The Cold WarThe Cold War

UNIT 5 LESSON 2UNIT 5 LESSON 2

VocabularyVocabulary

1.1. Cold WarCold War

2.2. YaltaYalta

3.3. PotsdamPotsdam

4.4. NATONATO

5.5. Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

6.6. CommunismCommunism

7.7. Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

8.8. Korean WarKorean War

9.9. Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

10.10. Bay of PigsBay of Pigs

11.11. VietnamVietnam

12.12. Space RaceSpace Race

Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War

US, USSR, Great Britain unnatural allies during US, USSR, Great Britain unnatural allies during World War IIWorld War II US, Britain disagree with USSR’s policies & treatment US, Britain disagree with USSR’s policies & treatment

of citizensof citizens USSR sees the west as decadent and natural USSR sees the west as decadent and natural

ideological enemiesideological enemies

Yalta and Potsdam Conferences (1945)Yalta and Potsdam Conferences (1945) Big 3Big 3 Decided on USSR declaration of war vs. Japan, Decided on USSR declaration of war vs. Japan,

setting up of International Military Tribunalsetting up of International Military Tribunal Free elections for Eastern EuropeFree elections for Eastern Europe

Allies Meet in Berlin, 1945Allies Meet in Berlin, 1945

USSR, US, and USSR, US, and Britain agree on Britain agree on peace treatiespeace treaties

Problems between alliesProblems between allies

USSR Doesn’t want to leave Eastern USSR Doesn’t want to leave Eastern EuropeEurope

US, Britain want Eastern Europe to be free US, Britain want Eastern Europe to be free and democraticand democratic

Stalin Breaks PromisesStalin Breaks Promises

Stalin arranges pro-Stalin arranges pro-communist communist governments in governments in Eastern European Eastern European countriescountries

1946: “Iron Curtain” 1946: “Iron Curtain” descends descends

What do they want?What do they want?

Allies-Allies- A unified, allied GermanyA unified, allied Germany

Free, democratic Free, democratic elections in Europeelections in Europe

To stop communism from To stop communism from spreadingspreading

USSR (Russia)-USSR (Russia)- A weak, divided GermanyA weak, divided Germany

A “buffer” of friendly A “buffer” of friendly countries to protect its countries to protect its borderborder

To spread communism to To spread communism to neighborsneighbors

What is a cold War? What is a cold War?

Cold – no actual shots firedCold – no actual shots firedHot war- active military Hot war- active military

engagementengagementHow long did it go on?How long did it go on?From about 1945 to 1991From about 1945 to 1991

Atomic BombAtomic Bomb

U.S. Drops the Atomic Bomb on JapanU.S. Drops the Atomic Bomb on Japan Yalta Conference 1945 Stalin, Churchill, Yalta Conference 1945 Stalin, Churchill,

And FDR – Needed to figure what was And FDR – Needed to figure what was going to be done with Europe after the wargoing to be done with Europe after the war

Agreed on free elections in PolandAgreed on free elections in Poland With the election in Poland it looked like it With the election in Poland it looked like it

was going to be anti USSR so Stalin was going to be anti USSR so Stalin refused to allow free electionsrefused to allow free elections

Roosevelt comes home from Roosevelt comes home from YaltaYalta

With the promise of Free elections in With the promise of Free elections in Eastern Europe – Stalin actually had no Eastern Europe – Stalin actually had no intention of giving up these areasintention of giving up these areas

Potsdam- Potsdam- Truman tells Stalin the U.S. has Truman tells Stalin the U.S. has the Bomb. Stalin does not commit to free the Bomb. Stalin does not commit to free elections in Eastern Europeelections in Eastern Europe

Churchill’s Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” “Iron Curtain” Speech – Tells Speech – Tells about the spread of Communism – Divided about the spread of Communism – Divided Eastern and Western EuropeEastern and Western Europe

After WWIIAfter WWII

USSR – still has most factories and large USSR – still has most factories and large ArmyArmy

USA - had the atomic bomb with their USA - had the atomic bomb with their cities and farms are still intact cities and farms are still intact

The Truman Doctrine (1947)The Truman Doctrine (1947)

World divided into free and World divided into free and enslaved statesenslaved states

US to support all US to support all movements for democracymovements for democracy

““containment” of containment” of CommunismCommunism

NATO and the Warsaw NATO and the Warsaw Pact establishedPact established Militarization of Cold WarMilitarization of Cold War

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine

Gives money to Greece and Turkey to Gives money to Greece and Turkey to fight off communism – gives $400,000,000fight off communism – gives $400,000,000

ContainmentContainment – George Kennan – to stop – George Kennan – to stop the spread of Communismthe spread of Communism

Marshall Plan: Marshall Plan: Economic recovery Economic recovery program in Western Europe – $13 billion in program in Western Europe – $13 billion in aidaid

Molotov plan: Molotov plan: the soviets economic the soviets economic recovery program in Eastern Europerecovery program in Eastern Europe

The Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan

Proposed in 1947, $13 Proposed in 1947, $13 billion to reconstruct billion to reconstruct western Europewestern Europe

The United Nations The United Nations formed (1945) to resolve formed (1945) to resolve international disputesinternational disputes

Division of GermanyDivision of Germany

Germany was divided into four separate Germany was divided into four separate zones after the end of WWII.zones after the end of WWII.

Each zone would be occupied and Each zone would be occupied and governed by the military forces of the governed by the military forces of the U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.Union.

Germany was also forced to pay over $20 Germany was also forced to pay over $20 billion in reparations.billion in reparations.

Soviet Blockade in BerlinSoviet Blockade in Berlin

Soviets occupied Eastern GermanySoviets occupied Eastern Germany France, U.S. G.B. Controlled the west France, U.S. G.B. Controlled the west

GermanyGermany Berlin is also divide up into 4 sectionsBerlin is also divide up into 4 sections USSR blockades West Berlin USSR blockades West Berlin The west starts to fly in supplies into BerlinThe west starts to fly in supplies into Berlin

End of the Berlin AirliftEnd of the Berlin Airlift

U.S. Showed the world how far they were U.S. Showed the world how far they were willing to go to protect democracy and willing to go to protect democracy and contain communismcontain communism

Question 4Question 4

Why did Stalin create a blockade of west Why did Stalin create a blockade of west Berlin?Berlin?

What would of happened if the U.S.S.R What would of happened if the U.S.S.R shot down an allied plane?shot down an allied plane?

ChinaChina

Nationalists of Jiang Jeist – supported by Nationalists of Jiang Jeist – supported by the U.S.the U.S.

Jiang Jeist Nationalists Vs. CommunistJiang Jeist Nationalists Vs. Communist Civil warCivil war

1949China becomes communist1949China becomes communist Mao Tse-Tung – leaderMao Tse-Tung – leader China is the world’s largest populationChina is the world’s largest population

Great Leap ForwardGreat Leap Forward

Failed due to poor quality of Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt products, poor weather hurt agriculture agriculture

► 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry

► Communes Groups of people who live and work together Property held in common Had production quotas

► Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture

NATONATO

North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization An Attack on G.B. France, Netherlands, An Attack on G.B. France, Netherlands,

Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Greece Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Greece and Turkey, would be considered attack and Turkey, would be considered attack on the U.S.on the U.S.

USSR gets the bombUSSR gets the bomb

September 1949 USSR exploded their first September 1949 USSR exploded their first atomic bombatomic bomb

In response the U.S. builds the Hydrogen In response the U.S. builds the Hydrogen bomb – USSR 1yr later test one of their bomb – USSR 1yr later test one of their ownown

Mutually assured destruction (MAD)Mutually assured destruction (MAD)

KoreaKorea

After WWII Korea became divided into two After WWII Korea became divided into two different sectionsdifferent sections

N. Korea became a soviet SatelliteN. Korea became a soviet Satellite South Korea became an American and South Korea became an American and

United Nations sponsored nationUnited Nations sponsored nation N. Korea attack’s S. Korea to force a N. Korea attack’s S. Korea to force a

unification on Communist’s termsunification on Communist’s terms U.S. Police actionU.S. Police action

Police ActionPolice Action

General MacArthurGeneral MacArthur 3838thth Parallel Parallel Drives the N. Korea’s back to ChinaDrives the N. Korea’s back to China China joins the warChina joins the war Truman fires MacArthur – MacArthur – Truman fires MacArthur – MacArthur –

wanted to attack China. wanted to attack China. Truman did not. MacArthur openly Truman did not. MacArthur openly

disagreed with the Presidentdisagreed with the President

The Forgotten WarThe Forgotten War

General Eisenhower won the Presidency General Eisenhower won the Presidency in 1952 “ Promise to end the war”in 1952 “ Promise to end the war”

Eisenhower threatened Nuclear AttackEisenhower threatened Nuclear Attack Ends in a stalemate in July of 1953Ends in a stalemate in July of 1953 1.4 million N. Korean and Chinese soldiers 1.4 million N. Korean and Chinese soldiers

were killedwere killed 2 million civilians2 million civilians 54,000 American soldiers54,000 American soldiers

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

The Soviet Union and 7 eastern European The Soviet Union and 7 eastern European nations signed the Warsaw Pact, which nations signed the Warsaw Pact, which served a communist military counter to served a communist military counter to NATONATO

Members are not free to leaveMembers are not free to leave

Falling Domino PrincipleFalling Domino Principle

President Eisenhower takes President Eisenhower takes overover

Instead of building up a conventional Instead of building up a conventional military he focuses on building nuclear military he focuses on building nuclear weapons and planes, missiles and weapons and planes, missiles and submarines that can carry them.submarines that can carry them.

Massive Retaliation: Massive Retaliation: John Foster Dulles, Brinkmanship: John Foster Dulles, Brinkmanship: Joseph Stalin dies – Nikita KhrushchevJoseph Stalin dies – Nikita Khrushchev July 1955 Eisenhower and Khrushchev July 1955 Eisenhower and Khrushchev

meet at Geneva “peaceful co-existence”meet at Geneva “peaceful co-existence”

The Cold War Goes GlobalThe Cold War Goes Global

Poland workers riot against USSR and Poland workers riot against USSR and gained greater control of the government.gained greater control of the government.

Hungary- wanted to have pro Soviet Hungary- wanted to have pro Soviet Hungarian officials removed. - Hungarian officials removed. - Khrushchev responded brutality and killed Khrushchev responded brutality and killed the protesters. And restored the hard line the protesters. And restored the hard line communist governmentcommunist government

U.S. sat and watched as this happenedU.S. sat and watched as this happened

Space RaceSpace Race

Sputnik- first satellite to orbit the earthSputnik- first satellite to orbit the earth U.S. creates NASAU.S. creates NASA Both countries spend money on education Both countries spend money on education

and military defenseand military defense

CUBACUBA

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CubaCuba

Fulgencio BatistaFulgencio Batista Fidel CastroFidel Castro Cuba turn CommunistCuba turn Communist Bay of PigsBay of Pigs Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis