The Earth in Space Chapter 2 Section 1. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet 70% of the earth is Salt Water. 70% of the earth is Salt Water. The earth is surrounded

The Earth in SpaceThe Earth in Space

Chapter 2 Section 1Chapter 2 Section 1

2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet

70% of the earth is Salt Water.70% of the earth is Salt Water.The earth is surrounded by a blanket of The earth is surrounded by a blanket of

gases called the gases called the atmosphereatmosphereThe atmosphere is made up of 78% The atmosphere is made up of 78%

nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases.nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases.


The solid outermost zone of the earth is The solid outermost zone of the earth is called the crust.called the crust.

Beneath the oceans, the crust is called Beneath the oceans, the crust is called oceanic crustoceanic crust..

The part of the crust that makes up the The part of the crust that makes up the continents is called continents is called continental crustcontinental crust..


Below the crust is the Below the crust is the mantlemantle..The uppermost part of the mantle is cool The uppermost part of the mantle is cool

and brittle.and brittle.This part and the crust make up the This part and the crust make up the

lithospherelithosphere..


The bottom portion of the mantle is called The bottom portion of the mantle is called the the asthenosphereasthenosphere..

Because of the enormous heat and Because of the enormous heat and pressure, the solid rock of the pressure, the solid rock of the asthenosphere has the ability to flowasthenosphere has the ability to flow


Below the mantle is the core.Below the mantle is the core. It is mostly made of iron.It is mostly made of iron.Scientists think the outer core is a dense Scientists think the outer core is a dense

liquid layer.liquid layer.The inner core is a dense solid layerThe inner core is a dense solid layer


There are 2 types of seismic waves.There are 2 types of seismic waves.Primary waves or Primary waves or P wavesP wavesSecondary waves or Secondary waves or S wavesS wavesP waves travel through solids, liquids, and P waves travel through solids, liquids, and

gasesgasesS waves only travel through solidsS waves only travel through solids


P waves travel faster than S wavesP waves travel faster than S wavesBoth P and S travel faster when they are Both P and S travel faster when they are

going through more rigid material.going through more rigid material.S waves cannot travel through the core, S waves cannot travel through the core,

only the P waves can.only the P waves can.


The speed of seismic waves increases The speed of seismic waves increases abruptly from 32km to 70km beneath the abruptly from 32km to 70km beneath the surface.surface.

This is the boundary between the crust This is the boundary between the crust and the mantle.and the mantle.

This is called the This is called the MohoMoho..


The earth’s magnetic field affects an area The earth’s magnetic field affects an area that extends beyond the atmosphere.that extends beyond the atmosphere.

This region is called the This region is called the magnetospheremagnetosphere..


GravityGravity is the force of attraction that exists is the force of attraction that exists between all matter in the universe.between all matter in the universe.

The larger the masses of the 2 objects and The larger the masses of the 2 objects and the closer together they are, the greater the closer together they are, the greater the force of gravity will be between them.the force of gravity will be between them.


WeightWeight is a measure of the strength of the is a measure of the strength of the pull of gravity on an object.pull of gravity on an object.

Weight and mass are not the sameWeight and mass are not the sameMassMass is the amount of matter in an object. is the amount of matter in an object.Weight is the force of gravity on that Weight is the force of gravity on that

matter.matter.You weigh more at the North Pole than at You weigh more at the North Pole than at

the equator.the equator.

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The Earth in Space Chapter 2 Section 1. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet 70% of the earth is Salt Water. 70% of the earth is Salt Water. The earth is surrounded