The Contemporary World 1970- Present. o Leonid Brezhnev replaces Nikita Kkruschrev o Brezhnev...
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Chapter 28 The Contemporary World 1970-Present
The Contemporary World 1970- Present. o Leonid Brezhnev replaces Nikita Kkruschrev o Brezhnev Doctrine: The Soviet Unions right to intervene if Communism
o Leonid Brezhnev replaces Nikita Kkruschrev o Brezhnev
Doctrine: The Soviet Unions right to intervene if Communism was
threatened in another communist state o Brezhnev relaxed
authoritarian rule and allowed more access to Western styles of
music, dress, and art o Dissidents: those who spoke out against the
regime, were still punished
Slide 4
Dtente-relaxation of tensions between the Soviet Union and the
United States 1979-Soviet Union invades Afghanistan to preserve a
pro- Soviet regime was viewed by the USA as expansion USA pulls out
of the 1980 Olympics under the presidency of Jimmy Carter in
response Ronald Reagan becomes president and begins a military
build up, new arms race, and provides military aid to Afghan
rebels
Slide 5
Page 5-6 in review book List the important geographic features
of North America Northern Asia Example North America Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean Mountain ranges on Western side
Slide 6
Policies of Perestroika and Glasnost end Cold War Perestroika:
restructuring of government and economy Glasnost: openness to end
censorship Makes agreement with the USA to slow down the arms race
Stopped giving military support to communist governments in Eastern
Europe Nationalists movements begin and calls for independence come
from the Soviet Republics (ex. Georgia, Latvia, and Lithuania)
Conservative leaders did not want to see the Soviet Union fall and
attempt to stop Gorbachev by arresting him and seizing his power
Boris Yeltsin helps resist these forces and Soviet Republics move
for complete independence By 1991 Soviet Union ceased to exist
Slide 7
Takes over when Gorbachev resigns Introduced free market
economy (not an easy transition) Used brutal force against the
Chechnyans (for wanting to become independent)
Slide 8
Former KGB officer (Committee for State Security) Challenging
conversion of command economy to market economy Growing economy
(oil and gas) 2002 nuclear arms reduction agreement with the USA
Ongoing turmoil in Chechnya Chechen Rebels and terrorists Chechen
leader killed by Russian army in 2006 Refusal to negotiate with
Chechen rebels
Slide 9
Slide 10
REASONS FOR REVOLUTION RESULTS OF REVOLUTIONS Country Name
Slide 11
REASONS FOR REVOLUTIONRESULTS OF REVOLUTION Lech Walsea and the
Solidarity movement Due to economic hardships Movement of workers
for political change Free elections in 1989 Joined NATO in 1999
Joined European Union in 2004
Slide 12
REASONS FOR REVOLUTIONRESULTS OF REVOLUTION Reform movement of
1968 crushed by Soviets Prague Spring Mass demonstrations take
place in 1988 and 1989 after fall of the SU Largest of the
demonstrations in Prague Communist government crushed Vaclav Havel
(a writer) becomes new president Ethnic conflicts between Czechs
and Slovaks agree to peaceful split of the country (Czech Republic
and Slovakia) Czech Republic remains stable and prosperous Slovakia
deals with economic turmoil
Slide 13
REASONS FOR REVOLUTIONRESULTS OF REVOLUTION Sharp drop in
living standards Food shortages and rationing Secret police
murdered thousands of peaceful protestors Dictator (Nicolae
Ceausescu) arrested and executed (1986) Now beginning to show
economic growth
Slide 14
REASONS FOR REVOLUTIONRESULTS OF REVOLUTION Harsh rule of
communist leader Berlin Wall: had separated family members and
friends for decades Berlin Wall opened in 1989 Free elections in
1990
Slide 15
REASONS FOR REVOLUTIONRESULTS OF REVOLUTION Made up of six
republics in 1918 Led by Slobodan Milosevic Ethnic tensions (Serbs,
Croats, Muslims) International community ignores a lot of what
widespread destruction of cities and human life Serb attack of
Bosnia (ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims) NATO involvement to
try to keep peace (criticized for not quick enough) 1998 war over
Kosovo Ethnic Albanians form the KLA (Kosovo Liberation Army) Serb
forces massacre the KLA USA And NATO involvement UN involvement a
failure Slobodan Milosevic tried for his crimes against humanity
(dies before trial) Yugoslavia ceased to exist in 2004 All six
republics independent states
Slide 16
Slide 17
The European Economic Community (EEC) or European Community
(EC) The Treaty on European Union turned the EC in the European
Union (EU) in January of 1994 Goals Increasing communication and
cooperation Improve the economic prosperity of Europe Establish a
common currency Get the nations of Eastern Europe to join (added 10
in 2004) Benefit Member nations through the reduction of tariffs
Increased interdependence
Slide 18
Problems uniting Eastern and Western Germany Western Germans
had to pay higher taxes to finance the rebuilding of Eastern
Germany Unemployment rose in Eastern Germany because of the
transition into market economy Internal conflict Attacks from Nazi
ideologists Attacks from foreigners who immigrated to Germany
because of relaxed immigration laws
Slide 19
Thatcherism Margaret Thatcher Great Britain's first female
Prime Minister Limit social welfare Focused on privatization
Restrict union power End inflation Replace local property tax with
a flat tax rate (every adult would pay this) Resigned when anti-tax
riots broke out
Slide 20
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) Canada, Mexico, and
the United States Make trade easier and more profitable Growth of
interdependence Stimulate economic growth for participating
countries Increase economic cooperation between member nations
Slide 21
28:4 Important Western Events
Slide 22
Olympic Games Munich 72 Palestinian terrorist group seize 11
Israeli athletes as hostages All 11 were killed Increase
Israeli/Palestinian tension Moscow 80 USA boycott Los Angeles 84
USSR withdrawal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G
7-WvfWXn7U&list=PLYOF4- DyEpXITbYMIw4n40PRPe3KZmLyJ
Slide 23
Northern Ireland Ireland partitioned in 1921 Northern Ireland:
Protestant, under British control (violence against Catholics)
Republic of Ireland; Catholic, independent Bloody Sunday 1972
British fire on a crowd of civilians Catholic Irish Republican Army
use violence and terror (against British) to unite Northern Ireland
with the Republic Peace talks in the 90s, however conflict still
continues