The Debate Over Slavery and States' Rights

If Then Who Benefits?

The Wilmot Frovl- 1. slavery will be banned in all territory from the Northso passes, Mexican-American War that becomes part of the

United States; slave states will be outnumberedand weakened.

Lewis Cass (Dem- 2. States will decide whether or not they want Southocrat) becomes slavery based on popular sovereigntyPresident,

Martin Van Buren 3. Territory gained by Mexican Session to be free North(Free-Soil) be- NO SLAVERY THERE'comes President,

Zachary Taylor 4. Compromise will nnt happen because he does Neither because(Whig) becomes not support it the fighting willPresident, just continue

California enters 5. Then the balance of power in the Senate will be Norththe Union as a upset and in favor of the NORTHfree state,

Fugitive slave laws 6. slavery is enforced in the North and the South. Southare enforced,

Henry Clay's 7. according to Calhoun, the South will have Southproposals are their ways of life taken away and they rm 1staccepted, therefore create a Constitutional Ammendment

protecting slavery or succeed from the Unionl

Slavery remains 8. The two sides will contiru Ie to arg' Ie and Nobodyan unresolved become more angry with one another The Southissue, will also continue to threaten secession

Compromises Fail

Compromise of Terms: Goal of Compromise:1850 • California admitted as a free state To end slavery crisis byProposed by • Slave trade banned in Washington 0 C giving supporters and

Henry Clay • Popular Sovereignty would decide opponents of slaveryslavery in the rest of the Mexican some of what theyCession. wanted.

• Southerners got a tough newFugitive Slave Act

Fugitive Slave Terms: Results:Act of 1850 • Government officials may arrest any • Most controversial

person accused of being a [!Inaway part of theor fugitive slave by any white person. Compromise of 1850

• Suspects had no right to a trial • Thousands of

• Notherners were required northern Africanto help authorities capture accused Americans fled torunaway slaves if asked. Canada

Kansas- Terms: Results:Nebraska Act of • Slavery in the new Kansas and Nebrae- • Undid the Missollri1854 ka territories was to be decided by CompromiseProposed by PoPI liar Sovereignty • Reopened the issue ofS Douglas slavery in

territories• North outraged

Kansas Election Events: Results:of 1855 • Both proslavery and antislavery • Kansas now had two

settlers flooded Kansas and wanted governmentsto hold the majority vote in • Violence broke out andthe territory. earned Kansas the

• Thousands of Missourians entered name BleedingKansas illegally to select a Kansas

territorial legislahIre• Anti-slavery settlers held a second

election

)tj--3. , ' The Dred Scott Decision

• Dred ScO't't was an enslaved person who sued for his freedom.• Supreme Court Chief .Juetice Roger Taney ruled that. Sco't't had no righ't

'to sue in federal court because African Americans were not ..•c.olJit••.•iz•.•e••.n...,s"-- _• Slaves were property, and 'the property rights of 'their owners

were pro'tec'ted in all etates.• This meant Congress did not have 'the power 'to prohibi't slavery in any terrrtory, and

'the Missollri Comprimise was unconetltutional.• Suppor'ters of slavery JOYOlls happy giddy a't 'this ruling bu't northerners

were angry, olltraged, baffled

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Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas Debates

• Occurred during Illinois Sena'te race in 'the year 1858• Lincoln's opposi'tion 'to 'the Kansas Nebraska Act led him 'to run as a Republican

agains't Sena'tor S'tephen Douglas, 'the author of 'the Kansas-Nebraska Act• The goal of 'the new Republican party was 'to stop the spread of slavery into any

oew territories

Douglas's stand Lincoln's stand on Lincoln's stand Lincoln's positionon popular African Americans: on slavery: on the Union:sovereignty: a. thinks they a. abolitionist Need to be allstrongly should be one thing or thedefended itl treated fairly other, but oatSaid Lincoln b. "If slavery split on the issuewas a b. should have isn't wrong then of slavery ordanaerous rights too nothing is woo" division willabolitionist life liberty and c. wants to stop cause the

pursuit of hap spread to new COllntry toterritories separate

John Brown's Raid . '.

Who was John Brown?abolitionist led revoltin Harpers Ferry

His plan in 1859:Raid the arsenal

Southerners wereworried becauee:would inspireand use it to lead

a revolt against other abolitioniststo do similar thingsslavery

Chain of Events Leading to Civil War

The Election of I • There were four Democratic candidates in the election1860 I • Northern Democratic candidate: Stephan DOllglas

I • Southern Democratic candidate: John BreckenridgeI • Constitutional Union candidate: John BellII • Republican candidate: Abraham I incolnII • Although he did not receive a majority of the popular vote,

I Lincoln received enough electoral votes to winI the election.I • The election showed how fragmented, split the nation was.

Secession • After South Carolina learned that Lincoln had won the election,it responded by seceding from the Iinion

• Sout.hern leaders who opposed secession:II 1. Andrew .Johnson - Senator from Tenessee

2. Sam Houston - Governor of Texas• First. st.ate to secede from the Union: South Carolina

• Name of the new southern nation: Confederate States of Am

• President of the southern nation: .Iefferson Davis• Lincoln's message to seceding states: won't take away

I slavery, settle differences between north and southII

I • Response of seceding states to Lincoln's message:I 1. states hegan to break away, attacked Fort SlImterI 2. took over post offices, cut off food supplies

Fort Sumter • Lincoln's plan to deal with the siege of Fort Sumter:sent food , hilt no troops or gllns

ISouth Carolina's response to Lincoln's plan:I· attacked Fort Sllmter and took it overI

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