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The Congress of Vienna, 1814-1815. How to balance power and restore order after Napoleon?. Where’s Napoleon?. September 1812 – suffers major defeat in Russia 1813 – constant pressure put on Napoleon and Imperial Army by Austria, Russia, Britain, Prussia and Spain - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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How to balance power and restore order after Napoleon?
The Congress of Vienna, 1814-1815
September 1812 – suffers major defeat in Russia1813 – constant pressure put on Napoleon and
Imperial Army by Austria, Russia, Britain, Prussia and SpainSpain and GB defeat Napoleon on Iberian Peninsula
prior to 1813Coalition armies defeat Napoleon in
Leipzig (Germany) Oct. 1813 – Battle of NationsMarch 1814 – allied forces march in Paris
Napoleon abdicatesNapoleon exiled to island of Elba in Mediterranean
Treaty of Chaurmont – restored Bourbon monarchy and returned France to 1792 borders!!
Where’s Napoleon?
Quadruple Alliance = The Big Four
Holy Alliance? Why didn’t it work?And France?: Talleyrand! (Quintuple Alliance)
Wants France to remain a “player” in the European balance of power game
Concert of Europe
Who? What do they want?Austria: Prince von Metternich
weaker Prussia and Russia; northern Italy
Prussia: Hardenburg Saxony and Rhineland; weaker Austria
Russia: Tsar Alexander I PolandEngland: Castlereagh balance of power on
continent; weak France
Escape from Elba and march across Europe/FranceMarch 1, 1815 – Napoleon arrives in Paris
Builds army from loyal supportersPromises liberal constitution and peace (no more
war)Duke of Wellington (GB) and Field Marshal von
Blücher (Prussia)Take on Napoleonic forces at WaterlooUse Napoleon’s tactics (esp. divide and conquer)
against himNapoleon no longer as decisive as he used to be
June 18, 1815 - Allies defeat Napoleon at Waterloo, Belgium
Napoleon Returns! (for 100 days)
Restored old French boundaries (1792)After Waterloo: French pay indemnity +
support occupation armyCongress Compromise:
Prussia used as “sentinel on the Rhine” vs. France
New Kingdom of Netherlands: Belgium+Holland = buffer zone btw. France and Prussia
Northern Italy under Austria as buffer vs. France
Why?New form of diplomacy = attempt to KEEP
THE PEACETreaties NOW made between NATIONS not IND.
RULERS
Geographical Changes