The End of Empire Mr. Ermer World History AP Miami Beach Senior
High
Slide 2
India After WWII, Asian nations seek independence Winston
Churchill suspends self-rule initiatives Succeeded by Labor PM
Clement Attlee Attlee more inclined toward dismantling empire As
India moves closer toward independence, communalism on the rise
Communalism stresses religious rather than national identity (Great
Calcutta Killing) Nehru and Gandhi against partition of India
August 15, 1947: India and Pakistan created, freed Gandhi predicts
rivers of blood, refugees migrate Rivalries build between the two
states Indian independence inspires movements elsewhere Nonaligned
Movement: resists picking sides in Cold War
Slide 3
Slide 4
1947: Partition of British India
Slide 5
Vietnam Vietnam fights post-war France for independence The
United States supported French claim to colonies Vietnamese
Nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, leads communist Viet Minh against
France Issues Vietnamese Declaration of Independence China sends
military aid to Viet Minh 1954: Viet Minh defeat French at
Dienbienphu The Geneva Conference Partitioning of Vietnam along
seventeenth parallel North Vietnam: Communist with capital at Hanoi
South Vietnam: non-communist with capital at Saigon Ngo Dinh Diem:
president of South Vietnam with U.S. support Diems cruel rule
unpopular among Vietnamese in south 1960: National Liberation Front
(NLF) fights against Diems forces Buddhists practice
self-immolation
Slide 6
French Indochina
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
War in Vietnam Dwight D. Eisenhower applies Domino Theory
Kennedy also applies theory, increases aid to Diem President
Johnson increases direct U.S. involvement Fight NLF Viet Cong in
south, bomb the north Ho Chi Minh patiently fights against foreign
influencewar of attrition Support for war declines in the U.S.
President Nixon calls for vietnamization Replacing of American
forces with South Vietnamese Opens dialogue with Soviets and
Chinese 1973: Paris Peace Accords Northern forces defeat the South
in 1975 Reunification of Vietnam in 1976
Slide 11
Slide 12
Slide 13
Israel/Palestine Under mandate system, British made conflicting
promises to Palestinian Arabs and Jewish migrants 1917: Zionist
Balfour Declaration lends British support European Jews seek
homeland, protection Zionism gains steam across Europe Britain
allows migration of settler Jews to Palestine British limit Jewish
migration to Palestine Promise to protect Palestinian rights
Pan-Arab Nationalism grows in opposition to Zionism After
Holocaust, Zionist commitment increases in Jews 1945: Violent
Jewish resistance to Palestinian and British ruleKing David Hotel
bombing of 1946 1947: Britain hands Palestine over to United
Nations Partition of Palestine into two states, Jewish and Arab
Civil War erupts, Palestinians see partition as unacceptable 1948:
Jewish forces proclaim creation of State of Israel Series of
conflicts helps Israel expand territory
Slide 14
Slide 15
Egypt Egypt leads Arab world against Israel 1952: Egyptian
military ousts King Farouk Gamal Abdel Nasser and Egyptian military
in power Eschew democracy and constitutional government Suppress
communists and Muslim Brotherhood 1954: Nasser names self
prime-minister Militarization and industrialization Nasser sees
Cold War alliances as new imperialism Joins Nehrus nonaligned
movement Condemns Baghdad Pact Gets assistance from both U.S. and
Soviets Sends aid to Algerians fighting French Opposes Israel as a
settler colony of Europeans Abolished British military control of
Suez Canal
Slide 16
Slide 17
Africa 1954: French begin to fight for control of Algeria
1954-1960: Most other French African colonies freed French fight
the Front de Libration Nationale (FNL) 1955: FNL moves into urban
areas, France sends troops 1962: Algeria gains independence, Frantz
Fanon writes 1960: The Year of Africa African elites form cultural
and political institutions 1957: Ghana gains independence from
Britain Kwame Nkrumah becomes leader, African symbol Non-violence
and mass action Kenya fights for independence, bloody conflict
South Africas apartheid regime 1948: Afrikaner National Party comes
to power Creates racially segregated society African National
Congress fights for equality 1989: F. W. de Klerk negotiates
transition with Nelson Mandela
Slide 18
Slide 19
Slide 20
Communist China Mao Zedongs CCP reunifies China China emulates
Soviet style Five Year Plans in 1955 Build infrastructure and heavy
industry Collectivization of agricultural lands Womens rights The
Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) Failed attempt to overtake other
economies by collectivization of entire economy The Cultural
Revolution (1966-1976) Targeted teachers, artists, elites,
professionals Many beaten, jailed, killed by young zealots, damages
unity Deng Xiaoping succeeds Mao in 1981 Opens trade with West,
undoes some of Maos ideas Tiananmen Square
Slide 21
Slide 22
Indian Democracy 1966: Indira Gandhi is leader of Congress
Party Serves as prime minister 1966-1977, 1980-1984 Institutes
Green Revolution Experiences challenges in keeping India united
Sectarian violence Out of control birth rates Government
sterilization programs Amritsar genocide of Sikhs Gandhi
assassinated by Sikh bodyguards in 1984 Rajiv Gandhi takes power in
1985, assassinated in 1991
Slide 23
Slide 24
The Middle East 1970: Rise of Islamism and Pan-Arab Nationalism
Many Muslims lament loss of Islamic values, sharia Rise of
Pan-Islamic unity, extremism Western social norms blamed for
decline of Islamic societies, secularization, political failures
Anger directed toward Europe and the United States Extremists use
concept of jihad to legitimize terrorism The Iranian Revolution
U.S. support of Shah Pahlavi militarizes Iran Oil money helps Iran
industrialize, Islamism on the rise Many resent influence of
foreign oil companies, govts Students, small business owners,
liberal politicians oppose Shah Ayatollah Khomeini leads Islamic
Revolution in 1979 Revolution strongly anti-American Iraqs Saddam
Hussein invades Iran to take advantage Iraq-Iran War lasts until
1988
Slide 25
Slide 26
Argentina Transformation of pampas to farmlands Controlled by
oligarquia with government support European upper-class creates
urban culture in Buenos Aires, support British business European
& American goods make up most manufactured goods in Argentina,
railroads speak English 1920s: Hipolito Irigoyen elected president
Increased ties and trade with US and Europe Rapid
industrialization, prosperity Series of military coups ends with
Juan Perons rise At first creates Nazi inspired fascist/military
government After Nazis lose, Peron reinvents his politics Eva
Duarte Peron s championing of the descamisados 1946: Perons
establish populist dictatorship
