The Rise The Rise of Islamof Islam

Mr. ErmerMr. Ermer

World HistoryWorld History

Miami Beach Senior HighMiami Beach Senior High

The ArabsThe Arabs Semitic people (like Hebrews & Assyrians) Semitic people (like Hebrews & Assyrians)

from the Arabian Peninsulafrom the Arabian Peninsula Nomads, moving to find water, organized into Nomads, moving to find water, organized into

tribestribes Tribes ruled by Sheikh, chosen by eldersTribes ruled by Sheikh, chosen by elders Farmers, sheepherders, tradersFarmers, sheepherders, traders

Helped support trade routes between Mediterranean Helped support trade routes between Mediterranean and Chinaand China

Fall of Rome, and problems in Egypt and Fall of Rome, and problems in Egypt and Mesopotamia shift from established trade Mesopotamia shift from established trade routes to a route through Makkah (Mecca)routes to a route through Makkah (Mecca)

Communities on this route grew richCommunities on this route grew rich

Arabian traders were in constant contact with merchants from Europe, Africa, India and China. The Arabian Peninsula becomes the world’s crossroads, a meeting place for ideas, wealth and goods from around the world.

Religion of the ArabsReligion of the Arabs Arabs trace their heritage back to Arabs trace their heritage back to

Abraham (same as Hebrews), and his Abraham (same as Hebrews), and his son Ishmaelson Ishmael

Believe Abraham and Ishmael founded Believe Abraham and Ishmael founded Mecca and built the Kaaba—a Mecca and built the Kaaba—a polytheistic place of worship polytheistic place of worship Kaaba a popular site for Arab pilgrimagesKaaba a popular site for Arab pilgrimages

Arabs were polytheistic, believing in Arabs were polytheistic, believing in many gods, but one supreme god named many gods, but one supreme god named Al0lah (Al0lah (allahallah is Arabic for “god”) is Arabic for “god”)

The Kaaba The Kaaba

A new faith, a new A new faith, a new prophet of Allahprophet of Allah

MuhammadMuhammad born in Mecca, orphaned at 5 born in Mecca, orphaned at 5 years oldyears old

Married a rich woman, also his bossMarried a rich woman, also his boss Troubled by economic inequalities, he took to Troubled by economic inequalities, he took to

meditating in a cavemeditating in a cave Believed Allah’s angel, Gabriel, spoke the Believed Allah’s angel, Gabriel, spoke the

words of God to himwords of God to him Believing that Allah had already revealed Believing that Allah had already revealed

himself through Moses & Jesus (Hebrew and himself through Moses & Jesus (Hebrew and Christian scriptures), the revelation made Christian scriptures), the revelation made through Muhammad would be the last words of through Muhammad would be the last words of Allah to mankindAllah to mankind

The Prophet MuhammadThe Prophet Muhammad

A new religion is born…A new religion is born… Muhammad believed he was the last Muhammad believed he was the last

prophet, in a long line of prophetsprophet, in a long line of prophets Muhammad’s faith became known as Muhammad’s faith became known as

Islam Islam “peace through submission to the “peace through submission to the will of Allah”will of Allah”

Muhammad wrote what Allah told him in Muhammad wrote what Allah told him in the the Quran Quran (holy book of Islam)(holy book of Islam)

Followers of the new faith are called Followers of the new faith are called Muslims Muslims (those who submit)(those who submit)

Slow spread of Islam:Slow spread of Islam: Muhammad began preaching in MeccaMuhammad began preaching in Mecca

After 3 years of preaching, only 30 followersAfter 3 years of preaching, only 30 followers

Muslims persecuted in MeccaMuslims persecuted in Mecca A.D. 622: Muhammad and Muslims leave A.D. 622: Muhammad and Muslims leave

Mecca for Yathrib (later renamed Mecca for Yathrib (later renamed MedinaMedina, or “city of the prophet”), this , or “city of the prophet”), this journey became known as journey became known as HijrahHijrah

622 becomes year 1 of the Muslim 622 becomes year 1 of the Muslim calendarcalendar

The HijrahThe Hijrah

Medina & the BedouinsMedina & the Bedouins Islam spreads quickly in Medina, and in Islam spreads quickly in Medina, and in

the desert among the desert among BedouinsBedouins (Arabs in (Arabs in the desert)the desert)

Muslims saw no separation between Muslims saw no separation between religious and political authorityreligious and political authority

Muhammad soon became political leader Muhammad soon became political leader of Medina, and raised an army to protect of Medina, and raised an army to protect faithful Muslimsfaithful Muslims

Medina’s army beats Mecca in battle, Medina’s army beats Mecca in battle, others begin to believe, Islam growsothers begin to believe, Islam grows

Mecca & MedinaMecca & Medina

630: Muhammad returns to Mecca with 630: Muhammad returns to Mecca with army of 10,000; Mecca surrendersarmy of 10,000; Mecca surrenders

Most inhabitants convert to IslamMost inhabitants convert to Islam Muhammad visits the Kaaba, names it a Muhammad visits the Kaaba, names it a

holy place of Islamholy place of Islam Muhammad dies in 632, as Islam soarsMuhammad dies in 632, as Islam soars Muslims are required to, if able, make a Muslims are required to, if able, make a

pilgrimage to the Kaaba at least once in a pilgrimage to the Kaaba at least once in a lifetimelifetime

Islam Under MuhammadIslam Under Muhammad

Islamic TeachingIslamic Teaching Monotheistic: Allah is only God, and Monotheistic: Allah is only God, and

Muhammad is his prophetMuhammad is his prophet Hinges on salvation, must submit to liveHinges on salvation, must submit to live Believe people rejected earlier prophets Believe people rejected earlier prophets

(Moses, Elijah, Jesus, etc) so Allah made a (Moses, Elijah, Jesus, etc) so Allah made a final revelation through Muhammadfinal revelation through Muhammad

After Muhammad’s death, scholars issue After Muhammad’s death, scholars issue shari’ahshari’ah: a code of law applying the Quran’s : a code of law applying the Quran’s teachings to everyday lifeteachings to everyday life Dictates family life, busines practices, government Dictates family life, busines practices, government

and moral conductand moral conduct Forbidden behavior= gambling, eating pork, drinkingForbidden behavior= gambling, eating pork, drinking

Five Pillars of Islam:Five Pillars of Islam: BeliefBelief:: “There is no god but Allah, and “There is no god but Allah, and

Muhammad is his prophet”Muhammad is his prophet” PrayerPrayer:: Must perform prescribed prayers Must perform prescribed prayers

five times a dayfive times a day CharityCharity: : “giving alms” giving part of one’s “giving alms” giving part of one’s

wealth to the poorwealth to the poor FastingFasting:: Refraining from eating or Refraining from eating or

drinking from dawn to sunset during the drinking from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadanmonth of Ramadan

PilgrimagePilgrimage: : Must visit Mecca once in lifeMust visit Mecca once in life

The Five Pillars:The Five Pillars:

Chapter 3, Lesson 1 Chapter 3, Lesson 1 ReviewReview

On page 49, write and answer questions On page 49, write and answer questions 1-51-5