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The First English Colonies are PLANTED. Elizabeth I 1533-1603 “The Virgin Queen”. Religious and personal ambition Henry VIII and Anglican church Spain falters (Armada defeated) England’s golden age Primogeniture and Pirates!. Lecture 2 APUSH The Plantation Colonies. Why England?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The First English Colonies are PLANTED
Lecture 2 APUSHThe Plantation ColoniesElizabeth I 1533-
1603
“The Virgin Queen” 1. Religious and personal ambition
Henry VIII and Anglican church
2. Spain falters (Armada defeated)
3. England’s golden age4. Primogeniture and Pirates!
Why England?
• Spanish Santa Fe 1610• French Quebec 1608• English Jamestown 1607
When you are asked why, your answer will be a thesis (AKA…Analysis!!)
Also in US history, someone has already come up with a theory for these questions, so usually your task is to know the possible answers and to evaluate those possibilities—rank, decide and support.
1. Religious and personal ambition
(Henry VIII and Anglican church)
2. Spain falters (Armada defeated)
3. England’s golden age4. Primogeniture and Pirates!
Why England?
1. Oh Henry! Henry VIII wants a son…doesn’t get one so…
The Anglican Church of England is formed!
• Henry VIII makes himself head of the Church of England, grants himself a divorce and the Protestant/Catholic conflict in England begins
Background: 1517 Protestant Reformation in Wittenburg begins with Martin Luther and the 95 theses
John Calvin-French theologian--HUGE influence in American culture
John Knox-Presbyterians in Scotland
Elizabeth I 1558-1603
BRITISH News flash!
This is not a boy!!
Spanish Armada (1588)
The Golden Age of English Literature and the English Renaissance
• Shakespeare• Confidence!• Adventure—Laws of
Primogeniture dictate that oldest sons inherit property, so what’s a second son to do?
• Walter Raleigh? Francis Drake?
After a couple of false starts
• Roanoke 1587 The Lost Colony
Sir Walter Raleigh came with supplies 3 years later…but this was the only clue
Jamestown 1607
• John Smith • Powhatan• Pocahontas
“He who does not work, shall not eat!”
New Opportunities►A recession in the 1590’s =
desperate people►Get rich quick w/ the
Virginia Company (1606)►Settles at Jamestown on
the James River (5/24/1607)
Jamestown Settlement
Susan Constant
Discovery
Godspeed
Jamestown Settlement
There was no talk…but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load
gold…
Captain John SmithThe right man for the job?
The Starving TimePOPULATION: 1607: 104 colonists By spring, 1608: 38 survived 1609: 300 more immigrants By spring, 1610: 60 survived 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants 1624 population: 1,200 Adult life expectancy: 40 years Death of children before age 5:
80%
Who saves the day????Lord De La
Warr►Resupplies colony in 1610►Brings military into colony ►Starts war with Powhatan
Tribe►Leads to the crown taking over
the colony in 1624 (House of Burgesses, 1619)
Implications for Native Americans?
• Disease• Disorganization• Disposability
The 3 D’sSurvival means adaptation:-Lakota Sioux migrate and use
horses -Catawba nation formed from survivors of 3 D’s -Algonquians trade
Powhatan Tribe1610-1614 1644
Gone by 1685
What finally made the colony prosperous??
John RolfeTobacco!
Virginia’s gold and silver. John Rolfe, 1612
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.
Jamestown Colonization
Pattern: 1620-1660
• Large plantations [>100 acres].
• Widely spread apart [>5 miles].Social/Economic
PROBLEMS???
Headright System: Each Virginian got 50 acres
for each person whose passage they paid
Indenture Contract: 5-7 years. Promised “freedom dues”
[land, $] Forbidden to marry. 1610-1614: only 1 in 10
outlived their indentured contracts!
Indentured Servitude
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
1607 1630 1650 1670 1690
WhiteBlack
Population of Virginia
1619 1st slave ship arrives off coast. Start ofSlavery in plantation colonies
Maryland!• Founded in 1634 by Lord
Baltimore• Catholic Refuge (Toleration
Act, 1649)
1660s – 1730sThe Carolinas & Georgia.Planters & yeomen farmers from VA or the Sugar Islands.Note the “king” names…Debtors & other petty criminals.Indigo and Rice top crops
The Carolinas and Georgia
Summary: The Plantation Colonies similarities (Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Georgia)
1. Export of agricultural crops-sugar, rice, tobacco
2. Slavery3. Aristocrats have the political
power (e.g.House of Burgesses) and economic power in plantations ($$)
4. Slow growth of cities and education