The community of practices: Rice Breeding in Mekong Region

The community of practices: Rice Breeding in Mekong Region

The Place of Rice in the Lives of the Mekong Region’s People

Rice domestication in the region started in Korat Plateau, northeast Thailand, southwest China and in Myanmar’s Shan State

China, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar are among the top 10 rice producers of the world. Lower Mekong countries of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam produced over 66 M metric tones of rice in 2002

In 2002, per capita consumption of rice by the regions’ citizens fell between 103 kg (in Thailand) to 169 kg (in Vietnam) and the regions inhabitants derive between 44 and 66 percent of their daily calorie intake from rice alone

Rice farming is associated with tradition and customs of the people in the region

Rice Planting Area in Mekong Region

Rice Planting Area (million

ha)Thailand Myanmar Laos Cambodia

Irrigated 1.84 1.62 0.07 0.20Rainfed Lowland 7.36 3.89 0.49 2.15

Rainfed Upland 0.01 1.46 0.10 0.05

Submergence prone (long

term)0.18 1.13 0.00 0.10

Total 9.20 8.10 0.66 2.50

Popular Rice Varieties in Mekong RegionCountry Variety Name Percent Area Grown

Thailand

RD6KDML105

SPR60RD varieties

RD10others

32281

100.128

Myanmar

ManawthukhaShwe War Htun

Kyaw ZeyaManawhariAyeyarmin

Local varieties

21.610.35.33.93.256

Laos

TDK1TDK5

Phong Ngam1Phong Ngam20thers (local)

4113121024

Cambodia

IR66Kesar

Neang MinhPhka KhneyBanla Phdau

Local varieties

9022222

Major Constraints in Rice Production in the Mekong Region

Submergence : In 2006 0.8 million ha were flooded (500 million $)

Brown plant hopper : In 2010, BPH caused the yield loss up to 1.1 million tons (350 million $)

Drought :In 2004, more than 1.2 million ha of the rice production areas were hit by drought causing the yield loss for 1.83 million ton (370 million $)

Blast : In 2007, blast disease infected rainfed lowland rice causing the yield loss 50-85 %.

Goals of the Mekong Program in Rice Improvement

Stabilize yield of Mekong mega varieties by improving resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses

Improve and maintain grain eating and cooking quality

Strengthen the collaboration in the region by applying biotechnology in rice breeding and developing human resources

Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research Hub Genetic Information

QTL/Gene Information Blast BLB Bph Submergence Salinity Drought Rice Quality

Marker Technology SSR SNP Microarray

Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research HubGenotyping and Phenotyping Capacity

Laboratory and green house facilityLaboratory and green house facility

Tissue culture room

sequencing

Laboratory section

Server and computer room

Insect culture room

Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research HubPhenotyping Capacity

Laboratory and green house facilityLaboratory and green house facility

BPH inoculated box

Green house

Growth chamber

Green house

Seed storage room

Blast and BLB germplasm bank

Phase I: Regional Workshop on Molecular Breeding in Rice for Mekong Region: Line Conversion Using MAS

Funding Agency: Rockefeller Foundation, BIOTEC, Kasetsart University

Duration: 2004 – 2006 Objectives:

Transfer DNA technology and genomic information from RGDU to breeding institutes in the region

Improvement of traditional and/or cultivated rice cultivars by using MAS

Enhance research collaboration between/among institutes in countries in Mekong region


Participating institutes and programs National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute

(NAFRI), Laos Improving aroma and GT in TDK 1 using Hom Nangnuane as donor

Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Cambodia

Improving aroma, amylose content and GT of CAR3 using Phka Roudul as donor

Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Myanmar Improving aroma, amylose content and GT of Manawthukha using

Basmati as donor Improving salinity tolerance of Sin Thwe Latt (IR53936) using

Pokkali as donor


Participating institutes and programs Ubon Ratchatani University and Ubon Ratchatani Rice

Research Center, Ubon, Thailand Improving aroma and grain quality of IR57514 using KDML105-

Sub1-Xa21 introgression line as donor Khon Khaen University and Khon Khaen Rice Research

Center, Khon Khaen, Thailand Improving blast resistance in RD6 using from IR64

Naresuan University and Pitsanulok Rice Research Center, Pitsanulok, Thailand

Improving brown planthopper resistance in Chainat 1 using KDML105-Bph3 (Rathu Heenati ) introgression line and KDML105-qBPH12 (Abhaya) as donors


Phase II: Community of Practice “Concept Applied to Rice Production in Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain

Quality Improvement”

Funding Agencies: Generation Challenge Program; BIOTEC


Continuation of line conversion using MAS Validation of introgression lines for target trait

performance, yield and agronomic characters Human resource development Workshop on QTL and marker-assisted selection for plant

breeding

Phase II: Community of Practice “Concept Applied to Rice Production in Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain Quality Improvement”

Participating Institutes NAFRI DAR CARDI Ubon Ratchatani University

Phase II: Community of Practice “Concept Applied to Rice Production in Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain Quality Improvement”

First workshop – May 2007Second workshop – November 2007Third workshop – May 2008Fourth workshop – April 2009

Knowledge and Technology Transfer - Workshop On Site

CARDI

June 19-20, 2007

DAR

August 20-21, 2007

NAFRI

July 3-4, 2007

Phase III (a): The Community of Practice “Strengthening Rice Breeding Program using Genotyping Building Strategy and

Improving Phenotyping Capacity for Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Mekong Region”

Funding Agency: GCP Duration: 2009 – 2012 Objectives:

Build phenotyping facilities for abiotic and biotic traits in DAR, NAFRI and CARDI

Validate and standardize phenotyping protocol that fits the condition in each country

Conduct phenotyping workshop Asses trait performance through field trials under

research farm and farmer’s field conditions

Facilities for Trait PhenotypingGreenhouse and submergence ponds in DAR

Submergence ponds and BPH facilities for CARDI

Submergence ponds and greenhousefor NAFRI

Phase III (b): Strengthening Human Resource in Mekong Region: Community of Practice for Rice

Breeding with Emphasis on MAS Funding Agency: NSTDA (BIOTEC), Kasetsart

University, Rajamongkol University of Technology Lanna, Ubon Ratchatani University


Develop human resource by providing scholarship to staffs of DAR, NAFRI, CARDI and UBU

Research funds for MAS (Thailand Rainfed breeding program)

Rice Breeding Program of NAFRI (Laos) and CARDI (Cambodia)

• TDK1 x Homnangnouane

• F1 x TDKI

• BC1F1 x TDK1

• BC2F1

• BC2F2

• MAS

• MAS

• BC2F3

• RF, BIOTEC, KU• 2004-2006

• NAFRI

• GCP, BIOTEC• 2007-2009

• MAS

• BC3F1

• BC3F2

• Field Testing and trait validation of BC3F3• in NAFRI

• MAS

• Nov. 2007

• May. 2008

• Oct. 2008-2009

• May. 2007

• MAS

• BC3F3-Aromatic TDK1 + Submergence

tolerance and blast resistance

• NSTDA, RMUTL,• KU, UBU, NAFRI• 2009-2013

BC3F1

BC3F2

Field Testing and trait validation of BC3F3 in

CARDI

MAS

CAR3 x PRD

F1 x CAR3

BC1F1 x CAR3

BC2F1

BC2F2

MAS

MAS

BC2F4 MAS

BC2F3CARDI

Nov. 2007

May. 2008

Oct. 2008-2009

May. 2007

MAS

RF, BIOTEC, KU2004-2006

GCP, BIOTEC2007-2009

BC3F3-aromatic CAR3 + Submergence tolerance and

brown planthopper resistance of Pkha Romdoul

NSTDA, GCP, RMUTL,KU, UBU, CARDI

2009-2013

Rice Breeding Program of DAR, Myanmar

Pokkali x IR53936

F1 x IR53936

BC1F1 x IR53936

BC3F1

BC3F2

MAS

MAS

BC3F3

DAR

MAS

BC4F1

BC4F2/BC3F5

Field Testing and trait validation of BC4F3/BC3F5

in DAR and multi-location trials

MASNov. 2007

May. 2008

Oct. 2008-2009

May. 2007

MAS

MAS



BC3F6-salinity tolerant IR53936 + submergence tolerance + aroma and

cooking quality

BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL,KU, UBU, DAR

2009-2013

Manawthukha x Basmati

F1 x MNT

BC1F1 x MNT

BC2F1 x MNT

BC3F1 x MNT

MAS

MAS

BC4F1

RGDU

MAS

BC4F2

BC4F3

Field Testing and trait validation of BC4F4

in DAR and multi-location trials

MASNov. 2007

May. 2008

Oct. 2008-2009

May. 2007

Genome scan and trait validation

MAS



BC4F4-aromatic Manawthukha + bacterial leaf

blight resistance

BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL,KU, UBU, DAR

2009-2013

Rice Breeding Program of ThailandKD571-77 x IR57514

F1 x IR57514

BC1F1 x IR57514

BC2F1

BC3F1

MAS

BC3F1

UBN

MAS

BC3F2

BC3F3

Field Testing of BC3F4 in RGDU

MASNov. 2007

May. 2008

Oct. 2008-2009

May. 2007

MAS

MAS

Submergence screening

Grain quality test



Multi-location trials and farmers’ participation in

selection

BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL,KU, UBU, RGDU

2009-2013

BC3F4-aromatic IR57514 x RD6

Glutinous Aromatic IR57514 + submergence and drought

tolerance

BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL,KU, UBU, RGDU

2009-2013

Achievements

Under drought stress Under aerobic condition

Performance of IR57514 introgression lines (Sub1 + DT + fragrance + cooking quality) in NAFRI (Laos), DAR (Myanmar) and RD (Thailand) in research stations.

Achievements

Testing of IR57514 introgression lines in submergence pond at DAR, Myanmar

Achievements

Line Grain yield (kg/rai)

RGD07336-MAS-191-B-B 591

RGD07336-MAS-122-B-B 579KDML105 (Thai check

variety) 498

LSD 47

In Thailand, IR57514 introgression lines were tested in multi-location trials (comprising 12 stations) in the north and northeast and showed good performance under condition in the research station.

AchievementsYield performance of aromatic Manawthukha in

different location in Myanmar

Sagaing Mandalay Yangon Bago (East) Ayeyarwaddy Rakh ine AVG Range1 Yn3018-183-1-3-2 4.01 5.23 3.88 4.05 2.90 4.76 4.14 22 Yn2684-2-5-1-2-1 4.31 5.48 3.43 3.60 2.81 4.03 3.94 53 Yn2744-49-383-2-3 4.19 5.05 4.12 3.21 3.45 3.75 3.96 44 Yn3248-MAS-BC4F2-1124.41 5.38 3.49 3.62 5.42 3.34 4.28 15 Manawthukha 4.51 4.52 4.26 4.05 4.81 2.38 4.09 3

Mean Yield 4.26 5.13 3.84 3.70 3.88 3.65 4.08

Sr. no. EntriesGrain yield (Ton/ha)

Yn 3248-BC4F2-112 CharactersMaturity Days - 137

Plant Height (cm) - 103-117

Productive tillers - 9 - 11

Total grains / panicle - 90 - 117

Fill grain (%) - 88 – 95

1000 grain weight (gm) - 21.4

Yield (Bsk/ac) - 83 - 106

Group - (B)

Milling (%) - 54

Amylose content (%) - 25.8

Eating quality - good

Grain quality - Trans;

Distinct character - smell

Adapted locations -Both of Irrigated and Rainfed lowland

Yield performance of On- Farm trials(2010 WS)

No Entry Name

Yield (tha-1) Mean (tha-1)

Mandalay Ayeyarwaddy

Taninthari

1 Yn 3220MAS 108-2-3-1 2.5 3.9 2.8 3.1

2 Yn 3220MAS 77-2-9-2 2.5 4.1 3.8 3.5

3 Yn 3220MAS 62-2-4 1.7 3.9 2.6 2.7

4 Yn 3220MAS 76-4-1 3.5 4.5 2.5 3.5

5 Sin Thwe Latt 2.6 3.8 2.9 3.1

Mean 2.6 4.0 2.9

Maturity Days - 135

Plant Height (cm) - 88


Total grains / panicle - 110 - 126

Fill grain (%) - 84


Yield (tha-1) - 2.75 - 4.0

Varietal Group - Emata

Milling (%) - 55.5


Eating quality - good

Grain quality - Translucence, wb

Distinct character - tolerance to EC 9 dS/m

Adapted locations -Costal and alkaline salinity areas

Yn 3220-MAS-108-2-3-1 Characters

Maturity Days - 142

Plant Height (cm) - 84


Total grains / panicle - 115

Fill grain (%) - 86


Yield Yield (tha-1) - 3.5 - 4.0

Varietal Group - Emata

Milling (%) - 50.2


Eating quality -Good

Grain quality - Translucence, Slender Long

Distinct character - tolerance to EC 6 dS/m

Adapted locations -Costal and alkaline salinity areas

Yn 3220-MAS-62-2-4 Characters

Messages from DAR

Future Need• Improve human resource

– Biotechnology– Phenotyping

• Mekong network– Exchange of gemrplasm– Exchange of information (diseases and insect pests)

• Seed release to farmers– Strategy to shorten time to release to farmers (community based

trials)– Shorten time for farmer’s adoption– Secured seed production

• Out sourcing for research fund• Strengthening awareness of government support to research

Thank you

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The community of practices: Rice Breeding in Mekong Region