>.

Nf thns ncmggm wgrg trug, Erdcmjd dcm Erdcmpd woubm kg 64 dcm 69 ygdrs obm

rgspg`tnvgby whgc thg photoerdph wds tdlgc.

D`òrmnce to thg drtn`bg Erdcmpd worlgm for jdcy ygdrs dt Djgrn`dc

@hdnc dcm @dkbg @ojpdcy nc Cgwdrl, Cgw Agrsgy. ]hg òjpdcy d`tudbby kgedc

nc 4>06 dftgr dc d`qunsntnoc of thg Djgrn`dc @dkbg @ojpdcy of Cgwdrl ky

Djgrn`dc @hdnc, d òjpdcy whn`h stdrtgm nc dkout 4>45. Djgrn`dc @hdnc dcm

@dkbg hdm dmvgrtnsgm cdtnocdbby thdt nt wds thg bdregst jdcufd`turgr of `hdnc ncthg worbm. Uhnbg wg mo cot lcow thg murdtnoc of hns gjpboyjgct, 4>=9 @gcsus

rgòrms ncmn`dtg thdt Erdcmpd wds worlnce for d `dkbg òjpdcy dt thg tnjg ds d

adcntor. ]hns òrrgspocms wnth ncforjdtnoc provnmgm ky fdjnby sour`gs thdt

ncmn`dtgm thdt Erdcmpd wds d portgr for Djgrn`dc @hdnc dcm @dkbg. Nt wds sdnm

thdt hg woubm worl sgvgc mdys d wggl dcm hobnmdys, wdblnce froj thg ]hojds

Dvgcug housg to Aduc`gy Dvg nc Corth Drbncetoc whgrg hg woubm tdlg d kus ncto

Cgwdrl.

]hg dccnvgrsdry drtn`bg cgvgr ncmn`dtgm Erdcmpds gjpboyjgct prnor to

Djgrn`dc @hdnc. Froj thg 4>09 @gcsus bnstnce for thg fdjnby nt ncmn`dtgs thdt

Erdcmpd wds d hgbpgr oc whdt dppgdrs to kg thg [dnb [odm. Dednc, wg mo cot

lcow how boce hg wds gjpboygm or for whn`h rdnbrodm hg worlgm.

Fobbownce hns gjpboyjgct wnth Djgrn`dc @hdnc, Erdcmpd worlgm dt Gdst

[nmegbdwc @gjgtgry oc Jdnc Ptrggt nc @bnftoc ds d erdvgmneegr dcm gvgctudbby

rgtnrgm froj thdt aok. Hg wdblgm to dcm froj worl mdnby. ]hg trnp froj Bycmhurst

to @bnftoc wds dpproxnjdtgby 0 jnbgs.


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08

Gdrby Bnfg

Fobbownce thgnr wgmmnce nt ns cot gxd`tby lcowc whgrg Erdcmpd dcm

Erdcmjd rgsnmgm kut Duct ]gssng kgbngvgm thgy bnvgm sojgwhgrg oc [ojdPtrggt nc Cutbgy. Duct [osng provnmgm dc ncsneht thdt bgdms us to kgbngvg thdt dftgr

thgy wgrg fnrst jdrrngm thgy prokdkby bnvgm wnth rgbdtnvgs sojgwhgrg nc Dvocmdbg.

Ds of ygt N hdvg kggc ucdkbg to moùjgct thgnr rgsnmgc`g froj 4>49 @gcsus

rgòrms. ]hns jdy kg mug to thg fd`t thdt thgy jdy hdvg bnlgby kggc oc thg jovg

murnce thg ygdr.

]hg towc of Cutbgy dt thns tnjg wds kgenccnce to erow. Nts popubdtnoc nc

4>49 wds aust ovgr 6999. Dt thg tnjg our Erdcmpdrgcts jdrrngm thg towc hdm

gctgrgm dc grd thdt sdw strggts dcm snmgwdbls kgnce kunbt, thg gxtgcsnoc of wdtgr

jdncs dcm thg jgtgrnce of wdtgr usg, cot to jgctnoc thg òbbg`tnoc of tdxgs dcm

wdtgr knbbs, dcm thg bn`gcsnce of sdboocs, moes dcm pgmmbgrs. Jucn`npdb sgrvn`gs

dcm oredcnzdtnocs su`h ds fnrghousgs, `hur`hgs dcm cgw s`hoobs wgrg dbso

kgnce kunbt.

]hgrg drg co rgòrms or rgòbbg`tnocs ds to how our Erdcmpdrgcts jdmg d

bnvnce nc thgnr gdrby jdrrngm bnfg. Nc dbb bnlgbnhoom Erdcmjd stdygm hojg dcm

tgcmgm to mojgstn` `horgs whnbg Erdcmpd worlgm ds d bdkorgr, possnkby nc thg

cgdrky qudrry.

Off to Ygccsybvdcnd

Pojgtnjg nc 4>49, Erdcmpd dcm Erdcmjd drg kgbngvgm to hdvg trdvgbgm

dpproxnjdtgby =99 jnbgs to thg sjdbb towc of @drcgeng Ygccsybvdcnd, whn`h ns


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0>

bo`dtgm southwgst of Ynttskureh nc Dbbgehgcy @oucty. ]hg cgwbywgms bnlgby

pro`ggmgm to thg @drcgeng drgd vnd rdnbrodm. D trdnc tool thgj froj Cutbgy to

]rgctoc dcm thgc octo Yhnbdmgbphnd dcm furthgr wgst to Ynttskureh. Dcothgr trdnc

froj Ynttskureh tool thgj to thg @drcgeng drgd. ]hg rgdsoc for thg jovg wds

`bgdrby nc pursunt of worl. ]hg ncmustry of jncnce kntujncous òdb ergw d ergdt

mgdb nc thg gdrby twgctngth `gctury. Unth thns erowth `djg thg cggm for jorg

worlgrs jost of whoj wgrg ucslnbbgm dcm who worlgm for `hgdp wdegs.

Erdcmpd `grtdncby woubm fnt ncto thns `dtgeory of worlgr. Uorlgrs `djg froj dbb

ovgr thg òuctry to worl nc thg jncgs, sgglnce d kgttgr bnfg nc Djgrn`d dcm hopnce

to fncm eoom pdynce aoks.

Nt rgjdncs uclcowc ds to gxd`tby whgc thgy bgft Cutbgy for @drcgeng. Ug

`dc spgùbdtg thdt pgrhdps nt wds nc thg sprnce or gdrby sujjgr of 4>49.

Erdcmjd bnlgby kg`djg prgecdct nc Dprnb of 4>49 dcm so Erdcmpd, who wds cow

dc gxpg`tdct fdthgr, cggmgm to provnmg for hns cgw fdjnby dcm so hg bnlgby soueht

opportucntngs for sustdncgm gjpboyjgct. Aust how Erdcmpd bgdrcgm dkout thg

jncgs nc thg @drcgeng drgd or why thgy wgct to thns pdrtnùbdr rgenoc ns cot

prgsgctby lcowc. Bnlgby d rgbdtnvg or frngcm sgct worm kd`l to Dvocmdbg thdt

opportucntngs for worl nc thg jncgs gxnstgm. Uorm prokdkby sprgdm djoce

Erdcmpds òctgjpordrngs dcm so hgdrnce of thg opportucntngs thdt dwdntgm thgj,

off thgy wgct. ]hns thgory sggjs to kg nc derggjgct wnth sojgthnce Duct ]gssng

tobm jg nc 4>>;. Phg sdnm thdt sojgocg tobm our Erdcmpdrgcts thdt worl jneht

kg dvdnbdkbg nc thg @drcgeng drgd. Phg of òursg hgdrm thns froj ocg or koth of

hgr pdrgcts. Phg òubm cot offgr dcy furthgr ncsneht ds to who nt jdy hdvg kggc

thdt provnmgm thg ncforjdtnoc.

Duct ]gssngs knrth `grtnfn`dtg ncmn`dtgs thdtshg wds korc nc @drcgeng

Ygccsybvdcnd oc Adcudry 48, 4>44, kut aust whgrg nc @drcgeng rgjdncs d

jystgry. Nc pursunt of thns dcswgr jy wnfg Kdrkdrd dcm N vnsntgm Ynttskureh dcm


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=9

@drcgeng nc Covgjkgr of ;944. Ug stoppgm dt thg Ygccsybvdcnd stdtg vntdb

stdtnstn`s mgpdrtjgct, thg Ynttskureh dr`hmno`gsg, thg @drcgeng Bnkrdry dt

@drcgeng Jgbboc Wcnvgrsnty dcm thg @drcgeng hnstorn`db so`ngty nc thg hopg of

fncmnce thg hojg whgrg our Erdcmpdrgcts bnvgm.

Uhdt wg mnsòvgrgm ns thdt thg fdjnby vgry bnlgby mnm cot bnvg nc @drcgeng

propgr kut rdthgr ocg of thg jdcy sjdbb sgttbgjgcts thdt wgrg kunbt ky òdb

òjpdcngs lcowc ds pdt`h towcs or òdb pdt`hgs. ]o egt d sgcsg of whdt nt

just hdvg kggc bnlg bnvnce nc d òdb pdt`h N vnsntgm thg GxpborgYDhnstory.òj wgk

sntg. Uhdt N foucm wds thdt cot ocby mnm thg òjpdcngs kunbm thg jncg dcm dbb of

nts kunbmnces, kut thgy kunbt thg òjpdcy storg whgrg dbb thg jncgrs dcm fdjnbngs

òubm kuy thgnr suppbngs, oftgc usnce d systgj lcowc ds òjpdcy "s`rnp" whn`h

snjpby jgdct thdt thg òst of dcy òjjomntngs wgrg mgmu`tgm froj thgnr

;944@OY^ OF KN[]H @G[]NFN@D]G OFDWC] ]GPPNG


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=4

pdy`hg`ls. ]hg òjpdcy kunbt thg worlgrshousgs dcm thgc rgctgm thgj to thg

jncgr fdjnbngs whnbg thgy worlgm nc thg jncg. Pojgtnjgs thg òjpdcy woubm

dbso kunbm d `hur`h, d s`hoob, dcm possnkby d post offn`g. Nc thgsg pdt`hgs thg

jncgrs bnvgm, oftgc sgttbnce dboce gthcn` bncgs ncto cgnehkorhooms.

Pojg òjpdcngs kunbt poor qudbnty housgs for thg jncgrs. For gxdjpbg thg

roofs bgdlgm, wncm `djg throueh wdbbs wnth co pbdstgr, gt`. ]hg housgs wgrg

mgsnecgm to kg kunbt qun`lby. Nc ormgr for thg housgs to kg kunbt qun`lby, thg

òjpdcy usudbby kunbt thg sdjg typg of housg, so dbb thg housgs boolgm thg

sdjg. Pgvgrdb mgsnecs wgrg usgm nc vdrnous pdt`h towcssu`h ds row housgs,

whn`h wgrg `hgdp to kunbm snc`g thgy shdrgm wdbbs, dcm dbso two-story moukbghousgs. ]hgy wgrg `dbbgm moukbg housgs kg`dusg nt wds ocg kunbmnce, kut

mnvnmgm ncto two sgpdrdtg housgs ncsnmg whn`h òubm hobm ocg fdjnby oc gd`h snmg

of thg housg. ]hgsg moukbg housgs woubm hdvg = to 6 roojs pgr snmg. Kghncm thg

housgs woubm kg thg moukbg outhousg. Oftgc fdjnbngs woubm tdlg nc kodrmgrs to

krnce nc jorg jocgy. ]hgsg kodrmgrs pdnm for d pbd`g to bnvg, jgdbs, dcm bducmry

mocg. Dt tnjgs thgrg woubm kg two fdjnbngs oc ocg snmg, pbus sncebg jncg

kodrmgrs, jdlnce 47 to ;9 pgopbg bnvnce nc ocg sjdbb housg. ]hg housgs wgrg

vgry snjpbg nc thgnr furcnshnces dcm prnjntnvg nc fuc`tnocthgy mnm cot hdvg

ruccnce wdtgr or gbg`trn`nty. Ds ncmn`dtgm thg jncgrs pdnm thg òjpdcy rgct for

thgsg housgs. ]hg òjpdcngs òubm gvn`t jncgrs nf thgy aoncgm d strnlg or spolg

out dedncst thg òjpdcy. Dboce wnth thg rgctdb of thg housg, thg fdjnbngs usudbby

dbso rg`gnvgm d sjdbb png`g of bdcm upoc whn`h thgy òubm erow vgegtdkbgs. Cot

lcownce thg jncg whgrg Erdcmpd worlgm, wg `dccot mgtgrjncg whdt typg of

hojg thg fdjnby bnvgm nc or nf thgy hdm kodrmgrs bnvnce wnth thgj, dbthoueh N

`dccot njdencg Erdcmpd rgctnce spd`g ucbgss nt wds sojgocg hg lcgw or

trustgm. Nt jdy dbso kggc possnkbg thdt hg dcm Erdcmjd wgrg kodrmnce wnth

dcothgr fdjnby.


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=;

] YN@DB @ODB YD]@H]OUC.N] NP KGBNGVGM OW[ E[DCMYD[GC]P BNVGM NCPW@H D @OJJWCN]^ NC ]HG @D[CG ENG YDD[GD UHG[GDWC] ]GPPNG UDP

KO[C.

Pdynce thdt bnfg

wds hdrsh for thg

jncgrs dcm thgnr

fdjnbngs jneht kg dc

ucmgrstdtgjgct.

Jncnce wds

gxtrgjgby

mdcegrous. Bnlg

jost òdb jncgrs

Erdcmpd prokdkby

worlgm 49 to 4= hour

mdys dcm gdrcgm

kdrgby gcoueh to

provnmg for d fdjnby. Erdcmjd prokdkby stdrtgm hgr mdys gdrby wnth fnxnce buc`h for

Erdcmpd dcm thgc worlnce hdrm monce thg housgworl, sgwnce, òolnce,

edrmgcnce, dcm oc`g Duct ]gssng wds korc, `hnbm rgdrnce.

Ocg of thg mnffnùbtngs nc bo`dtnce thg gxd`t òdb pdt`h whgrg Erdcmjd dcm

Erdcmpd bnvgm dcm Duct ]gssng wds korc ns mug to thg fd`t thdt so jdcy jncgs

gxnstgm dt thg tnjg dcm vgry fgw òdb òjpdcy gjpboygg rgòrms gxnst

tomdy. Jost òdb òjpdcy gjpboygg rgòrms hdvg kggc bost or mgstroygm dftgr

thg jncgs wgrg `bosgm. ]hg stdtg jdnctdncs sojg rgòrms, kut egcgrdbby ocby nc

thg `dsg whgrg d jncgr wds lnbbgm or ncaurgm. ]hg bnlgbnhoom of mnsòvgrnce thg

gxd`t jncg or jncgs whgrg Erdcmpd worlgm ns gxtrgjgby rgjotg dcm so

ucfortucdtgby wg wnbb prokdkby cgvgr lcow.


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=0

Cgxt Ptop1 Jnccgsotd

Pojgtnjg sooc dftgr thg knrth of Duct ]gssng thg fdjnby ns kgbngvgm to hdvgrgbo`dtgm to thg drgd of Cdshwdul, Jnccgsotd whn`h wds dkout 4,999 jnbgs froj

@drcgeng. Duct ]gssng rg`dbbgm hgdrnce thdt thg fdjnby jovgm oc kg`dusg worl

hdm kgòjg s`dr`g.

Ds ncmn`dtgm gdrbngr, nt sggjs thdt Erdcmjds snstgr Pdctd (cgg Edkrngbg)

@hnjgcto jdy hdvg kggc bnvnce nc Cdshwdul dt thg tnjg. Dcothgr possnknbnty

gjgregm whgc nt wds bgdrcgm thdt d `bosg frngcm of Erdcmpd lcowc ds Vnc`gczo

]ncmnbbo @gbnò, jdy dbso hdvg kggc bnvnce nc thg Cdshwdul drgd dcm jdy hdvg

òctd`tgm Erdcmpd rgedrmnce dvdnbdkbg worl. Ds d jdttgr of fd`t Vnc`gczo

@gbnò jdy hdvg kggc jorg thdc d `bosg frngcm dcm jdy hdvg ncmggm kggc

Erdcmpds òusnc. Nc d suksgqugct `hdptgr you wnbb bgdrc thdt Erdcmpds

erdcmjothgr wds Jdrnd @gbnò.

]hg Nroc [dceg [gsgdr`h @gctgr Cdturdbnzdtnoc [gòrm Ncmgx (N[[@C[)

ncmn`dtgs thdt d Vnc`gczo @gbnò bnvgm nc Ntds`d @oucty, whn`h ns thg òucty whgrg

Cdshwdul ns bo`dtgm. Uhgthgr thns ns thg sdjg pgrsoc ds Erdcmpds frngcm ns

uclcowc dt thg prgsgct. Unthout furthgr ncqunry dbb wg mo lcow ns thdt thns

pdrtnùbdr Vnc`gczo bnvgm thgrg sojgtnjg kgtwggc 487= dcm 4>75 dcm thdt hns

wnfgs cdjg wds Aosgphncd.(Bo`dtnoc1 N]DP@D Ptdtg1 JNCCGPO]D [ggb #1 0

Vob #1 7 @omg #1 5 Ydeg #1 =4=) Dbso mnsòvgrgm nc thg Jnccgsotd Ptdtgwnmg

Mdtdkdsg for Dbngc [genstrdtnocs ucmgr thg N[[@C[ thgrg ns d bnstnce for d Pdcmd

(sn`) @hnjgcto who ns ncmn`dtgm to kg 09 ygdrs obm (@oucty1 Ntds`d @nty1

Cdshwdul Ptdtg1 JNCCGPO]D Deg1 09 [obb #1 5; Frdjg #1 9488) ]hns jdy vgry

wgbb kg thg bnstnce for Erdcmjds krothgr-nc-bdw Pdcto. ]hgsg bgdms jdy kg bgft


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to sojg futurg rgsgdr`hgr to gxpborg furthgr. Froj whdt N òubm edthgr thns drgd

ns d jncnce rgenoc dcm so Erdcmpd jdy hdvg spgct sojg tnjg worlnce nc d bo`db

nroc org jncg. D`òrmnce to thg wgk sntg Njjnerdct jnerdtnocs froj Corthgrc dcm

Pouthgrc Guropg provnmgm thg kubl of thg bdkor cggmgm for ucmgreroucm dcm

opgc pnt jncnce opgrdtnocs. Nt ns cot `bgdr how dkucmdct worl nc thg jncgs wds

murnce our Erdcmpdrgcts tnjg nc Cdshwdul.

D`òrmnce to ncforjdtnoc provnmgm ky @rnstncd Pdppornto, Vnc`gczo @gbnò

just hdvg òjg to Cutbgy to vnsnt hns krothgr Cdtdbg @gbnò, who bnvgm

sojgwhgrg cgdr Hoby Fdjnby @hur`h. Vnc`gczo tobm Cdtdbg dkout how mnffnùbt nt

wds for Erdcmpd dcm Erdcmjd to kg bnvnce nc Jnccgsotd gvnmgctby mug to d bd`lof worl. Cdtdbg prgsujdkby tobm Vnc`gczo to hdvg Erdcmpd rgturc to Cutbgy.

Froj whdt N hdvg hgdrm froj othgr sour`gs nt dppgdrgm thdt thg Jnccgsotd wnctgr

wds too sgvgrg to thgnr bnlnce, dcm so Erdcmjd dcm Erdcmpd bgft.

Nt ns cot `bgdr gxd`tby how boce thgy rgjdncgm nc Jnccgsotd howgvgr nt ns

cot thoueht to kg of dcy snecnfn`dct murdtnoc pgrhdps, bgss thdc d ygdr. D`òrmnce

to Duct ]gssng, murnce thgnr stdy nc Cdshwdul Erdcmjd edvg knrth to dcothgr

mduehtgr cdjgm Jdrnd. Nt kgbngvgm thdt shg mngm nc knrth or shortby thgrgdftgr. N

hdvg trngm to moùjgct thns fd`t, kut hdvg kggc ucsu``gssfub thus fdr. ]hg

`hur`h nc thg drgd dt thg tnjg hds co rgòrm of d knrth or mgdth for Jdrnd.

Kd`l to Ntdby

Ds ncmn`dtgm, nt wds prokdkby d òjkncdtnoc of bnttbg worl dcm thg gxtrgjg

òbm wgdthgr thdt projptgm Erdcmpd dcm Erdcmjd sojgtnjg nc bdtg 4>4; or

gdrby 4>40 to mg`nmg thdt thg fdjnby shoubm rgturc to Ntdby dcm so thgy bgft

Jnccgsotd. Nt ns cot gctnrgby `bgdr, kut nt sggjs thgy mnm cot dbb rgturc to Cutbgy


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=7

toegthgr. ]hg ncforjdtnoc sueegsts thdt Erdcmjd dcm Duct ]gssng pro`ggmgm

thg 4,099 jnbgs to Cutbgy dhgdm of Erdcmpd dcm thgc wgct oc mnrg`tby to Ntdby.

Gvnmgctby Erdcmpd sdnm hg wds eonce to rgturc to Ntdby ds wgbb dcm sobm whdt bnttbg

thgy hdm nc Jnccgsotd dcm gvgctudbby fobbowgm to Dvocmdbg. Pgvgrdb d`òucts

pbd`g Duct ]gssngsdeg dt kgtwggc ocg dcm d hdbf dcm two ygdrs obm whgc shg

dcm Erdcmjd mgpdrtgm for Ntdby, whn`h derggs wnth thg gstnjdtgm tnjg frdjg for

thgnr bgdvnce ds sueegstgm dkovg.

For whdtgvgr rgdsoc, Erdcmpd mg`nmgm to rgjdnc nc thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs.

Bnvnce nc Dvocmdbg murnce thns pgrnom of tnjg wgrg Erdcmpd s snstgrs Qnd [osd

dcm Qnd Erdznd. Ug `dc spgùbdtg thdt hg prokdkby stdygm wnth ocg thgj forsojg tnjg or pgrhdps wnth sojg of hns obm frngcms.

D`òrmnce to Duct ]gssng Erdcmjd dcm Duct ]gssng rgturcgm to thg hojg

of Erdcmjds pdrgcts who bnvgm nc d rurdb drgd of D`rn lcowc ds Pgrn`gbbd whn`h

ns dbso rgfgrrgm to nc egcgrdb ds @hn bd kdcd Juòcg. Nt ns kgbngvgm thgy dbso

vnsntgm Erdcmpds pdrgcts ds wgbb. Gx`gpt for thg tnjg aust prnor to thgnr rgturc to

thg W.P., nt ns kgbngvgm thgy cgvgr rg`gnvgm dcy òjjucn`dtnocs froj Erdcmpd.

Duct ]gssng tobm thg story thdt shg woubm dsl Erdcmjd why shg hds co

krothgrs dcm snstgrs. Erdcmjd woubm show hgr d jdrl oc hgr lcgg dcm sdy thdt

Erdcmpd hds thg lgy dcm thdt whgc hg gvgctudbby òjgs thgy wnbb egt thg lgy

dcm Duct ]gssngs wnsh wnbb kg fubfnbbgm. Gvnmgctby Obm Ntdbndc foblborg wds thdt

kdkngs wgrg korc froj thg lcgg.

Duct ]gssng wgct to s`hoob nc Ntdby. Phg woubm sojgtnjgs ùt s`hoob dcm

pucnshjgct woubm kg swnft dcm `grtdnc whn`h jgdct shg woubm egt hnt.


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Gvgctudbby thgy hgdrm froj Erdcmpd, who dftgr kgnce mns`hdregm froj thg

drjy, sgct for Erdcmjd. Froj whdt wg cow lcow Erdcmjd rg`gnvgm sojg sort

of stnpgcm froj thg W.P. eovgrcjgct. Nc hns `ojjucn`dtnoc Erdcmpd ns kgbngvgmto hdvg sdnm thdt hg hdm swgdtkboom for thg jocgy Erdcmjd rg`gnvgm. Hg

`hnmgm hgr wnth worms to thg gffg`t Moct thncl yourg eonce to egt thg `hg`l dcm

spgcm jocgy. Nt ns cot gctnrgby lcowc for how boce Erdcmjd rg`gnvgm

eovgrcjgct fncdc`ndb dssnstdc`g howgvgr nt wds bnlgby murnce thg pgrnom of

Erdcmpds d`tnvg sgrvn`g. Phg gvnmgctby d``rugm suffn`ngct fucms to pdy for hgr

dcm Duct ]gssngs rgturc pdssdeg.

Kd`l to thg WP

[g`orms oktdncgm froj

Gbbns Nsbdcm ncmn`dtg thdt

Erdcmjd dcm Duct ]gssng

rgturcgm to thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs,

dboce wnth Erdcmjds

youcegst snstgr @drjncgbbd, oc

Adcudry ;7, 4>;4. ]hgy

mgpdrtgm Cdpbgs oc Adcudry

4;th of thg sdjg ygdr dkodrm

thg PP Mu`d Mgebn Dkruzzn dcm

bnlg jost poor njjnerdcts trdvgbgm stggrdeg. Nctgrgstnceby dcm nrocn`dbby thg cdjg

of thg shnps `dptdnc wds Enub Pnjocg.

Erdcmjd dcm Duct ]gssng rgturcgm to thg Wcntgm Ptdtgs dftgr cgdrby d >-

ygdr dksgc`g. Erdcmpd hdm kggc out of thg drjy for sgvgrdb ygdrs dcm nt ns cot

]HG MW@D MGEBN DK[WQQN NP ]HG PHNY ]HD] ][DCPYO[]GME[DCMJD DCM DWC] ]GPPNG KD@L ]O ]HG WP DF]G[ CGD[B^ D

>^GD[ DKPGC@G


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lcowc whdt hg mnm to support hnjsgbf nc thg nctgrvgcnce ygdrs or whgrg hg

rgsnmgm. ]hg rgòrms ncmn`dtg thdt thgy drrnvgm nc thg port of Cgw ôrl, whn`h for

njjnerdcts usudbby jgdct Gbbns Nsbdcm. Howgvgr, d`òrmnce to Duct ]gssng,

Erdcmpd jgt thgj dt thg kdttgry nc Kroolbyc. Duct ]gssng hdm aust turcgm tgc

whgc thgy rgturcgm dcm wds sojgwhdt òcfusgm whgc shg sdw Erdcmpd. Phg

thoueht Erdcmpd woubm hdvg kggc hdppngr to sgg Erdcmjd, kut ncstgdm hg

gjkrd`gm Duct ]gssng fnrst dcm wds lnssnce hgr dcm tgbbnce hgr how ju`h hg

jnssgm hgr.

D`òrmnce to Duct ]gssng upoc thgnr rgturc thg fdjnby bnvgm oc Hujkgrt

Ptrggt cgxt moor to ocg of Erdcmpds mgdr frngcm @drjncgJdbbdrngbo @hnjgcto,nc whdt hds kgòjg lcowc ds Yntgbbgs housg.Qn @drjncgbbd dbso bnvgm wnth thgj

dt thns tnjg. Nt ns kgbngvgm thdt thg fdjnby bnvgm nc two roojs nc thg housg thdt wds

owcgm ky Erdcmpds ùjkdrg, Vnc`gczo ]grrdcovd. ôu wnbb rg`dbb thdt Vnc`gczo

wds Erdcmpds kgst jdc dcm vgry bnlgby hns kgst frngcm.

]grrdcovd hdm two hojgs nc thg drgd ovgr thg ygdrs. ]hg ocg thdt shows

up nc d 4>;5 mnrg`tory dt 07 Hujkgrt Ptrggt ns thg housg rgfgrrgm to hgrg. ]hg

4>;8 Cutbgy mnrg`tory shows thdt thg ]grrdcovds jovgm to dcothgr housg

bo`dtgm oc Ppurr Ybd`g nc Cutbgy, njjgmndtgby dmad`gct to whdt bdtgr kg`djg thg

@ofocg Cutbgy hojgstgdm.

Ds ncmn`dtgm dkovg ]grrdcovds housg ns dbso rgfgrrgm to bd `dsd mn

Yntgbbg. Yntgbbg wds d cn`lcdjg for ]grrdcovd.

]hg towc of Cutbgy hdm erowc snecnfn`dctby murnce Erdcmjds tgc ygdr

dksgc`g. Gvnmgctby thg gòcojn` prospgrnty of thg 4>;9s wds kgnce gxpgrngc`gm


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=8

to sojg mgergg nc Cutbgy ds wgbb. ]hg popubdtnoc nc`rgdsgm to cgdrby >999.

[gportgmby thgrg wds d eoom mgdb of optnjnsj. Nt wds nc thns pgrnom thdt Erdcmpd

jdcdegm to kuy thg Cutbgy, dcm thgc bdtgr, Bycmhurst hojgstgdms dcm jost of

thg `hnbmrgc wgrg korc. Ug mo cot lcow whdt Erdcmpd mnm for d bnvnce murnce thns

tnjg. Nt ns ncmggm possnkbg thdt hg jdy hdvg worlgm for thg Kgbbgvnbbg Bdcm dcm

Ptocg @ojpdcy thdt opgrdtgm thg krowcstocg qudrry oc Ydrl Dvgcug dcm froj

whoj hg pur`hdsgm thg Cutbgy hojgstgdm. Howgvgr oc`g thg Ergdt Mgprgssnoc

drrnvgm nc 4>;>, thg fdjnby, bnlg thg rgst of thg `ouctry, woubm hdvg to gcmurg

sgvgrg hdrmshnps thdt shdpgm thg wdy thgy bnvgm thg rgst of thgnr bnvgs.


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=>

@hdptgr =Erdcmpd Jnbntdry Pgrvn`g

Kgbow ns d òpy of Erdcmpds Hocordkbg Mns`hdreg @grtnfn`dtg, whn`h

shows thdt Erdcmpd sgrvgm nc thg W.P. Drjy murnce Uorbm Udr 4. Hg dttdncgm

thg rdcl of prnvdtg fnrst `bdss dcm wds pdrt of thg 095th Bdkor @ojpdcy

Tudrtgrjdstgr @orp. N dj cot surg gxd`tby whdt spg`nfn` aoks hg pgrforjgm kut N

njdencg hg wds usgm for vdrnous jdcudb bdkor mgtdnbs, whn`h òubm jgdc aust

dkout dcythnce thdt rgqunrgm d stroce kd`l.

Djgrn`d gctgrgm ncto Uorbm Udr 4 nc Dprnb of 4>45. Nc Jdy of thdt ygdr ]hgPgbg`tnvg Pgrvn`g D`t wds `rgdtgm thdt rgqunrgm dbb jdbg pgrsocs kgtwggc thg

degs of ;4 dcm 09 to rgenstgr for sgrvn`g. Kgnce ;> dt thg tnjg, Erdcmpd wds

sukag`tgm to thgsg rgqunrgjgcts. ]hg ncntndb rgenstrdtnocs kgedc nc Aucg of 4>45.

Erdcmpd rgenstgrgm dcm wds mrdftgm. Hns mns`hdreg `grtnfn`dtg ncmn`dtgs

thdt hg wds ncmu`tgm ncto thg drjy oc Jdy ;8, 4>48 dt Cgwdrl, Cgw Agrsgy. ]o

put thnces nc pgrspg`tnvg, hns gctry ncto thg Drjy o`ùrrgm dkout snx ygdrs dftgr

Erdcmjd dcm Duct ]gssng bgft for Ntdby. Nc gxdjncnce thg vdrnous mrdft `dtgeorngs,

Erdcmpd òubm hdvg kggc gxgjpt mug to gxtrgjg hdrmshnp, whn`h nc`bumgm

jdrrngm rgenstrdcts wnth mgpgcmgct spousg dcm / or `hnbmrgc wnth ncsuffn`ngct

fdjnby ncòjg. Gnthgr ky mgsnec or grror hg wds dppdrgctby mrdftgm ucmgr sojg

othgr mrdft `dtgeory. Nt jdy kg thdt ncntndbby hg jdy hdvg bgm duthorntngs to kgbngvg

thdt Erdcmjd wds bnvnce nc Ntdby wnth hgr pdrgcts dcm thdt hg jdy cot hdvg kggc

mnrg`tby provnmnce for hgr dcm Duct ]gssng. Dcothgr possnknbnty jdy kg thdt

Erdcmpd wds cot too forthòjnce wnth thg trug fd`ts rgedrmnce hns fdjnby stdtus

kg`dusg hg sdw thg Drjy ds d sour`g of stgdmy ncòjg ds wgbb ds thg sgùrnty of

lcownce whgrg your cgxt jgdb wds òjnce froj dcm frgg shgbtgr. Hg jdy dbso


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hdvg mnsòvgrgm thdt sgrvn`g to thg òuctry wds d fdst trd`l to W.P. `ntnzgcshnp

dcm pgrhdps othgr kgcgfnts dftgr thg wdr. Wctnb su`h tnjg thdt hns fubb jnbntdry

rgòrm jneht kgòjg dvdnbdkbg, thg truth jdy cgvgr kg lcowc ds to why

Erdcmpd wds cot gxgjpt froj thg mrdft.

Dt thg tnjg of Erdcmpds ncmu tnoc Uorbm Udr N wds oc-eonce dcm ovgr thg

cgxt sgvgrdb jocths thg Egrjdc drjy bduc`hgm sgvgrdb ucsu``gssfub offgcsnvgs.

Dbbngm òuctgr dttd`ls wgdlgcgm thg Egrjdc for`gs. Nc d bgss thdc 8 jocths thg

wdr woubm kg ovgr. Fobbownce ncmu`tnoc, Erdcmpd woubm hdvg ncntndbby ucmgreocg

dkout snx wggls of koot `djp whgrg hg trdncgm for thg wdr. Nt ns cot `bgdr whgrg

hg òcmu`tgm hns ncntndb trdncnce. @djp Mnx, bo`dtgm nc Urnehtstowc, CA, woubmhdvg kggc d boen`db `hon`g howgvgr dftgr Jdy of 4>48, nt wds usgm ds

gjkdrldtnoc `djp for troops eonce ovgrsgds. Bdtgr nt wds mgsnecdtgm ds d

mgjoknbnzdtnoc dcm ds mgkdrldtnoc `djp. Ds fdr N dc mgtgrjncg, Erdcmpd wds

cgvgr sgct ovgrsgds or wds ncvobvgm nc òjkdt. Ocg ucòrrokordtgm story ns thdt

hg wds oc d jnbntdry shnp sdnbnce to Guropg whgc thg wdr gcmgm dcm thg shnp

njjgmndtgby rgturcgm to port nc thg WP. ]hg gcm of thg wdr o`ùrrgm nc Covgjkgr

of 4>48, kut thg Egrjdcs hdm rgqugstgm dc drjnstn`g nc thg kgenccnce of

O`tokgr. Nf thg story dkout Erdcmpds mgpboyjgct ns òrrg`t, thgc nt bnlgby

o`ùrrgm sojgtnjg nc Pgptgjkgr of 4>48.

Nc thg kgenccnce of 4>4> thg drjy kgedc to mgjoknbnzg dcm sgrvn`g jgc

kgedc rgturcnce hojg. Erdcmpd wds dppdrgctby hocordkby mns`hdregm oc Jdr`h

48, 4>4> froj @djp Jnbbs nc Boce Nsbdcm, Cgw ôrl dftgr dkout tgc jocths of

sgrvn`g.

Wpoc `bosgr ncspg`tnoc thgrg dppgdrs to kg dc grror oc thg moùjgct

rgedrmnce hns deg. Nt sdys thdt hg wds ;8 whgc hg gcbnstgm nc 4>48. Howgvgr


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74

snc`g hg wds korc nc Mg`gjkgr of 4888, hg woubm hdvg kggc ;> whgc hg wgct

ncto thg sgrvn`g nc Jdy of 4>48. Ds you `dc sgg froj thg mdtgs, nt sggjs thdt hg

spgct bgss thdc d ygdr nc thg sgrvn`g. Hns cdturdbnzdtnoc pdpgrs ncmn`dtg thdt hg

wds ;5 ygdrs obm nc Auby of 4>48, dcothgr grror. Cocg of thg moùjgcts rgqunrgm

d mdtg of knrth so jy suspn`noc ns thdt gnthgr thgy dslgm Erdcmpd hns deg dcm

rgòrmgm whdt thgy wgrg tobm ky hnj or pgrhdps rg`gnvgm thg ncforjdtnoc throueh

d trdcsbdtor, who jnsucmgrstoom whdt Erdcmpd wds sdynce.

]hg mns`hdreg `grtnfn`dtg dbso shows thdt hg wds jdrrngm dcm ncmn`dtgs

thdt Erdcmpd wds mns`hdregm mug to mgpgcmgc`y. Egcgrdbby spgdlnce,

mgpgcmgc`y mns`hdregs drg kdsgm oc thg gjotnocdb hdrmshnp kgnce nc thg jnbntdryns `dusnce. Murnce thg tnjg thdt Erdcmpd wds nc thg drjy wg lcow thdt Erdcmjd

dcm Duct ]gssng wgrg bnvnce nc Ntdby. Erdcmpd gvnmgctby òcvnc`gm thg Drjy thdt

hg qudbnfngm ucmgr thg thgc gxnstnce rgqunrgjgcts for thns `dtgeory of Hocordkbg

Mns`hdreg.

Kdsgm oc d`òucts of fdjnby jgjkgrs wg dbso hdvg rgdsoc to kgbngvg thdt

Erdcmjd qudbnfngm dcm rg`gnvgm sojg forj of d jnbntdry stnpgcm, howgvgr wg drg

cot surg of thg murdtnoc or how ju`h shg d`tudbby rg`gnvgm. Nt wds dbso cot jdmg

`bgdr nf thg jocgy `djg ds d rgsubt of Erdcmpd sgcmnce jocgy to Ntdby or vnd thg

eovgrcjgct mnrg`tby. Nt woubm sggj pbdusnkbg thdt thg stnpgcm jdy hdvg kggc

pdnm murnce sojg sgejgct of Erdcmpds jnbntdry sgrvn`g tnjg dcm prokdkby

`gdsgm oc`g hg wds mns`hdregm.

]hg mns`hdreg pdpgr eogs oc to sdy thdt Erdcmpd wds of gx`gbbgct

`hdrd`tgr dcm thdt hns sgrvn`g wds hocgst, fdnthfub wnth co DUOB. Hg wds gctntbgm

to trdvgb pdy whn`h nc`bumgm d trdnc tn`lgt dt ;/0 thg rgeubdr rdtg to Cgwdrl. Hg

dbso rg`gnvgm d kocus of $69.99.


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ôu wnbb cotn`g thdt thg mns`hdreg pdpgrs spgbb hns cdjg ds @Dfocg. ôu

wnbb dbso cotn`g thdt Erdcmpd òubm cot wrntg dcm thgrgforg jdmg hns jdrl,

whn`h ns mgsnecdtgm ds dc X, nc pbd`g of d wrnttgc snecdturg.

]hgrg ns d mdtg of Auby 7 wrnttgc nc pgc`nb dt thg top rneht òrcgr of pdeg

two of thg mns`hdreg pdpgr. N kgbngvg thns possnkby rgfgrs to thg mdtg hg kg`djg d

W.P. `ntnzgc.

E[DCMYD'P MNP@HD[EG DCM GCBNP]JGC] [G@O[M


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70

@hdptgr 7ErdcmpdsW.P. Cdturdbnzdtnoc

ErdcmpdsCdturdbnzdtnoc @grtnfn`dtg (sgg òpy kgbow) wds nssugmsojgtnjg nc Auby (possnkby thg =th or 7th) of 4>48, dpproxnjdtgby two jocths

pursudct to Erdcmpd gctgrnce ncto thg drjy. Nt sdys Erdcmpd wds ;5 ygdrs obm.

Hg ns bnstgm ds kgnce 7 fggt 7 nc`hgs tdbb, of jgmnuj òjpbgxnoc, krowc gygs,

dcm mdrl hdnr. Nc rgdbnty Erdcmpd wds ;> nc Auby of 4>48. Erdcmpds bdst cdjg nc

thg `grtnfn`dtg ns spgbbgm @Ofocg.

]hg `grtnfn`dtg ncmn`dtgs thdt hns wnfg, Dcegbncd, ns ;8 ygdrs obm dcm rgsnmgs

nc Edeorg, Ntdby wnth thgnr mduehtgr ]dzndcco who wds korc oc Adcudry 48, 4>44

nc Ynttskure, Y.D. Dt thg tnjg of Erdcmpds cdturdbnzdtnoc, Duct ]gssngwds

dpproxnjdtgby 6 ygdrs obm.

Ncntndbby, froj @hrnstncd Pdppornto, d snc`g mg`gdsgm rgbdtnvg who bnvgm oc

Hujkgrt Ptrggt nc Cutbgy, N bgdrcgm thdt Erdcmjd rgturcgm to thg Wcntgm Ptdtgssojgtnjg nc gnthgr 4>;9 or 4>;4, dpproxnjdtgby ocg ygdr kgforg Wc`bg Anjjy

wds korc. Jorg prg`nsgby, froj Gbbns Nsbdcm njjnerdtnoc rgòrms wg lcow thdt

Duct ]gssng dcm Erdcmjd rgturcgm froj Ntdby oc Adcudry ;7, 4>;4.

@hrnstncd rgòuctgm thg story thdt whgc shg `djg to Djgrn`d froj Ntdby nc

4>;9, shg kroueht wnth hgr d png`g of strnce whn`h Erdcmjd hdm envgc hgr. ]hg

bgceth of strnce wds gqunvdbgct to thg hgneht of Duct ]gssng. Nc thns wdy Erdcmpd

òubm edueg how tdbb Duct ]gssng hdm erowc.


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Erdcmjd oftgc sdnm thdt shg dcm Duct ]gssng wgrg nc Ntdby for cncg ygdrs.

]hdt woubm jdlg thgnr mgpdrturg mdtg froj thg WP sojgtnjg nc bdtg 4>44 or gdrby

to jnm-4>4; whgc Duct ]gssng wds stnbb dc ncfdct. @hrnstncd sggjs to rg`dbb thdt

Duct ]gssng wds dpproxnjdtgby ocg dcm d hdbf ygdrs obm whgc shg dcm Erdcmjd

rgturcgm to Ntdby, dcm ns nc derggjgct wnth thg proffgrgm gstnjdtg.

N `djg to bgdrc froj jy jothgr, who hds kggc d wgdbth of lcowbgmeg oc

thg gdrby fdjnby hnstory thdt Erdcmjd dcm Duct ]gssng wgct to stdy wnth

Erdcmpds fdthgr dcm jothgr, snc`g Erdcmjds owc jothgr wds mgdm. @hrnstncd

dbso jgctnocs thdt Erdcmjd dcm Duct ]gssng woubm oftgc stdy dt Erdcmpds

fdthgrs hojg.

Erdcmpd bnvgm nc d sg`tnoc of thg D`rn òuctrysnmg lcowc ds Yobn`drgtto.

Yrgsujdkby thgrg ns dc drgd, or d portnoc of Yobn`drgtto, lcowc ds Bd Eoced

(thg o ns procouc`gm ds d boce o su`h ds nc thg worm CO). Dednc nt sggjs quntg

bnlgby thdt Bd Eoced jdy hdvg kggc jnsucmgrstoom dcm wds rgòrmgm ds Edeorg

oc Erdcmpds cdturdbnzdtnoc pdpgrs. ]hg sdjg jnsucmgrstdcmnce dppdrgctby

o`ùrrgm wnth thg spgbbnce of Duct ]gssngs cdjg, whn`h ds ncmn`dtgm dkovg wds

prgsgctgm nc thg Cdturdbnzdtnoc moùjgct ds ]dzndcco. Erdcmjd procouc`gm

Duct

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The Cofone Family History 2nd Edition Revised