The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929-1949

Chapter 29

Lecture

After World War I A “fake” normalcy takes place globally. The economy like a house built on

quicksand…looked good but was about to collapse.

The 1929 Stock Market crash sparks the largest depression the world has ever seen. This depression coupled with the resentment left

from The Versailles Treaty lead to the rise of fascists dictators.

The Stalin Revolution Russia underwent 2 revolutions in the

past chapter1. Over threw the Czar Nicholas II

2. Brought Communism under Lenin’s leadership

Later Joseph Stalin will replace Lenin after his death

Five Year Plans Stalin wanted to turn the

USSR into an industrialized country so that the Communist Party and the country is strengthened.

Collectivization of farm land left many peasants penniless and under government control.

Stalin’s Plans Desolate Russia Stalin used terror

tactics and the NKVD to protect his power and squash any opposition.

The Great Purge is an example of the terror of Stalinist Russia.

**Know how women were affected by Stalinist Russia

public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union

The Depression “Black Thursday” occurs on October

24, 1929

How the Depression Spreads Globally

The United States calls in loans from Germany and Austria

Germany and Austria now cannot pay war reparations to France and Great Britain.

Great Britain and France now can not repay loans to the U.S.

It is a circular problem!

Germany and Japan Both countries suffer the most during the

Depression. They do not recover as easily as the U.S.,

Britain, and France. This leads to more resentment and paves

the way for radical leaders to emerge. Adolf Hitler

Admiral Yamamoto

Fascism Rises This ideology is based on nationalism, anti-

communist sentiment, and expansion. There are elements of communism, such

as a one party state and a totalitarian rule but fascism and communism are opposing ideologies. Benito Mussolini in Italy Adolf Hitler in Germany

**Know the Italian Fascist slogan

Hitler’s Mein Kampf Goals 1st :repeal the humiliation

felt by the war guilt clause and military restrictions caused by the Versailles Treaty.

2nd :expand Germany Lebensraum (living space)

3rd :to eliminate the Jewish problem.

Road to War, 1933-1939 In 1933 Hitler withdrawals from the League

of Nations. Next step, build up the German Army Begin invading German speaking countries

so that all German speakers are united. When Hitler invades Poland, the Second

World War begins!

Know the British and French response to Hitler’s actions and what policy they practiced.

Japan When Japan invades China in the Sino-

Japanese War the united states and the League of Nations denounce Japan.

Japan uses extremely cruel and ruthless tactics against the Chinese.

This builds even more resentment against the United States, resulting in Pearl Harbor!

**Understand what happens in China during the Japanese invasion and post war China

World War II Technology Radar Antibiotics Synthetic

Rubber Nuclear

Weapons

The Holocaust Nazi Germany embarks on a policy of

persecution of Jews and others deemed inferior or a national threat.

Disabled and mentally ill Gay men Freemasons and Jehovah’s Witness Political activists Christians

Nazis force thousand of Jews to emigrate. They then went one step further by isolating

Jews in conquered territories by forcing them into ghettos

The Taking of the Jews to the Ghettos

Hitler’s “Final Solution” The Nazi’s unleash killing squads

and ship Jews and others to concentration camps.

The “Final Solution” eradicate the entire Jewish population that the

extermination camps were built and the mass slaughter of Jews began.

results in the death of 6 million Jews.