The Function and Composition of the Blood Blood Types Blood
Disorders and Diseases Blood
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Pg. 141 The Blood The Function and Composition of Blood
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Functions of the Blood
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. liquid portion of blood (plasma) red
blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen white blood cells
(leukocytes) immune response platelets (thrombocytes) clot The
Formed Elements
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. blood volume 45 liters of blood taste
salty color bright red from artery dull red from vein Physical
Properties of Blood
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. liquid portion of blood 90% water ~
maintained by kidneys and water intake/output 8% plasma proteins
Fibrinogen (blood clotting) Albumin (product of liver; maintain
bloods osmotic pressure and volume) Globulin (synthesis of
antibodies and blood coagulation) 2% mixture of electrolytes,
nutrients, vitamins, enzymes, hormones, metabolic waste products
Plasma
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Composition of Blood
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Hematopoiesis manufacturing new blood
cells occurs in red bone marrow lymphatic tissue *some white blood
cells* develop from stem cells Erythropoiesis manufacturing new red
blood cells occurs in red bone marrow of all bones until
adolescence after, only formed in short and flat bones Formation of
Blood Cells
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. disk-shaped 7 8 micrometers in diameter
enucleated (contain no nucleus) hemoglobin red pigment protein
molecule, globin, and iron compound, heme binds with oxygen more
abundant in males than females recycling red blood cells live 120
days phagocytosisRBCs recycled hemolysisRBCs broken open Red Blood
Cells (Erythrocytes)
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Granulocytes (Granules present when
stained; Live only a few days) Neutrophils first responders perform
phagocytosis kill bacteria and fungi Eosinophils allergic reactions
destroy parasitic worms control allergic responses Basophils
produce and release histamine allergic reactions Characteristics of
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Characteristics of White Blood Cells
(Leukocytes) Agranulocytes (No granules present when stained;
lifespan of few days to several years) Lymphocytes B cells produce
antibodies T cells and NK cells fight cancerous tumors and viruses
Monocytes perform phagocytosis live longer than neutrophils morph
into macrophages and remove dead cell debris and attack
microorganisms
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. aid in hemostasis stops bleeding steps
of hemostasis vessel wall injury and constriction platelet
aggregation platelet plug formation and coagulation blood clot
formation and retraction Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Process of Hemostasis
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Chapter 10: The Blood Pg. 143 Blood Types
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. A, B, AB, and O inherited from parents
determined by presence, or absence, of blood protein called
agglutinogen or antigen on surface of red blood cell people with
blood type A have the A antigen protein present in plasma known as
antibody or agglitinin people with blood type A have B antibodies
Blood Types
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Blood Types
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Blood Transfusions agglutination
clumping of RBCs universal recipient blood type AB+ universal donor
blood type O- Importance of Blood Typing
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Human red blood cells also contain the
Rh antigen aka Rh factor Found on the surface of red blood cells
Rh-positive individuals have Rh factor antigen on RBCs 85% of North
Americans Rh-negative individuals do not have Rh factor antigen on
RBCs 15% of North Americans Rh factor complications
erythroblastosis fetalis (Rh mother, Rh+ fetus) drug RhoGAM given
to mother within 72 hours of delivery The Rh Classification
System
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Pg. 145 Blood Disorders and Diseases Chapter 10: The Blood
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. detects blood disorders or diseases
Complete Blood Count
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. anemia jaundice hemophilia polycythemia
leukemia multiple myeloma Blood Disorders and Diseases
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. decrease in number of RBCs insufficient
amount of hemoglobin acquired anemia deficient diet, parasitic
worms, disease inherited anemia genetic makeup Anemia
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. iron-deficiency anemia insufficient
dietary intake of iron, bleeding from intestinal worms, or
pregnancy aplastic anemia damage to stem cells in bone marrow
caused by toxins, radiation therapy or chemotherapy, infectious
disease, or heredity pernicious anemia intestines can not absorb
vitamin B 12 anemias caused by chronic disease (rheumatoid
arthritis, kidney disease, chronic infections, cancer) Acquired
Anemias
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. sickle cell anemia RBCs have abnormal
shape crises painful episodes Thalassemia/Coole ys anemia cannot
produce fully formed hemoglobin no natural way for blood to
eliminate iron Inherited Anemias
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. yellow-colored skin and whites of the
eyes excess bilirubin from breakdown of RBCs possible liver damage
occurs in newborns Jaundice
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Hemophilia Inherited; sex-linked blood
does not clot properly Polycythemia overproduction of RBCs causes
thick blood Thrombocytopenia number of platelets is decreased blood
does not clot properly Blood Disorders
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. cancer of the blood acute lymphocytic
leukemia over production of lymphocytes acute myeloid leukemia too
many myeloblasts chronic lymphocytic leukemia high level of
lymphocytes chronic myeloid leukemia too many granulocytes
Leukemia