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The Crimean War
1853-1856
Which map?
Vienna Settlement
Established at the Congress of Vienna from 1814-1815
Moved away from Revolutionary Republics (i.e. French Revolutionary Wars)
Attempted to create a peaceful balance of power in Europe
Established a vulnerable Ottoman Empire
Sick Man of Europe
Gave in to French demands for Catholic concessions in the Holy Land
Nicholas I secured rights for Orthodox Christians within the Ottoman Empire
Tensions Rise
Nicholas I set claim to the European part of Turkey expecting aid from European powers
France, Britain, and Austria pushed back and supported the Ottoman Empire against the Tsar’s claim
Into War
Allied Powers (Mainly British and French) demanded the retreat of Russian forces from Turkey
Allies took naval action in the Baltic sea capturing the Russian fortress at Bomarsund
Allies also descended on Crimea in the Black sea
Events of the War
Battle at Sevastopol
‘Charge of the Light Brigade’ –Alfred, Lord Tennyson
New Life for the Allies
British Blockade
French troops
Sardinian Aid
Nicolas I dies and Alexander II sues for Peace
Media in War
First ‘Media’ War
William Howard Russell and Roger Fenton
Analyzing the Text
Is Russell a reliable source? Why or why not?
Who is the audience? What kind of an effect would this kind of reporting have on this audience?
What goal is the author seeking? Does this piece accomplish that goal?
Florence Nightingale
Grew famous through her efforts as a nurse in the Crimean War
Advocate for better care, sanitation, and medicines for wounded troops
Key figure in advocating against the systematic de-emphasis on women in the medical and scientific sphere
Treaty of Paris
Russia retreated from European Turkey
Moldavia, Wallachia, and Serbia placed under international European protection (rather than Russian)
Russia De-Militarizes in the Black Sea
Maintain Ottoman Empire
Looking Forward
Change in Europe
Russia and Austria seek status quo
Vienna Settlement looks weak
Sets the stage for WWI
Recap Questions
Media
Economics
Balance of Power