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The electron EDM search in solid ferroelectric Eu 0.5 Ba 0.5 TiO 3. Alex Sushkov. Steve Eckel. Steve Lamoreaux. The Yale experiment. Steve Eckel. electronics. EDM experiment enclosed in magnetic shielding. vacuum pumps. liquid helium cryostat. The idea for a solid-state search. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The electron EDM search in solid ferroelectric Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3
Alex SushkovSteve Eckel Steve Lamoreaux
2
The Yale experiment
Steve Eckel
vacuum pumps
electronics
EDM experiment enclosed in magnetic shielding
liquid helium cryostat
3
The idea for a solid-state search
EdBH aa
0B
4
The idea for a solid-state search
ad E
atomic EDM
EdH a
5
The idea for a solid-state search
ad E
a
B
d Enk T
atomic EDM
temperature
polarization
EdH a
6
The idea for a solid-state search
ad E
a
B
d Enk T
aa
B
d EM nk T
atomic EDM
temperature
polarization
magneticdipolemomentof one atomatom density
magnetizationd as EDM vector
has to point along the spin
EdH a
7
The idea for a solid-state search
aa
B
d EM nk T
8
Europium
Eu2+
ground state: 8S7/2 (L=0, S=7/2, J=7/2), configuration: [Xe] 4f7
The electrons
with unpaired
spins
9
Ferroelectric Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3:the perovskite crystal structure
O2-
Ti4+
Eu2+ or Ba2+
T > Tc(e): dielectric
cubic symmetry, effective electric field E* = 0
10
Ferroelectric Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3:the perovskite crystal structure
O2-
Ti4+
Eu2+ or Ba2+
T < Tc(e): ferroelectric
symmetry broken, effective electric field E* 10 MV/cm
11
The effective electric field in Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3
E* 10 MV/cm
Eapplied = 0
[PRA 81, 022104 (2010)]
12
Making Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3 ceramics
OH41TiOBaEu H
41TiO
21BaTiO
21OEu
41
230.50.522332
Solid-state reaction at 1200 C in hydrogen/argon atmosphere
First time this material
has been synthesized and studied
[Nature Materials,July 2010]
13
Crystal structure of Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3
OH41TiOBaEu H
41TiO
21BaTiO
21OEu
41
230.50.522332
X-ray diffraction spectra
Cubic (perovskite)
structure
14
Multiferroic properties of Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3
cB
B
TTn
k
3
)8( 2
:Fit
magnetic moment of
Eu2+ ion
density of Eu2+ ions
magnetic ordering
temperature
K cm -3
)1.07.1(106 21
cTn
Magnetic susceptibility measurement
Multiferroic The EDM experiment is in the paramagnetic phase
15
EDM experiment schematic
2 samples
ground plane(graphite-painted)
superconducting Pb foil with a slit
for improving magnetic field homogeneity
2 layers of superconducting
magnetic shielding (Pb foil)
3 SQUID pickup loops
2 high-voltage electrodes
(graphite-painted)
superconducting solenoid
16
Some very recent EDM data
Time (s)
SQU
ID si
gnal
(0)
E EM M
EDM signature
17
Some very recent EDM data
Time (s)
SQU
ID si
gnal
(0)
E EM M
displacement-current spikes during
polarization switching
18
A few minutes of EDM data
Systematics
• Sample heating + magnetic field
• Magnetoelectric effect: P2M2
• No leakage currents
• No Berry’s phase
• No interference from external magnetic fields
Eapplied = 0
superconducting magnetic shielding
Beam/cell systematics we don’t have to deal with:
Systematics we have to deal with:
Need absolute magnetic field control at 100 nG
level to suppress these to 10-28 ecm
Sample heating + magnetic field
H
Reverse sample polarization sample heats up! sample permeability drops
sample magnetization dropsH flux through the pickup loop drops
SQUID signal correlated with polarization reversal
The good news: no systematic at H=0
The magnetoelectric effect
22222
)(2828
MPMPMMHHPPEE
thermodynamic free energy
polarization magnetization
appliedelectric field
appliedmagnetic field
the EDM term:violates P- andT-symmetries
the magnetoelectric term: obeys P- and T-
symmetries
gives rise to magnetization: zzz HPM 2
external magnetic field
quadratic inwhile EDM is linear in
zPBUT if the polarization reversal is imperfect, then we get a signal
that mimics EDM
zP
Magnetoelectric effect
Magnetoelectric magnetization: zzz HPM 2
external magnetic field
mG 10zH
The good news:no systematic at H=0
23
The sensitivity of electron EDM search
magnetic field sensitivity:
effective electric field:
3 fT/ HzB
* 10 MV/cmE
Electric dipole moment sensitivity
temperature:Boltzmann’s constant
Eu2+ number density:Eu2+ magnetic moment:
Bottom line:
After 1 hour of averaging: After 10 days of averaging:
current best limit
*8)(3EB
nTTkd
B
cBe
K 2.4T K 1.7cT
Ba 8 -321 cm 106n
cme 102 27 ed cme 28103ed
[PRA 81, 022104 (2010)]
Summary
• First data run 10-24 ecm after a few minutes of
data taking
• Modifications in progress:
sapphire ground plane
magnetic shielding
to conduct heat away from the sample
to reduce background magnetic field