THE COLD WAR THE COLD WAR ESCALATESESCALATES

CHAPTER 26, SECTION 2CHAPTER 26, SECTION 2

CIVIL WAR IN CHINACIVIL WAR IN CHINA POST WAR SITUATION:POST WAR SITUATION:

• China Divided between rivals:China Divided between rivals: Communists: Led by Mao ZedongCommunists: Led by Mao Zedong Nationalists: Led by Chiang Kai-ShekNationalists: Led by Chiang Kai-Shek Both had fought Japanese in WW IIBoth had fought Japanese in WW II

• Who does the U.S. back?Who does the U.S. back? Nationalists: $3 Billion during WW IINationalists: $3 Billion during WW II Why?Why?

• Nationalists are Anti-CommunistNationalists are Anti-Communist• Communists are gaining popularityCommunists are gaining popularity• But…who supports the Communists?But…who supports the Communists?

Civil War: 1945 – 49Civil War: 1945 – 49• U.S. aids Nationalists: $2 BillionU.S. aids Nationalists: $2 Billion• Problem? Problem?

Chiang & his leadership = CORRUPTChiang & his leadership = CORRUPT Nationalists are inefficient fighting forceNationalists are inefficient fighting force Communists are very efficient & organizedCommunists are very efficient & organized Communists are very popular with Chinese peasantsCommunists are very popular with Chinese peasants

• So What? 95% of Chinese population = farmersSo What? 95% of Chinese population = farmers

POST-WAR CHINA LEADERSPOST-WAR CHINA LEADERS

MAO & STALINMAO & STALIN MAO & MAO & CHIANGCHIANG

CHINA TURNS COMMUNISTCHINA TURNS COMMUNIST May, 1949: Communists winMay, 1949: Communists win Effect?Effect?

• People’s Republic of China foundedPeople’s Republic of China founded• Mao Zedong is head of countryMao Zedong is head of country• Nationalists leave mainland ChinaNationalists leave mainland China

Exiled to Taiwan (Formosa)Exiled to Taiwan (Formosa) Chiang is President of Nationalist China on Chiang is President of Nationalist China on

TaiwanTaiwan

• ““TWO CHINAS” now existTWO CHINAS” now exist• CONTAINMENT? WHAT HAPPENED?CONTAINMENT? WHAT HAPPENED?

KOREAN PROBLEMSKOREAN PROBLEMS

ORIGIN: POST WW IIORIGIN: POST WW II• Korean Peninsula: Liberated by both Korean Peninsula: Liberated by both

U.S.& Soviet UnionU.S.& Soviet Union Northern half: Soviet ZoneNorthern half: Soviet Zone Southern half: U.S. ZoneSouthern half: U.S. Zone

• 3838thth Parallel: boundary between two Parallel: boundary between two zoneszones

• Result?Result? 2 new nations created2 new nations created

• North Korea (Communist)North Korea (Communist)• South Korea: (“Democratic”)South Korea: (“Democratic”)

• HAVE WE SEEN THIS BEFORE?HAVE WE SEEN THIS BEFORE?

KIM IL SUNGKIM IL SUNG

KIM IL SUNG & KIM JONG ILKIM IL SUNG & KIM JONG IL

THE KOREAN WARTHE KOREAN WAR When? When?

• 1950 – 531950 – 53 Where?Where?

• Korean PeninsulaKorean Peninsula• Fought in both countriesFought in both countries

Who?Who?• North KoreaNorth Korea• South KoreaSouth Korea• U.S.U.S.• Communist China (“Red” China)Communist China (“Red” China)• U.N. sides w/South KoreaU.N. sides w/South Korea• Soviets back China & North KoreaSoviets back China & North Korea

Key Individuals:Key Individuals:• U.S.: Gen. Douglas MacArthur, Pres. Harry TrumanU.S.: Gen. Douglas MacArthur, Pres. Harry Truman• S. Korea: Pres. Syngman RheeS. Korea: Pres. Syngman Rhee• N. Korea: Pres. Kim Il-SungN. Korea: Pres. Kim Il-Sung• China: Chairman Mao ZedongChina: Chairman Mao Zedong

KOREA,KOREA,

POST - WWIIPOST - WWII

THETHE

KOREAN KOREAN

WAR,WAR,

1950-531950-53

U.S. KOREAN WAR LEADERSU.S. KOREAN WAR LEADERS

MacARTHUR & TRUMANMacARTHUR & TRUMAN

DOUGLAS MacARTHURDOUGLAS MacARTHUR

THE KOREAN WAR (Cont’d.)THE KOREAN WAR (Cont’d.) Why?Why?

• June, 1950: N. Korea invades S. KoreaJune, 1950: N. Korea invades S. Korea• Stalin & Soviets back N. KoreaStalin & Soviets back N. Korea

Reaction?Reaction?• Truman orders U.S. military supportTruman orders U.S. military support• U.N. Security Council* calls on members to send U.N. Security Council* calls on members to send

available support to S. Korea available support to S. Korea • *What is UN Security Council: See p.752*What is UN Security Council: See p.752

WHERE HAVE WE SEEN THIS BEFORE?WHERE HAVE WE SEEN THIS BEFORE?• Gen. MacArthur commands UN & US forcesGen. MacArthur commands UN & US forces

What happens?What happens?• Initial Communist invasion very sucessfulInitial Communist invasion very sucessful• UN forces pushed back to S.E. corner of S. KoreaUN forces pushed back to S.E. corner of S. Korea• MacArthur launches Inchon landingsMacArthur launches Inchon landings• UN forces push Communists back to Chinese borderUN forces push Communists back to Chinese border• Nov., 1950: Communist China invadesNov., 1950: Communist China invades• UN forces pushed back to 38UN forces pushed back to 38thth parallel parallel• Fighting is brutalFighting is brutal

MacArthur & TrumanMacArthur & Truman

Relationship between two: PoorRelationship between two: Poor• MacArthur wanted to conduct war w/out MacArthur wanted to conduct war w/out

any restraints from U.S. Gov’tany restraints from U.S. Gov’t• Examples?:Examples?:

Mac wants to bomb supply routes inside Mac wants to bomb supply routes inside ChinaChina

Mac suggests using A-Bomb on ChinaMac suggests using A-Bomb on China Mac publicly criticizes Truman’s decisionsMac publicly criticizes Truman’s decisions

• Truman can’t allow insubordinationTruman can’t allow insubordination Result? Result? Truman fires MacArthurTruman fires MacArthur

END OF THE KOREAN WAREND OF THE KOREAN WAR Peace talks: Begin in 1951Peace talks: Begin in 1951 War has become a stalemateWar has become a stalemate July, 1953: July, 1953:

• Armistice is signedArmistice is signed• War endsWar ends• Border between 2 nations remains 38Border between 2 nations remains 38thth Parallel Parallel

Results?:Results?:• Borders are same as before the warBorders are same as before the war• Political structure of 2 nations remains the Political structure of 2 nations remains the

samesame• US Casualties: US Casualties: 54,000 KIA54,000 KIA• US Financial Cost: US Financial Cost: $20 billion$20 billion

Effect? Effect? • Containment: Successful?Containment: Successful?

COLD WAR ALIGNMENTS, 1950’sCOLD WAR ALIGNMENTS, 1950’s

CAPITALISM v. COMMUNISMCAPITALISM v. COMMUNISM