The Equations:

Cell Respiration:C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

Photosynthesis:6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

BIG PICTURE OF CELL RESPIRATION:

-process by which the mitochondria produce ATP by breaking down organic compounds (food we eat).

-cells need “usable” forms of energy to function and maintain homeostasis. ATP is the usable form.

Flowchart of Cell Respiration

Step 1: GlycolysisFunction:

-food we eat is converted to pyruvic acid (2 molecules pyruvate). -anaerobic (no oxygen)

Location: cytosol of the eukaryotic cell

Reactants: organic compounds (food), NAD+ & ADP

Products: 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate)2 NADH (energy)2 ATP’s (energy)

Energy Yield: 2 ATP’s

Step 2 (if oxygen is present):Aerobic Respiration

-pyruvic acid is converted to Acetyl Coa prior to entering the Kreb’s Cycle.

Function: 1. Krebs cycle- produce NADH & FADH2

2. ETC & Chemiosmosis- produce ATP

Location: eukaryotes- Krebs in the mitochondrial matrix & the ETC is in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

prokaryotes- cytoplasm & cell membrane

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)Reactants: Acetyl CoA, NAD+ & FAD+

Products: CO2 (given off as a waste product)

NADH FADH

ATP (2 molecules)

Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis (uses enzyme: ATP synthase)

Reactants: NADH, FADH2

Products: NAD+ & FAD+ get recycledwater (given off as a waste product)ATP (34 molecules)

Fermentation: (if no oxygen is present)

Two common fermentation pathways:1. Lactic Acid Fermentation2. Alcoholic Fermentation

Function:-always start with glycolysis-no oxygen is present -NADH NAD+ (recycled back to glycolysis)-produce either lactic acid or alcohol.

Location: cytosol

*No oxygen = no ATP production.

Lactic Acid FermentationReactants: pyruvic acid

NADH

Product: NAD+

lactic acid

-Lactic Acid Fermentation is important in the manufacturing of various foods. (yogurt, cheese)-Athletes also experience Lactic Acid buildup…cramping and fatigue.

Alcoholic FermentationReactants: pyruvic acid

NADH

Product: NAD+

alcohol

-Process occurs in plants and yeast.-This process is important in making bread and alcohol products.

Final Analysis: Net production of ATP through aerobic respiration…38

ATP (2 from glycolysis 2 from Kreb’s and 34 from ETC/Chemiosmosis)

Aerobic Respiration is much more efficient in producing ATP! Why…oxygen is present.