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7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain
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The DIABETES and STROKE
Stop Stroke. Act FAST . Spread Hope
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Diabetes and Stroke
If you have diabetes, it’s importantto understand your increased riskof stroke. Multiple studies haveshown that people with diabetesare at greater risk for strokecompared to people withoutdiabetes -- regardless of thenumber of health risk factors theyhave. verall, the health risk of
cardiovascular disease !includingstroke" is two-and-a-half timeshigher in men and women withdiabetes.
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Diabetes and Stroke
“Better Screening, medicines and careattributed to decrease the rate of stroke andheart attacks among diabetics by 60%. It alsohelp to decline the number of diabetes-related kidney failure and amputations.
#(S!' In #$$%’s, key studies showed thatdiabetics could keep their blood sugar,blood pressure and cholesterol undercontrol. &he research suggested that
complications, including stroke were notnecessary inevitable.
&he result of the study revealed that earlydetection and treatment aided to decreasethe rates of diabetes-related complications,including stroke.
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Diabetes and Stroke
#)*+' Diabetes is now the biggest single cause ofamputation, stroke, blindness, and end-stagekidney failure. More than half of all deaths fromdiabetes results from cardiovascular disease,including heart attack and stroke.'y (%)%, diabetics are e*pected to rise to +)million, an increase over % in (% years. /lmost% of diabetics live in developing countries. neout of every 0ve 1ilipinos could potentially have
diabetes or pre-diabetes.)ublic-priate partnerships can play a keyrole in stopping the diabetes epidemic byadopting a comprehensie, holistic, and
integrated approach to diabetes education,preention through a healthy lifestyle, early
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2hat is Stroke3
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2hat is Stroke3'rain tissue needs a constantsupply of o*ygen andnutrients to keep nerve cellsand other parts of the tissuealive and functioning. &he
brain relies on a network ofblood vessels to provide itwith blood that is rich ino*ygen. / stroke occurs when
one of these blood vesselsbecomes damaged orblocked, preventing bloodfrom reaching an area of the
brain. 2hen that part of thebrain is cut o4 from its su l
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2hat is Stroke3
&here are to typesof strokes5
•
those that arecaused by arupture in anartery, also knownas hemorrhagic
stroke,• strokes that are
caused by blockageof an artery, also
known as ischemic
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M6D78 Stroke 9nit
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iabetes
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M6D78 Stroke 9nit
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=isk 1actors of Stroke
•
8aving diabetes raises your risk for stroke.• /ge
• 1amily background is /frican /merican
• /lready had a stroke before
• 1amily history of stroke• 8eart
disease• 8igh bloodpressure• verweight and obese
• 8igh >D> !bad" cholesterol and low 8D>!good" cholesterol levels
• ;ot physically active
• Smoke and alcohol
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=isk 1actors of Stroke
@ou canAt change some of these risk factors.'ut you can lower your chances of having a
stroke by taking care of your diabetes andtackling some of the other risk factors, suchas losing weight if youAre overweight. ItAs upto you.
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Signs and Symptoms5
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Signs and Symptoms5
• 2eakness or numbness on one side ofthe body
• Sudden confusion or troubleunderstanding
• &rouble talking
• DiBBiness, loss of balance, or troublewalking
• &rouble seeing out of one orboth eyes C double vision
• Severeheadache
2h St k i
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2hy Stroke is anmergency3
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8ow is a stroke diagnosed3
• Ehysical *amination• 6& and M=I tests use special scans to
provide images of the brain.•
/n 67 !electrocardiogram" providesinformation on heart rate and rhythm
• /n ultrasound e*amination can showproblems in the carotid arteries, which
carry blood from the heart to the brain.• In a cerebral arteriogram, a small tube is
inserted into an artery and positioned inthe neck. &he health care provider inFects
dye into the artery. &hen the provider takesG-ra s to look for narrowed or blocked
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&reatment
• 81lot-busting8 drugs must be given within hours
after a stroke to minimiBe damage. /ntiplateletagents such as aspirin and anticoagulants, such aswarfarin, interfere with the bloodAs ability to clot andcan play an important role in preventing stroke.
•
!ntihypertensies are medications that treat highblood pressure. Depending on the type ofmedication, they can lower blood pressure byopening the blood vessels, decreasing blood volumeor decreasing the rate andCor force of heart
contraction.
2reatment youneed rightaay999
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Ischemic Stroke 2reatment
• &he only 1D/ approved treatment forischemic strokes is tissue plasminogen
activator.• 2orks by dissolving the clot and improving
blood How to the part of the brain beingdeprived of blood How. If administered
within ) hours!and up to +. hours incertain eligible patients", tE/ may improvethe chances of recovering from a stroke.
• / signi0cant number of stroke victims don’t
get to the hospital in time for tE/ treatment’
tPA, the GoldStandard
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Ischemic Stroke 2reatment
/nother treatment option is an endovascularprocedure in which specially trained doctors tryremoving the blood clot by sending a catheter tothe site of the blocked blood vessel in the brain.Sometimes these procedures involve tE/ being
administered directly into the blood clot !calledintra-arterial treatment" to help dissolve theblockage. In other procedures, the doctor mayattempt to remove the clot.
J;ote5 Eatients must meet certain criteria to be
EndovascularProcedures
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*emorrhagic Stroke 2reatment
ndovascular procedures may be used totreat certain hemorrhagic strokes similar tothe way the procedure is used for treating anischemic stroke. &hese procedures are lessinvasive than surgical treatments, and involvethe use of a catheter introduced through amaFor artery in the leg or arm, then guided tothe aneurysm or /KM it then deposits amechanical agent, such as a coil, to prevent
EndovascularProcedures
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*emorrhagic Stroke 2reatment
1or strokes caused by a bleed within the
brain !hemorrhagic stroke", or by anabnormal tangle of blood vessels !/KM",surgical treatment may be done to stopthe bleeding. If the bleed is caused by a
ruptured aneurysm !swelling of the vesselthat breaks", a metal clip may be placedsurgically at the base of the aneurysm tosecure it.
SurgicalTreatment
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&reatment
&he way you are cared forfollowing a stroke includestreatments and e5ercisesto restore function or helppeople relearn skills.
)hysical, occupationaland speech therapy maybe included, as well aspsychological counseling.
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&reatment
Steps to prevent future problems shouldinclude uitting smoking, healthy eating,physical actiity, to manageblood glucose, blood pressure and
cholesterol leels.
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Erevention
• Don’t Smoke.
• Leep your blood sugar levels controlled.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• *ercise regularly.
• 8ave your cholesterol checked !especially your >D>,or bad, cholesterol" and if necessary, lower yourlevels by limiting the amount of fat and cholesterol
you eat. &he target should be an >D> level of less
than#%% mgCdl !milligrams per deciliter". Somee*perts recommend even lower levels !less than :%mgCdl" for those considered very high risk.
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Erevention
• >imit the amount of alcohol you drink. 7uidelinesare one drink per day for women and two drinksa day for men.
• 8ave your blood pressure checked and controlyour blood pressure, if necessary.
• 1ollow your health care providerAs instructionsfor changing your diet.
• 1ollow your health care providerAs instructionsfor taking preventive medicines.
• &ake daily aspirin therapy as prescribed byyour doctor.